scholarly journals Birds of the World: A global reference for avian life histories and a case study of incompatible taxonomies

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff Gerbracht
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
North America ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Neotropical Birds ◽  
Current State ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Coverage ◽  
Biodiversity Information

Life history accounts and taxonomic monographs are a series of publications covering a higher taxonomic group where each account is a compilation of existing knowledge detailing many aspects of a species life history. These life history accounts are extensively used by researchers, ornithologists and conservationists as a main source for the current state of knowledge of a species. Birds, being one of the more easily seen and studied taxa, have a number of specialized life history accounts where data from a wide variety of disciplines are combined into a single easily accessible resource. The Cornell Lab of Ornithology (CLO) currently manages two of these series focused on different regions of the world, Birds of North America (BNA) and Neotropical Birds (NB). Lynx Edicions has published the Handbook of Birds of the World (HBW), an extensive set of avian monographs covering every species of bird in the world. A recently announced collaboration between CLO and Lynx Edicions provides us with the opportunity to bring together the extreme detail of the life history accounts from Birds of North America with the global coverage of HBW to produce a global, in-depth treatment of every species of bird in the world. The integration of life history information from these existing projects with different underlying taxonomies presents a variety of real-world examples of the challenges to be overcome to bring these life history accounts into alignment and provide the scientific and lay communities with taxonomically accurate and up to date information. The Handbook of Birds of the World currently follows the HBW and BirdLife Taxonomic Checklist v3 (with 11,126 species recognized) while Birds of North America and Neotropical Birds both follow the eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2018 (with 10,585 species recognized). Of the roughly 11,000 species of birds, nearly 9,500 are direct matches between HBW/BirdLife and Clements at the species or species to subspecies levels. The remaining concept mismatches fall into several basic categories including lump and split differences as well as differences in which subspecies are included or excluded. In this talk we will discuss the challenges we have faced with managing and merging life history accounts where the underlying taxonomies are fundamentally different. With a requirement to ensure that life history accounts remain accurate when the underlying concepts of the original sources differ, we employ a variety of processes, some very labor intensive and some requiring in-depth taxonomic knowledge to produce consolidated species accounts. Existing resources are integral to these type of integrations and in addition to the taxonomies themselves, cross-taxonomy mapping databases such as Avibase are key. Working through this process of consolidating life history accounts highlights the basic need for taxonomic management and publication toolsets built on underlying taxonomic and life history standards. Cross institutional collaboration to produce these toolsets will be key to their development and successful adoption across the biodiversity and taxonomic communities. I will also discuss and propose a set of taxonomic management tools based on taxonomic concepts, some which already exist and are used by bird taxonomists to annually update the Clements Checklist and some which need to be implemented before we can accurately manage and consolidate biodiversity information and the evolving taxonomies on which those data are based.

Employing Digital Reality Technologies in Art Exhibitions and Museums

2020 ◽  
pp. 139-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yowei Kang ◽  
Kenneth C. C. Yang
Keyword(s):  
General Public ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Cultural Industry ◽  
Art Exhibitions ◽  
Art Exhibition ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Current State ◽  
The World ◽  
Technology Applications

The global AR, MR, and VR markets will reach USD$40.6 billion in 2019. As a result, digital reality technologies have become a key component of promoting art exhibition and museum industries to the general public around the world. Emerging applications such as ARCHEOGUIDE, ARCO, and 3D-MURALE have allowed museum-goers to access archeological artefacts and sites remotely without physically visiting the museums. Digital reality technologies have therefore been perceived to have the great potential to promote (creative) cultural industry contents, because of the characteristics of these platforms (e.g., interactivity, realism, and visualization). This chapter employs a case study approach to discuss the current state of digital reality technology applications in museums and art exhibitions around the world. The study provides several best practice examples to demonstrate how digital reality technologies have fundamentally transformed the art exhibitions and museums.

scholarly journals Information System and Technology Optimization as a Tool for Ensuring the Competitiveness of a Railway Undertaking—Case Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 8915
Author(s):  
Juraj Čamaj ◽  
Eva Brumerčíková ◽  
Michal Petr Hranický
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Railway Transport ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
Current State ◽  
The World ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Research And Education

Information and communication technologies are becoming an increasingly important part of everyday life, as they facilitate many activities, mainly in the world of work, but also in scientific research and education. At present, informatics is one of the fastest growing sectors of the national economy. This development has had a significant impact on improving the quality of transport and transportation processes. The article is focused on the railway transport. It deals with the possibilities of planning the shifts of the train personnel and circulation of the vehicles. It describes the background of the topic. The scientific acquittance lies on the methodology proposed by authors. It presents a new idea of creating the shifts and circulations while being based on the current state and mathematical methods.

