scholarly journals How Citizen Science is Reinforcing the Forming of a Bottom-Up National Biodiversity Open Data Culture: Our progress on an island in the Western Pacific region - Taiwan

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerome Chie-Jen Ko ◽  
Huiling Chang ◽  
Yihong Chang ◽  
Tzu-Chien Kuo ◽  
You-Cheng Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Citizen Science ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Project Managers ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Bird Conservation ◽  
Biodiversity Informatics ◽  
Informatics System ◽  
Data Culture ◽  
Biodiversity Information

The importance of a data exchanging culture accompanied by a supporting bioinformatic system is widely praised as an aid to sustainable development. Yet this is not always implemented as a top-down procedure in every governing environment. Common obstacles include lack of resources, lack of support from decision-makers, and lack of recognition from data-providers. Using citizen science (hereafter CS), which assumes a spirit of public information sharing, we demonstrate how CS can be a critical tool to help database managers overcome this difficulty. CS data contributes to impressively over 70% of the currently 4.5 million openly distributed occurrence data in Taiwan. Although CS projects emerged much earlier in a few taxa, such as Aves and Anura, CS was unknown to the wider public and politicians in the region until 2009. This was probably due to the combination of the popularity of social media and improvements to wifi connections, which brought discoveries and impacts of CS data to the news spotlight. Such cases include roadkill projects that aided rabies-outbreak control, and amateur bird records that helped downscale the conflict between solar energy deployment and migratory wetland bird conservation. These cases also created feedback on the call for more data to be open, an effect that was prominent from project managers in other CS communities, the previously reluctant expert researcher communities, and even placed pressure on data policy of several conservation agencies which previously were not supportive of open data. The inclusion of CS programs is also critical in forming alliances between agencies that were responsible for promoting and building the biodiversity informatics system. Previously, financial and human resources for such systems are split across agencies. However, in terms of building up a cutting edge biodiversity information service platform, or empowerment of human resources to handle the rapidly growing amount of data, joint partnerships across government agencies is then necessary. CS brings the spotlight of government efforts to the people, which is an important strategy to maintain support from top decision-makers and politicians, who mostly rely on public votes in a democratic society. Currently, the national node of the Global Biodiversity Information Facility in Taiwan, the administration for conservation in Taiwan, and the main biodiversity consultancy in Taiwan have teamed up, answering the call for sharing data for a better future. As a tribute to the CS projects, a biodiversity informatics system named Taiwan Biodiversity Network, is now enhancing its ability as a platform to promote data usage and provide technical aid to CS programs. Data visualization projects such as “Coldspots” pointed out regions that lack data, which can be used to decide where to focus efforts for the next field surveys. Online CS data platforms, such as Taiwan Reptile Report Program, are also working to ease the previously intensive efforts that project managers needed to contribute to run event-based monitoring. Combined, these developments form a cultural and technical basis for the implementation of multi-taxa atlas projects, which was made possible by the mainstreaming of open data culture and biodiversity awareness through citizen science projects.

scholarly journals Making Biodiversity Data Social, Shareable, and Scalable: Reflections on iNaturalist & citizen science

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carrie Seltzer
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Citizen Science ◽  
Biodiversity Informatics ◽  
Strategic Decisions ◽  
Biodiversity Data ◽  
Helping Others ◽  
Advance Research ◽  
Biodiversity Information

Since 2008, iNaturalist has been crowdsourcing identifications for biodiversity observations collected by citizen scientists. Today iNaturalist has over 25 million records of wild biodiversity with photo or audio evidence, from every country, representing more than 230,000 species, collected by over 700,000 people, and with 90,000 people helping others with identifications. Hundreds of publications have used iNaturalist data to advance research, conservation, and policy. There are three key themes that iNaturalist has embraced: social interaction; shareability of data, tools, and code; and scalability of the platform and community. The keynote will share reflections on what has (and has not) worked for iNaturalist while drawing on other examples from biodiversity informatics and citizen science. Insights about user motivations, synergistic collaborations, and strategic decisions about scaling offer some transferable approaches to address the broadly applicable questions: Which species is represented? How do we make the best use of the available biodiversity information? And how do we build something viable and enduring in the process?

