Ophiostomatoid species associated with pine trees (Pinus spp.) infested by Cryphalus piceae from eastern China, including five new species

Cryphalus piceae attacks various economically important conifers. Similar to other bark beetles, Cr. piceae plays a role as a vector for an assortment of fungi and nematodes. Previously, several ophiostomatoid fungi were isolated from Cr. piceae in Poland and Japan. In the present study, we explored the diversity of ophiostomatoid fungi associated with Cr. piceae infesting pines in the Shandong Province of China. We isolated ophiostomatoid fungi from both galleries and beetles collected from our study sites. These fungal isolates were identified using both molecular and morphological data. In this study, we recovered 175 isolates of ophiostomatoid fungi representing seven species. Ophiostoma ips was the most frequently isolated species. Molecular and morphological data indicated that five ophiostomatoid fungal species recovered were previously undescribed. Thus, we proposed these five novel species as Ceratocystiopsis yantaiensis, C. weihaiensis, Graphilbum translucens, Gr. niveum, and Sporothrix villosa. These new ophiostomatoid fungi add to the increasing number of fungi known from China, and this evidence suggests that numerous novel taxa are awaiting discovery in other forests of China.

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Ophiostomatoid Fungi Associated with Cryphalus Piceae in Shandong province in eastern China

10.21203/rs.3.rs-571806/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Runlei Chang ◽

Xiuyu Zhang ◽

Hongli Si ◽

Guoyan Zhao ◽

Xiaowen Yuan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bark Beetles ◽

Novel Species ◽

Eastern China ◽

Fungal Species ◽

Shandong Province ◽

Morphological Data ◽

Ophiostomatoid Fungi ◽

Fungal Isolates ◽

Study Sites ◽

Isolated Species

Abstract Cryphalus piceae parasitizes various economically important conifers. Similar to other bark beetles, C. picea vectors an assortment of fungi and nematodes. Previously, several ophiostomatoid fungi were isolated from C. piceae in Poland and Japan. In the present study, we explored the diversity of ophiostomatoid fungi associated with C. piceae infesting pines in the Shandong Province of China. We isolated ophiostomatoid fungi from both galleries and beetles collected from our study sites. These fungal isolates were identified using both molecular and morphological data. Through this study, we recovered 176 isolates of ophiostomatoid fungi representing at least seven species. Ophiostoma ips was the most frequently isolated species. Analyses of molecular and morphological data indicated four of the ophiostomatoid fungal species recovered in this study were previously undescribed. Hereby, we described these species as Ceratocystiopsis yantaiensis sp. nov., C. weihaiensis sp. nov., Graphilbum translucens sp. nov. and Sporothrix villosa sp. nov. A majority of the ophiostomatoid fungi recovered in this study were novel species. This suggests that the forests in China harbour an assortment of undescribed ophiostomatoid fungi yet to be discovered.

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The role of autoxidation of α-pinene in the production of pheromones of Dendroctonusponderosae (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x89-194 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 19 (10) ◽

pp. 1275-1282 ◽

Cited By ~ 62

Author(s):

D. W. A. Hunt ◽

J. H. Borden ◽

B. S. Lindgren ◽

G. Gries

Keyword(s):

Bark Beetle ◽

Bark Beetles ◽

Mountain Pine Beetle ◽

Behavioral Activity ◽

Atmospheric Conditions ◽

Ambient Conditions ◽

Oxygenated Compounds ◽

Pine Trees ◽

Antiaggregation Pheromone ◽

Pinus Spp

The monoterpene α-pinene, a major component of the terpene composition of Pinus spp., has been reported to act as a host-produced kairomone for a variety of bark beetle species, including the mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonusponderosae Hopkins. However, our experiments indicate that α-pinene autoxidizes under normal temperature and atmospheric conditions to form significant quantities of trans-verbenol, an aggregation pheromone for many species of bark beetles. The quantities of α-pinene present in the resin that can flow from small wounds in pine trees appear to be sufficient to produce trans-verbenol at rates similar to those by female beetles that are actively synthesizing the compound.trans-Verbenol can then autoxidize rapidly to form verbenone, with the content of this compound reaching 8% within 13 weeks of exposure to air. Verbenone is often used by scolytids as an antiaggregation pheromone. Approximately 1.9% of the trans-verbenol and 2.7% of the verbenone found in Porapak Q aerations of phloem with boring spruce beetle, Dendroctonusrufipennis (Kirby), females, as well as 0.8% of the trans-verbenol and 0.8% of the verbenone found in aerations of phloem with boring D. ponderosae females, was due to the autoxidation of α-pinene and (or) the release of oxygenated compounds found in the phloem before bark beetle attack. The natural interconversion of α-pinene, trans-verbenol, and verbenone under ambient conditions suggests that many experiments involving the behavioral activity of these compounds require re-evaluation.

