scholarly journals Corrigenda: Cytogenetic markers as a tool for characterization of hybrids of Astyanax Baird & Girard, 1854 and Hyphessobrycon Eigenmann, 1907. Comparative Cytogenetics 14(2): 231–242. https://doi.org/10.3897/CompCytogen.v14i2.49513

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 639-643
Author(s):  
Caio Augusto Gomes Goes ◽  
Sandro Natal Daniel ◽  
Lucas Henrique Piva ◽  
George Shigueki Yasui ◽  
Roberto Ferreira Artoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
5S Rdna ◽  
Mendelian Inheritance ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Comparative Cytogenetics ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
The Family ◽  
Karyotypic Diversity ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Genetic Pools

Astyanax Baird et Girard, 1854, is one of the largest genera in the family Characidae and comprises 177 valid species. This genus has been the focus of cytogenetic studies primarily owing to the presence of B chromosomes and high karyotypic diversity among different populations. The intense genetic variability in Astyanax is one of the factors responsible for the occurrence of species complexes, which are groups (1) with certain difficulties in establishing common genetic pools or (2) belonging to different cryptic species. To evaluate cytogenetic marker inheritance and the possibility of the identification of these hybrids, this study aimed to describe cytogenetic hybrids from three strains of species of the genera Astyanax and Hyphessobrycon Eigenmann, 1908. A. lacustris Lütken, 1875, A. schubarti Britski, 1964, A. fasciatus Cuvier, 1819, and H. anisitsi Eigenmann, 1907 were used to generate three hybrid lineages. The diploid number, heterochromatin sites, and ribosomal genes (18S and 5S rDNA) of the parental strains and the hybrids were analyzed. The results indicated that the three hybrid lineages had cytogenetic markers of both parents, presenting Mendelian inheritance. However, differences in distribution of heterochromatic blocks were observed between the hybrids and the parent strains. Our results allowed the identification of the hybrid strains based on the cytogenetic markers applied, reinforcing the efficiency of cytogenetic markers as tools for identification and indicating that such events may increase the karyotypic diversity in the genera Astyanax and Hyphessobrycon.

scholarly journals Cytogenetic markers as a tool for characterization of hybrids of Astyanax Baird & Girard, 1854 and Hyphessobrycon Eigenmann, 1907

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-242
Author(s):  
Caio Augusto Gomes Goes ◽  
Sandro Natal Daniel ◽  
Lucas Henrique Piva ◽  
George Shigueki Yasui ◽  
Roberto Ferreira Artoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
5S Rdna ◽  
Mendelian Inheritance ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
The Family ◽  
Karyotypic Diversity ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Genetic Pools ◽  
Occurrence Of Species

Astyanax Baird et Girard, 1854, is one of the largest genera in the family Characidae and comprises 177 valid species. This genus has been the focus of cytogenetic studies primarily owing to the presence of B chromosomes and high karyotypic diversity among different populations. The intense genetic variability in Astyanax is one of the factors responsible for the occurrence of species complexes, which are groups (1) with certain difficulties in establishing common genetic pools or (2) belonging to different cryptic species. To evaluate cytogenetic marker inheritance and the possibility of the identification of these hybrids, this study aimed to describe cytogenetic hybrids from three strains of species of the genera Astyanax and Hyphessobrycon Eigenmann, 1908. A. lacustris Lütken, 1875, A. schubarti Britski, 1964, A. fasciatus Cuvier, 1819, and H. anisitsi Eigenmann, 1907 were used to generate three hybrid lineages. The diploid number, heterochromatin sites, and ribosomal genes (18S and 5S rDNA) of the parental strains and the hybrids were analyzed. The results indicated that the three hybrid lineages had cytogenetic markers of both parents, presenting Mendelian inheritance. However, differences in distribution of heterochromatic blocks were observed between the hybrids and the parent strains. Our results allowed the identification of the hybrid strains based on the cytogenetic markers applied, reinforcing the efficiency of cytogenetic markers as tools for identification and indicating that such events may increase the karyotypic diversity in the genera Astyanax and Hyphessobrycon.