scholarly journals Game of Tops: Trends in GBIF’s Community of Users

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nora Escribano ◽  
David Galicia ◽  
Arturo H. Ariño
Keyword(s):  
Information Exchange ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Biodiversity Informatics ◽  
Biodiversity Data ◽  
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Opening Up ◽  
Biodiversity Information

Building on the development of Biodiversity Informatics, the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) undertook the task of enabling access to the world’s wealth of biodiversity data via the Internet. To date, GBIF has become, in many respects, the most extensive biodiversity information exchange infrastructure in the world, opening up a full range of possibilities for science. Science has benefited from such access to biodiversity data in research areas ranging from the effects of environmental change on biodiversity to the spread of invasive species, among many others. As of this writing, more than 7,000 published items (scientific papers, reviews, conference proceedings) have been indexed in the GBIF Secretariat’s literature tracking programme. On the basis on this database, we will represent trends in GBIF in the users’ behaviour over time regarding openness, social structure, and other features associated to such scientific production: what is the measurable impact of research using GBIF data? How is the GBIF community of users growing? Is the science made with, and enabled by, open data, actually open? Mapping GBIF users’ choices will show how biodiversity research is evolving through time, synthesising past and current priorities of this community in an attempt to forecast whether summer—or winter—is coming.

Perangkat sumber daya manusia (brainware). S Mukhtar Ayubi Simatupang. PMM-1

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Mukhtar Ayubi Simatupang
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Computer System ◽  
Computer Systems ◽  
Project Managers ◽  
Project Manager ◽  
Database Administrator ◽  
System Analyst

AbstrakBrainware adalah istilah yang digunakan untuk manusia yang digunakan untuk manusia yang berhubungan dengan sistem komputer. Manusia merupakan suatu elemen dari sistem komputer yang merancang bagaimana suatu mesin dapat bekerja sesuai dengan hasil yang diinginkan. Tingkatan brainware terdiri atas system analyst, programmer, administrator, dan operator. Bagian bagian brainware terdiri atas operator komputer, teknisi, trainer, konsultan, project manager, programmer, grapic designer, spesialis jaringan, database administrator, dan system analitis. Kata Kunci : Brainware (Perangkat Sumber Daya Manusia)AbstractBrainware is a term used for humans that is used for humans related to computer systems. Humans are an element of a computer system that designs how a machine can work in accordance with the desired results. The brainware level consists of system analysts, programmers, administrators, and operators. The brainware section consists of computer operators, technicians, trainers, consultants, project managers, programmers, grapic designers, network specialists, database administrators, and system analytics.Keywords: Brainware (Human Resources Tool)

scholarly journals Contribution of Citizen Science to Biodiversity Data Mobilization in Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalya Ivanova ◽  
Maxim Shashkov
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Citizen Science ◽  
Biodiversity Data ◽  
Breeding Bird ◽  
Breeding Bird Atlas ◽  
Research Grade ◽  
Taxonomic Groups ◽  
Species Occurrences ◽  
Biodiversity Information