Notes on the Life-history and Habits of the Brown Mite, Bryobia arborea Morgan & Anderson (Acarina: Tetranychidae), on Peach in Ontario

1960 ◽  
Vol 92 (10) ◽  
pp. 775-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. C. Herne ◽  
Wm. L. Putman
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
New Species ◽  
North America ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Extensive Study ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
A New Species

The ‘clover’ mite, Bryobia praetiosa Koch, has long been known to be a complex of closely related species or biological races differing greatly in host range, life-history, and habits. Morgan and Anderson (1957) reviewed the problem and described the form occurring on fruit trees in British Columbia as a new species, B. arborea, to be known as the brown mite, and these authors (Anderson and Morgan, 1958) also published a detailed study of the life-histories and habits of this species and of the true clover mite, B. praetiosa. Although the presence of Bryobia mites on fruit trees in Eastern North America, including Ontario, has long been recognized, they have seldom received more than casual mention and no extensive study of their biology in this area appears to have been undertaken. The species has little economic importance in Ontario (Putman and Herne, 1959).

scholarly journals THE BIOLOGY OF THREE NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF MESOVELIA (HEMIPTERA-MESOVELIIDAE).,

1932 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 88-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clarence H. Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Common Species ◽  
North American Species ◽  
The Other

The purpose of this paper is to present what is known at the present time concerning the life histories and habits of the Mesoveliidae, particularly those of three species of the genus Mesovelia Muls. found in North America. Studies on our most common species, Mesovelia mulsanti bisignata Uhler, were carried out in Michigan and Kansas, while biological notes on the other two species were taken in the region of Douglas Lake, Michigan, their only known habitat. Isolated rearings and life history studies of all three species were made at Lawrence, Kansas.

ON THE TAXONOMY OF THE GENUS CLADOTAENIA, THE LIFE HISTORIES OF C. GLOBIFERA (BATSCH, 1786) AND C. CIRCI YAMAGUTI, 1935, AND A NOTE ON DISTINGUISHING BETWEEN THE PLEROCERCOIDS OF THE GENERA PARUTERINA AND CLADOTAENIA

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reino S. Freeman
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Peromyscus Maniculatus ◽  
Tamiasciurus Hudsonicus ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Tamias Striatus ◽  
Napaeozapus Insignis ◽  
The World ◽  
Sorex Cinereus ◽  
Circus Cyaneus

A review of the taxonomy of the genus Cladotaenia established that at least four species of this genus occur in Europe, Egypt, and Sudan; that four species occur in North America; and that there are 10 valid species in the world. C. circi Yamaguti, 1935 is redescribed from Circus cyaneus hudsonius and Accipiter cooperi, and C. globifera (Batsch, 1786) is redescribed from Accipiter gentilis atricapillus, A. striatus velox, Buteo p. platypterus, B. jamaicensis, and C. cyaneus hudsonius all collected in North America. The development of the plerocercoid of both species is described. Natural infections with the plerocercoid of C. circi, are reported from Peromyscus maniculatus sonoriensis, and with the plerocercoid of C. globifera in the rodents, Clethrionomys gapperi, Napaeozapus insignis, Peromyscus maniculatus gracilis, P. leucopus noveboracensis, Tamias striatus, Tamiasciurus hudsonicus, and the insectivore Sorex cinereus. The ratio of the length of the hook to length of guard of the large hooks of Cladolaenia is less than 3.5:1, whereas this ratio is more than 3.5:1 on the large rostellar hooks of Paruterina, which is considered a good criterion for distinguishing the plerocercoids of the two genera.

Pacific Salmon Environmental and Life History Models: Advancing Science for Sustainable Salmon in the Future

2009 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Habitat Alteration ◽  
Freshwater Habitat ◽  
Equal Importance ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
Olfactory Stimuli ◽  
Philosophical Viewpoint

<em>Abstract.—</em>We understand our environment through our senses and tend to interpret the behavior of other animals in the context of the world we understand. Butterflies and flowers sometimes show distinctive patterns in ultraviolet light that are important to them but invisible to us. Likewise, the senses of fish and their experience of the world are very different from ours. Many aspects of a salmon’s environment, such as olfactory stimuli, are completely invisible to us. Other factors, like certain aspects of habitat alteration, are visible but unnoticed because they occurred gradually or long ago. Like Poe’s purloined letter they are cryptic—there for us to see if we only knew what to look for. As we build salmon models we base them on what we understand is important to the fish. However, our anthropocentric bias may cause us to overlook or misinterpret factors of importance. In addition, our necessarily simplified models, when applied to management, may result in a pernicious simplification of the salmon populations we wish to preserve. For example, if we model and manage for a dominant (or highly visible or easily monitored) salmon life history we may inadvertently eliminate other life histories of equal importance, or reduce diversity in ways that affect population viability. We should actively seek to identify important factors missing from our models and be aware of critical assumptions. Recognizing that our models are tools used to understand and manage salmon, we should try to understand the broader implications of these models to the future of the salmon we hope to preserve. In this essay, I offer speculation about what we may be missing in freshwater habitat, life history diversity, metapopulation dynamics, ocean survival, and water chemistry. I also consider the question of scale, and the effect our philosophical viewpoint may have on the direction and application of our modeling efforts and the likelihood of successful outcomes.