scholarly journals Comparative cytogenetics of Astyanax (Teleostei: Characidae) from the upper Paraguay basin

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thais K. S. S. Teixeira ◽  
Paulo C. Venere ◽  
Daniela C. Ferreira ◽  
Sandra Mariotto ◽  
Jonathan P. Castro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Mapping ◽  
18S Rdna ◽  
Diploid Number ◽  
5S Rdna ◽  
Neotropical Region ◽  
Comparative Cytogenetics ◽  
Karyotype Morphology ◽  
Taxonomic Studies

ABSTRACT Astyanax is one of the most abundant and diverse taxa of fishes in the Neotropical region. In order to increase the amount of cytogenetic information for Astyanax as well as to exhibit data to subsidize future taxonomic studies, this work analyzed three species of Astyanax: two species are cryptic, and are here reported to live in syntopy (A. abramis and A. lacustris); the first karyotype description for A. pirapuan is also presented. Cytogenetic analyzes reveal a diploid number of 2n=50 chromosomes for three species, yet with differences in their karyotype morphology. The physical mapping of 18S rDNA showed up to thirteen sites in A. pirapuan and two in A. abramis and A. lacustris. The physical mapping of 5S rDNA has proven to be an effective marker for the characterization of species of Astyanax studied in this work.

scholarly journals Plumularioid hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from off New Caledonia collected during KANACONO and KANADEEP expeditions of the French Tropical Deep-Sea Benthos Program

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Horia R. Galea ◽  
Davide Maggioni
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Western Coast ◽  
New Genera ◽  
Phylogenetic Reconstructions ◽  
The Family ◽  
First Time

This study reports on 25 species of hydroids occurring in the collections gathered during KANACONO and KANADEEP expeditions carried out in the SE of New Caledonia in 2016, and off the western coast of the island in 2017, respectively. Of these, 19 have not been dealt with in earlier reports on these collections. Two new genera and four new species are described, viz, Actinopluma mirifica Galea gen. et sp. nov., provisionally assigned to the family Kirchenpaueriidae Stechow, 1921, Schizoplumularia helicoidalis sp. nov., belonging to the Plumulariidae McCrady, 1859, and Corhiza patula Galea sp. nov. and Thamnopteros uniserius Galea gen. et sp. nov., both placed in the family Halopterididae Millard, 1962. The gonotheca and the medusoid gonophore of Plumularia contraria Ansín Agís et al., 2014 are described for the first time, allowing a genus transfer to Dentitheca Stechow, 1919, as D. contraria comb. nov. Plumularia conjuncta Billard, 1913, known earlier from a minute portion of colony, is redescribed based on a complete, though infertile, specimen. Similarly, complete specimens corresponding to the hydroid previously referred to as Antennella megatheca Ansín Agís et al., 2009 are documented, allowing a provisional reallocation to Corhiza Millard, 1962 and a description of its so far unknown gonothecae. Fertile material assignable to the poorly-known Monostaechas fisheri Nutting, 1905 allows the recognition of this hydroid as a valid species, distinct from M. quadridens (McCrady, 1859). Most taxa are illustrated to validate the reliability of their identifications. Finally, phylogenetic reconstructions of the families Aglaopheniidae, Plumulariidae, and Halopterididae, based on the 16S rRNA, allowed a first genetic characterization of some of the species dealt with in this work.

scholarly journals Comparative Cytogenetics Analysis Among Peckoltia Species (Siluriformes, Loricariidae): Insights on Karyotype Evolution and Biogeography in the Amazon Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Santos da Silva ◽  
Augusto Cesar Paes de Souza ◽  
Ananda Marques Pety ◽  
Renata Coelho Rodrigues Noronha ◽  
Marcelo Ricardo Vicari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Karyotype Evolution ◽  
5S Rdna ◽  
Nucleolus Organizer ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Comparative Cytogenetics ◽  
Telomeric Sequences ◽  
Nucleolus Organizer Regions ◽  
Karyotype Formula ◽  
Distal Location