Currently Russia doesn't have a national biodiversity information system, and is still not a GBIF (Global Biodiversity Information Facility) member. Nevertheless, GBIF is the largest source of biodiversity data for Russia. As of August 2020, >5M species occurrences were available through the GBIF portal, of which 54% were published by Russian organisations. There are 107 institutions from Russia that have become GBIF publishers and 357 datasets have been published. The important trend of data mobilization in Russia is driven by the considerable contribution of citizen science. The most popular platform is iNaturalist. This year, the related GBIF dataset (Ueda 2020) became the largest one for Russia (793,049 species occurrences as of 2020-08-11). The first observation for Russia was posted in 2011, but iNaturalist started becoming popular in 2017. That year, 88 observers added >4500 observations that represented 1390 new species for Russia, 7- and 2-fold more respectively, than for the previous 6 years. Now we have nearly 12,000 observers, about 15,000 observed species and >1M research-grade observations. The ratio of observations for Tracheophyta, Chordata, and Arthropoda in Russia is different compared to the global scale. There are almost an equal amount of observations in the global iNaturalist GBIF dataset for these groups. At the same time in Russia, vascular plants make up 2/3rds of the observations. That is due to the "Flora of Russia" project, which attracted many professional botanists both as observers and experts. Thanks to their activity, Russia has a high proportion of research-grade observations in iNaturalist, 78% versus 60% globally. Another consequence of wide participation by professional researchers is the high rate of species accumulation. For some taxonomic groups conspicuous species were already revealed. There are about 850 bird species in Russia of which 398 species were observed in 2018, and only 83 new species in 2019. Currently, the number of new species recorded over time is decreasing despite the increase in observers and overall user activity. Russian iNaturalist observers have shared a lot of archive photos (taken during past years). In 2018, it was nearly 1/4 of the total number of observations and about 3/4 of new species for the year, with similar trends observed during 2019. Usually archive photos are posted from December until April, but the 2020 pandemic lockdown spurred a new wave of archive photo mobilisation in April and May. There are many iNaturalist projects for protected areas in Russia: 27 for strict nature reserves and national parks, and about 300 for others. About 100,000 observations (7.5% of all Russian observations) from the umbrella project "Protected areas of Russia" represent >34% of the species diversity observed in Russia. For some regions, e.g., Novosibirsk, Nizhniy Novgorod and Vladimir Oblasts, almost all protected areas are covered by iNaturalist projects, and are often their only source of available biodiversity data. There are also other popular citizen science platforms developed by Russian researchers. The first one is the Russian birdwatching network RU-BIRDS.RU. The related GBIF dataset (Ukolov et al. 2019) is the third largest dataset for Russia (>370,000 species occurrences). Another Russian citizen science system is wildlifemonitoring.ru, which includes thematic resources for different taxonomic groups of vertebrates. This is the crowd-sourced web-GIS maintained by the Siberian Environmental Center NGO in Novosibirsk. It is noteworthy that iNaturalist activities in Russia are developed more as a social network than as a way to attract volunteers to participate in scientific research. Of 746 citations in the iNaturalist dataset, only 18 articles include co-authors from Russia. iNaturalist data are used for the management of regional red lists (in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Novosibirsk Oblast and others), and as an additional information source for regional inventories. RU-BIRDS data were used in the European Russia Breeding Bird Atlas and the new edition of the European Breeding Bird Atlas. In Russia, citizen science activities significantly contribute to filling gaps in the global biodiversity map. However, Russian iNaturalist observations available through GBIF originate from the USA. It is not ideal, because the iNaturalist GBIF dataset is growing rapidly, and in the future it will represent more than all other datasets for Russia combined. In our opinion, iNaturalist data should be repatriated during the process of publishing through GBIF, as it is implemented for the eBird dataset (Levatich and Ligocki 2020).

scholarly journals Implementasi Metode Electre Dalam Penentuan Karyawan Berprestasi (Studi Kasus: PT. MEGARIMAS SENTOSA)

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Mesran Mesran ◽  
Selpi Anita ◽  
Ronda Deli Sianturi
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Decision Support System ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Support System ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Electre Method ◽  
The Right ◽  
Assessment Result ◽  
Selection Of

One of the important things that an employee must have is not separated from the performance of an employee. For the effectiveness of human resources work in the assessment of the right decision is needed. Therefore, the software is made that can take a decision to recommend employee achievement for PT. Megariamas Sentosa. The software is built on the basis of a decision support system that has the ability to select outstanding employees using the ELECTRE method. This Electre method has criteria that can determine alternative decisions in application in the software. So that decision makers can determine the selection of outstanding employees. The process in this Electre method compares employees with one employee to another and gives out put value of priority intensity in the form of the assessment result / criteria that has been specified by the company to the employee. The result of this process is recommended as an outstanding employee in PT. Megaria Mas Sentosa.