Life-history studies–a new approach to the taxonomy of ligulate species of Desmarestia (Phaeophyceae) from the Pacific coast of Canada

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (10) ◽  
pp. 2192-2196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira F. Peters ◽  
Dieter G. Müller
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
North America ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Growth Forms ◽  
Dioecious Species ◽  
New Approach ◽  
The Pacific

Life histories of two ligulate forms of Desmarestia with different phylloid width from one site on the Canadian Pacific coast were studied in culture. Meiospores from a form with narrow phylloids germinated into monoecious gametophytes. Meiospores from a form with broad phylloids developed into dioecious gametophytes, showing sexual dimorphism characteristic for dioecious species of Desmarestia. The two growth forms also differed in culture conditions required for gametogenesis. We conclude that at least two different species of ligulate Desmarestia occur on the Pacific coast of North America.

Parasites of the Frit-fly, Oscinella frit (L.), in eastern North America

1952 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 503-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. Simmonds
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
North America ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
History Of ◽  
Major Pest

An account is given of an investigation made of the life-histories of Oscinella frit and its parasites in Ontario, Canada, with a view to the possible introduction of suitable parasites into England. The various Chloropid species associated with O. frit in North America are discussed.The life-history of the frit-fly in Ontario is similar to that in England except wheat, not oats, is attacked, and that there appears to be no regular grain-infesting generation, but the insect is never a major pest in Canada.The life-histories of the following six species of parasites are described : Hexacola sp. n., Polyscelis sp. n., Loxotropa sp., Cyrtogaster sp., Callitula bicolor and Spalangia drosophilae. Other hosts from which these parasites have been reared include Chloropids associated with O. frit in wheat, namely O. carbonaria, O. soror, O. minor and Meromyza americana.A brief account is given of the control exerted by these parasites on the population of frit-fly in Ontario and a comparison is made between the Canadian and English parasite complexes. From this it is concluded that S. drosophilae might exert some control of frit-fly if introduced into England.

scholarly journals I.—American “Surface Geology,” and its Relation to British. With some Remarks on the Glacial Conditions in Britain, especially in Reference to the “Great Ice Age” of Mr. James Geikie

1877 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. 481-496
Author(s):  
Searles V. Wood
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Life History ◽  
North America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Surface Geology

From no part of the world have we of late years derived more additions to the Geological Record than from North America. Besides important additions to the earliest pages of that record, the rich collections made by the United States Surveyors, both of fauna and flora, from the Cretaceous, Eocene, and Miocene deposits, have thrown much light upon the life history of the Earth; and it is even contended that they have bridged over the interval which, notwithstanding the Maestricht beds, the Pisolitic, and the Faxoe Limestones, still remains sharply marked between the Cretaceous and Tertiary formations of Europe so far as they have yet been examined.

The Strategic Constitution in Action: Canada's Afghan War as a Case Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 419-448
Author(s):  
Irvin Studin
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
British Empire ◽  
Constitutional Law ◽  
Foreign Affairs ◽  
British North America ◽  
The World ◽  
Legal Document

What does the Canadian Constitution have to say (or not say) about Canada's recent war in Afghanistan? The question seems intellectually natural, but has seldom been asked – not least because in Canada, the fields of constitutional law and foreign affairs, in both scholarship and praxis, are often near-perfect strangers. The seldom examined second recital of the preamble to the Constitution Act, 1867 (once the British North America Act,1867, and hereafter the ‘1867 Act'), reads that the “Union would conduce to the Welfare of the Provinces and promote the Interests of the British Empire.” The only provision of the 1867 Act that explicitly references foreign affairs is section 132, although it speaks to the implementation by Canada (legislative and executive branches) ofimperialor British Empire treaty obligations. One can therefore propose with reasonable certainty that both the character and paucity of explicit language onstrategyin the text of the founding legal document of the modern Canadian state betray a fundamental reality: that Canada,constitutionally speaking, was never intended or expected to be a power player of any note in the world, but, rather, was constituted as a strategic appendage orauxiliary kingdomof the British Empire— its instruments and interests subsumed to the strategic designs and direction of Westminster.

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