Peckoltia is widely distributed genus in the Amazon and Orinoco basins and the Guiana Shield, containing 18 valid species, and distinct morphotypes still needing description in the scientific literature due to its great taxonomic complexity. This study performed a comparative chromosomal analysis of two undescribed Peckoltia species (Peckoltia sp. 3 Jarumã and Peckoltia sp. 4 Caripetuba) from the Brazilian Amazon using conventional chromosome bands methods and in situ localization of the repetitive DNA (5S and 18S rRNA and U1 snRNA genes and telomeric sequences). Both species presented 2n = 52 but differed in their karyotype formula, probably due to inversions or translocations. The nucleolus organizer regions (NORs) showed distal location on a probably homeologous submetacentric pair in both species, besides an extra signal in a subtelocentric chromosome in Peckoltia sp. 4 Caripetuba. Heterochromatin occurred in large blocks, with different distributions in the species. The mapping of the 18S and 5S rDNA, and U1 snDNA showed differences in locations and number of sites. No interstitial telomeric sites were detected using the (TTAGGG)n probes. Despite 2n conservationism in Peckoltia species, the results showed variation in karyotype formulas, chromosomal bands, and locations of repetitive sites, demonstrating great chromosomal diversity. A proposal for Peckoltia karyotype evolution was inferred in this study based on the diversity of location and number of chromosomal markers analyzed. A comparative analysis with other Peckoltia karyotypes described in the literature, their biogeography patterns, and molecular phylogeny led to the hypothesis that the derived karyotype was raised in the left bank of the Amazon River.

scholarly journals Contributions to the systematic of Pimelodidae (Osteichthyes, Siluriformes): basic and molecular cytogenetics on seven species of Pimelodus from three Brazilian hydrographic systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone C. Girardi ◽  
Carla S. Pavanelli ◽  
Vladimir P. Margarido
Keyword(s):  
18S Rdna ◽  
Molecular Cytogenetics ◽  
5S Rdna ◽  
Neotropical Region ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Rdna Sites ◽  
The Family ◽  
Rdna Fish ◽  
Pimelodus Maculatus ◽  
Cytogenetic Methods

ABSTRACT Pimelodidae harbors several species and is widely distributed throughout the Neotropical region. Pimelodus is the genus with the largest number of species, however it is a polyphyletic group. Cytogenetic analyzes of the valid species still covers less than half of them. Herein, seven Pimelodus species from three Brazilian hydrographic systems were analyzed through basic (Giemsa, AgNORs and C banding) and molecular (5S and 18S rDNA-FISH) cytogenetic methods. All species had 2n=56 chromosomes with different karyotype formulas observed among the species. AgNORs were corresponding to 18S rDNA and localized on long arm of one chromosome pair in all species. Heterochromatin distribution follows the pattern commonly verified in the family and allows to identify each one of the studied species. 5S rDNA marker was interspecifically variable in number and position of cistrons. Pimelodus ortmanni had B chromosomes varying intra and inter-individually. We performed a discussion on our own and available cytogenetic data for Pimelodidae, and the associating of them with available phylogeny enable us identifying features that distinguish subgroups within Pimelodidae, such as NORs location (terminal/long arm for species belonging to “Iheringichthys-Parapimelodus” and “Pimelodus maculatus” subclades) and location of 5S rDNA sites (pericentromeric/interstitial/ long arm for species belonging to Pimelodus group).

scholarly journals Mitochondrial genome characterization of the family Trigonidiidae (Orthoptera) reveals novel structural features and nad1 transcript ends