scholarly journals CURRENT ISSUES OF INVESTMENT PROJECT EVALUATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 792-798
Author(s):  
O.D. Golovina ◽  
O.A. Vorobyova
Keyword(s):  
Project Management ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Investment Project ◽  
Project Performance ◽  
Project Managers ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Project Development ◽  
Strategic Development ◽  
Entire Complex

Evaluation of investment project performance indicators is one of the most important components of project management in any organization. It is carried out at every stage of project development and implementation, up to its completion. Due to the insufficient resources of companies to implement a set of projects, it is almost always necessary to select one or several projects from the entire complex. At the same time, one of the main selection criteria is the maximum compliance of the project with the company's strategic development vector. When calculating quantitative values that serve as a measure of evaluation for project selection, various kinds of inconsistencies and discrepancies between indicators often occur, which requires special attention from investors, project managers and other categories of decision-makers. The article discusses the main, fairly typical situations associated with the evaluation of real projects that arise in the practice of investment activities of companies.

Monitoring Svalbard’s environment and cultural heritage through citizen science by expedition cruises

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Poulsen
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Citizen Science ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Polar Regions ◽  
Science Program ◽  
Cruise Ship ◽  
Cruise Ships

<p><strong>Monitoring Svalbard’s environment and cultural heritage through citizen science by expedition cruises</strong></p><p>Michael K. Poulsen1, Lisbeth Iversen2, Ted Cheeseman3, Børge Damsgård4, Verena Meraldi5, Naja Elisabeth Mikkelsen6, Zdenka Sokolíčková7, Kai Sørensen8, Agnieszka Tatarek9, Penelope Wagner10, Stein Sandven2, and Finn Danielsen1</p><p>1NORDECO, 2NERSC, 3PCSC, 4UNIS, 5Hurtigruten, 6GEUS, 7University of Oslo, 8NIVA, 9IOPAN, 10MET Norway</p><p><strong>Why expedition cruise monitoring is important for Svalbard. </strong>The Arctic environment  is changing fast, largely due to increasing temperatures and human activities. The continuous areas of wilderness and the cultural heritage sites in Svalbard need to be managed based on a solid understanding.</p><p>The natural environment of Svalbard is rich compared to other polar regions. Historical remains are plentiful. The Svalbard Environmental Protection Act aims at regulating hunting, fishing, industrial activities, mining, commerce and tourism. Expedition cruises regularly reach otherwise rarely visited places.</p><p><strong>Steps taken to improve environmental monitoring. </strong>A workshop for enhancing the environmental monitoring efforts of expedition cruise ships was held in Longyearbyen in 2019, facilitated by the INTAROS project and the Association of Arctic Expedition Cruise Operators  (https://intaros.nersc.no/content/cruise-expedition-monitoring-workshop) with representatives of cruise operators, citizen science programs, local government and scientists. They agreed on a pilot assessment of monitoring programs during 2019.</p><p><strong>Results show the importance of cruise ship observations. </strong>The provisional findings of the pilot assessment suggest thatexpedition cruises go almost everywhere around Svalbard and gather significant and relevant data on the environment, contributing for example to an improved understanding of thestatus and distribution of wildlife. Observations are often documented with photographs. More than 150 persons contributed observations during 2019 to eBird and Happywhale. iNaturalist, not part of the pilot assessment, also received many contributions. The pilot assessment was unable to establish a useful citizen science program for testing monitoring of cultural remains.</p><p><strong>Conclusions relevant for monitoring and environmental management. </strong>Cruise ships collect environmental data that are valuable for the scientific community and for public decision-makers. The Governor of Svalbard isresponsible for environmental management in Svalbard. Data on the environment and on cultural remains from expedition cruises can be useful for the Governor’s office. Improved communication between citizen science programs and those responsible for environmental management decisions is likely to increase the quantity of relevant information that reaches public decision makers.</p><p><strong>Recommendations for improving the use of cruise ship observations and monitoring.</strong></p><ul><li>1) All cruise expedition ships should be equipped with tablets containing the apps for the same small selection of citizen scienceprograms so that they can easily upload records.</li> <li>2) Evaluation of data that can be created and how such data can contribute to monitoring programs, to ensure that data is made readily available in a form that is useful for institutions responsible for planning and improving environmental management.</li> <li>3) Clear lines of communication between citizen science program participants, citizen science program organizers, the scientific community and decision makers should be further developed.</li> <li>4) Developing expedition cruise monitoring is of high priority in Svalbard, but is also highly relevant to other polar regions.</li> <li>5) Further work is necessary to fully understand the feasibility and potential of coordinated expedition cruise operator based environmental observing in the Arctic.</li> </ul>