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuan Ma ◽  
Yeying Wang ◽  
Licui Zhang ◽  
Jianke Li
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
Stop Codon ◽  
Intergenic Spacer ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Stem Loop ◽  
The Family ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractThe Trigonidiidae, a family of crickets, comprises 981 valid species with only one mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) sequenced to date. To explore mitogenome features of Trigonidiidae, six mitogenomes from its two subfamilies (Nemobiinae and Trigonidiinae) were determined. Two types of gene rearrangements involving a trnN-trnS1-trnE inversion and a trnV shuffling were shared by Trigonidiidae. A long intergenic spacer was observed between trnQ and trnM in Trigonidiinae (210−369 bp) and Nemobiinae (80–216 bp), which was capable of forming extensive stem-loop secondary structures in Trigonidiinae but not in Nemobiinae. The anticodon of trnS1 was TCT in Trigonidiinae, rather than GCT in Nemobiinae and other related subfamilies. There was no overlap between nad4 and nad4l in Dianemobius, as opposed to a conserved 7-bp overlap commonly found in insects. Furthermore, combined comparative analysis and transcript verification revealed that nad1 transcripts ended with a U, corresponding to the T immediately preceding a conserved motif GAGAC in the superfamily Grylloidea, plus poly-A tails. The resultant UAA served as a stop codon for species lacking full stop codons upstream of the motif. Our findings gain novel understanding of mitogenome structural diversity and provide insight into accurate mitogenome annotation.

scholarly journals Karyotypic diversity between allopatric populations of the group Hoplias malabaricus (Characiformes: Erythrinidae): evolutionary and biogeographic considerations

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 361-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Rodrigues Blanco ◽  
Roberto Laridondo Lui ◽  
Luiz Antonio Carlos Bertollo ◽  
Vladimir Pavan Margarido ◽  
Orlando Moreira Filho
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization ◽  
5S Rdna ◽  
Geographic Isolation ◽  
Hoplias Malabaricus ◽  
Allopatric Populations ◽  
Karyotypic Diversity ◽  
Cytogenetic Methods

Three populations of the group Hoplias malabaricus from the hydrographic basins of the São Francisco, Araguaia/Tocantins and Xingu Rivers in Brazil were analyzed using classic cytogenetic methods (Giemsa staining, C-banding and Ag-NORs) and molecular methods (fluorescent in situ hybridization with 18S rDNA, 5S rDNA and 5SHindIII satellite DNA probes). The chromosome markers allowed the characterization of these populations as belonging to karyomorph A and the detection of inter-population divergences. These differences likely stem from different evolutionary histories resulting from geographic isolation between populations associated to the dispersive mode of these organisms, reinforcing genetic diversity in the group Hoplias malabaricus.

scholarly journals Comparative cytogenetics of Serrasalmidae (Teleostei: Characiformes): The relationship between chromosomal evolution and molecular phylogenies

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. e0258003
Author(s):  
Ramon Marin Favarato ◽  
Leila Braga Ribeiro ◽  
Alber Campos ◽  
Jorge Ivan Rebelo Porto ◽  
Celeste Mutuko Nakayama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Chromosomal Rearrangements ◽  
5S Rdna ◽  
Chromosomal Evolution ◽  
Comparative Cytogenetics ◽  
Molecular Cytogenetic ◽  
The Family ◽  
Identification Of Species ◽  
Molecular Cytogenetic Techniques ◽  
The Relationship

Serrasalmidae has high morphological and chromosomal diversity. Based on molecular hypotheses, the family is currently divided into two subfamilies, Colossomatinae and Serrasalminae, with Serrasalminae composed of two tribes: Myleini (comprising most of pacus species) and Serrasalmini (represented by Metynnis, Catoprion, and remaining piranha’s genera). This study aimed to analyze species of the tribes Myleini (Myloplus asterias, M. lobatus, M. rubripinnis, M. schomburgki, and Tometes camunani) and Serrasalmini (Metynnis cuiaba, M. hypsauchen, and M. longipinnis) using classical and molecular cytogenetic techniques in order to understand the chromosomal evolution of the family. The four species of the genus Myloplus and T. camunani presented 2n = 58 chromosomes, while the species of Metynnis presented 2n = 62 chromosomes. The distribution of heterochromatin occurred predominantly in pericentromeric regions in all species. Tometes camunani and Myloplus spp. presented only one site with 5S rDNA. Multiple markers of 18S rDNA were observed in T. camunani, M. asterias, M. lobatus, M. rubripinnis, and M. schomburgkii. For Metynnis, however, synteny of the 18S and 5S rDNA was observed in the three species, in addition to an additional 5S marker in M. longipinnis. These data, when superimposed on the phylogeny of the family, suggest a tendency to increase the diploid chromosome number from 54 to 62 chromosomes, which occurred in a nonlinear manner and is the result of several chromosomal rearrangements. In addition, the different karyotype formulas and locations of ribosomal sequences can be used as cytotaxonomic markers and assist in the identification of species.