scholarly journals A nationwide assessment of plastic pollution in the Danish realm using citizen science

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristian Syberg ◽  
Annemette Palmqvist ◽  
Farhan R. Khan ◽  
Jakob Strand ◽  
Jes Vollertsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citizen Science ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Plastic Pollution ◽  
Political Decision ◽  
Pollution Research ◽  
Beach Litter ◽  
Citizen Science Project ◽  
Scientific Survey

Abstract Plastic pollution is considered one of today’s major environmental problems. Current land-based monitoring programs typically rely on beach litter data and seldom include plastic pollution further inland. We initiated a citizen science project known as the Mass Experiment inviting schools throughout The Danish Realm (Denmark, Greenland and the Faeroe Islands) to collect litter samples of and document plastic pollution in 8 different nature types. In total approximately 57,000 students (6–19 years) collected 374,082 plastic items in 94 out of 98 Danish municipalities over three weeks during fall 2019. The Mass Experiment was the first scientific survey of plastic litter to cover an entire country. Here we show how citizen science, conducted by students, can be used to fill important knowledge gaps in plastic pollution research, increase public awareness, establish large scale clean-up activities and subsequently provide information to political decision-makers aiming for a more sustainable future.

scholarly journals Open Science lernen und lehren: FOSTER Portal stellt Materialien und Kurse bereit

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (2-3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Astrid Orth ◽  
Birgit Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Citizen Science ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Open Science ◽  
European Research ◽  
Europäische Kommission ◽  
Open Notebook Science ◽  
Science Training

Open Science ist ein relativ junger Begriff, die zugrunde liegende Idee des Teilens von Wissen, Ergebnissen und Methoden ist jedoch so alt ist wie die Wissenschaft selbst. Open Science umfasst neben Open Access und Open Data – dem offenen Zugang zu Veröffentlichungen und Forschungsdaten – auch radikal neue Bereiche wie Citizen Science und Open Notebook Science. Seitdem die Europäische Kommission und andere Forschungsförderer zunehmend Open Access zu Publikationen und Daten in ihre Förderrichtlinien aufnehmen, ist es für Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler unumgänglich geworden, sich mit diesem Thema auseinanderzusetzen. Die Herausforderung bei der Umsetzung dieser Anforderungen ist nicht so sehr die Existenz und Zugänglichkeit relevanter Informationen, sondern die unübersichtliche Fülle an Material. Das von der Europäischen Kommission geförderte Projekt „Facilitating Open Science Training for European Research“ (FOSTER) führt deshalb eine breite Sammlung von Materialien und Kursen zum Thema Open Science zusammen und schafft so eine Lernressource für die europäische Forschungscommunity. Die Inhalte stehen möglichst über offene Lizenzen zur Verfügung, um die Nachnutzung in weiteren Schulungen zu unterstützen. Die Navigation durch die Fülle an Inhalten erfolgt entlang einer Taxonomie oder anhand von zielgruppenspezifischen Lernzielen, die zum Beispiel Projektmanager oder Multiplikatoren wie Bibliothekare adressieren. Der Artikel stellt die aktuellen Ergebnisse des Projektes vor, beleuchtet die Rolle der Niedersächsischen Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen im Projekt und gibt einen Ausblick auf die Aktivitäten im zweiten Projektjahr.

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