scholarly journals Differential hypomethylation of the repetitive Tol2/Alu-rich sequences in the genome of Bodianus species (Labriformes, Labridae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clóvis C. Motta-Neto ◽  
André Marques ◽  
Gideão W.W.F. Costa ◽  
Marcelo B. Cioffi ◽  
Luiz A.C. Bertollo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromosomal Region ◽  
5S Rdna ◽  
Methylation Pattern ◽  
Metaphase Chromosomes ◽  
Rdna Sites ◽  
The Family ◽  
Secondary Constrictions

Representatives of the order Labriformes show karyotypes of extreme conservatism together with others with high chromosomal diversification. However, the cytological characterization of epigenetic modifications remains unknown for the majority of the species. In the family Labridae, the most abundant fishes on tropical reefs, the genomes of the genus Bodianus Bloch, 1790 have been characterized by the occurrence of a peculiar chromosomal region, here denominated BOD. This region is exceptionally decondensed, heterochromatic, argentophilic, GC-neutral and, in contrast to classical secondary constrictions, shows no signals of hybridization with 18S rDNA probes. In order to characterize the BOD region, the methylation pattern, the distribution of Alu and Tol2 retrotransposons and of 18S and 5S rDNA sites, respectively, were analyzed by Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) on metaphase chromosomes of two Bodianus species, B.insularis Gomon & Lubbock, 1980 and B.pulchellus (Poey, 1860). Immunolocalization of the 5-methylcytosine revealed hypermethylated chromosomal regions, dispersed along the entire length of the chromosomes of both species, while the BOD regions exhibited a hypomethylated pattern. Hypomethylation of the BOD region is associated with the precise co-location of Tol2 and Alu elements, suggesting their active participation in the regulatory epigenetic process. This evidence underscores a probable differential methylation action during the cell cycle, as well as the role of Tol2/Alu elements in functional processes of fish genomes.

Prothrombin Metz : Purification and Characterization of a Variant of Human Prothrombin

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Ribieto ◽  
J Elion ◽  
D Labie ◽  
F Josso
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Factor Xa ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel ◽  
Cleavage Pattern ◽  
Purification And Characterization ◽  
Double Immunodiffusion ◽  
The Family

For the purification of the abnormal prothrombin (Pt Metz), advantage has been taken of the existence in the family of three siblings who, being double heterozygotes for Pt Metz and a hypoprothrombinemia, have no normal Pt. Purification procedures included barium citrate adsorption and chromatography on DEAE Sephadex as for normal Pt. As opposed to some other variants (Pt Barcelona and Madrid), Pt Metz elutes as a single symetrical peak. By SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, this material is homogeneous and appears to have the same molecular weight as normal Pt. Comigration of normal and abnormal Pt in the absence of SDS, shows a double band suggesting an abnormal charge for the variant. Pt Metz exhibits an identity reaction with the control by double immunodiffusion. Upon activation by factor Xa, Pt Metz can generate amydolytic activity on Bz-Phe-Val-Arg-pNa (S2160), but only a very low clotting activity. Clear abnormalities are observed in the cleavage pattern of Pt Metz when monitored by SDS gel electrophoresis. The main feature are the accumulation of prethrombin l (Pl) and the appearance of abnormal intermediates migrating faster than Pl.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document