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Mongolian pine forest decline by the combinatory effect of European woodwasp and plant pathogenic fungi

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-98795-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Lixiang Wang ◽

Chunchun Li ◽

Youqing Luo ◽

Lili Ren ◽

Ning Lv ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fungal Infection ◽

Bark Beetles ◽

Pathogenic Fungus ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Fungal Endophyte ◽

Fungal Species ◽

Fungal Communities ◽

Sirex Noctilio ◽

Pine Trees ◽

Pine Decline

AbstractInteractions between the decline of Mongolian pine woodlands and fungal communities and invasive pests in northeastern China are poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the fungal communities occurring in three tree samples: the woodwasp Sirex noctilio infested, healthy uninfested and unhealthy uninfested Mongolian pine trees. We analyzed the relationships of the Mongolian pine decline with fungal infection and woodwasp infestation. Twenty-six fungal species were identified from the sampled trees. Each tree sample harbored a fungal endophyte community with a unique structure. Pathogenic fungi richness was four times higher in infested and unhealthy un-infested trees compared to that in healthy uninfested trees. Sphaeropsis sapinea was the most dominant pathogenic fungus in the sampled Mongolian pine trees. The number of S. noctilio was higher than native bark beetles in the declining Mongolian pine trees. The invasion of the woodwasp appeared to be promoted by the fungal infection in the Mongolian pine trees. The incidence of S. noctilio infestation was higher in the fungi infected trees (83.22%) than those without infection (38.72%). S. sapinea population exhibited positive associations with within-tree colonization of S. noctilio and bark beetle. Collectively, these data indicate that the fungal disease may have caused as the initial reason the decline of the Mongolian pine trees, and also provided convenient conditions for the successful colonization of the woodwasp. The woodwasps attack the Mongolian pine trees infected by fungi and accelerated its decline.

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Diversity of ophiostomatoid fungi associated with bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) colonizing branches of Norway spruce (Picea abies) in southern Poland

Biologia ◽

10.2478/s11756-009-0188-2 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 64 (6) ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Robert Jankowiak ◽

Magdalena Kacprzyk ◽

Marta Młynarczyk

Keyword(s):

Picea Abies ◽

Norway Spruce ◽

Bark Beetles ◽

Fungal Species ◽

Ips Typographus ◽

Ophiostomatoid Fungi ◽

Southern Poland ◽

Fungal Associates ◽

Ceratocystis Polonica ◽

Fungal Associate

AbstractBark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) infesting Norway spruce trees are known to be associated with fungi, especially species of Ophiostoma sensu lato and Ceratocystis. However, very little is known about these fungi in Poland. In this study, we examined the ophiostomatoid species associated with seven species of bark beetles developing in Norway spruce (Picea abies). Fungi were isolated from the beetles and their galleries at ten sites in southern Poland. We identified a total of 2,769 fungal isolates that belong to 19 ophiostomatoid species. These 19 species included a total of 16 associations between fungi and bark beetles that had not been previously recorded. The isolated fungal species were similar to those previously reported. The species spectrum and relative abundance of fungal associates were similar in seven bark beetle species, despite some differences between species. Except for Pityophthorus pityographus, all bark beetles species were frequently associated with ophiostomatoid fungi. The most commonly encountered fungal associates of bark beetles were the following: Ophiostoma ainoae, O. bicolor, O. piceae sensu lato and Grosmannia piceiperda. The results support the hypothesis that pathogenic ophiostomatoid fungi are important for aggressive bark beetles to kill trees. The most virulent fungal associate of bark beetles, Ceratocystis polonica was most commonly associated with Ips typographus. The most frequent ophiostomatoid species isolated from the beetles and galleries of P. pityographus were O. ainoae and Graphium fimbriisporum.

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Ophiostomatoid fungi vectored by bark beetles and colonizing trees of Pinus sylvestris in Sumy region (Ukraine)

Наукові праці Лісівничої академії наук України ◽

10.15421/412022 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 22-29

Author(s):

Kateryna Davydenko ◽

Denys Baturkin

Keyword(s):

Pinus Sylvestris ◽

Scots Pine ◽

Bark Beetle ◽

Dna Sequences ◽

Bark Beetles ◽

Forest Damage ◽

Ophiostomatoid Fungi ◽

Primary Role ◽

Pine Seedlings ◽

Pine Trees

K. Davydenko[1], D. Baturkin[2] Intensive mortality of Pinus sylvestris trees has recently been observed in the Sumy region in eastern Ukraine. There are two pine bark beetle species (Ips acuminatus and Ips sexdentatus), which spread resulted in considerable forest damage in Ukraine. The study of ophiostomatoid fungi vectored by bark beetles is very important to assess total harm of these insects. Therefore, the aim of our research was i) to identify ophiostomatoid fungi associated with weakened and dying Scots pine trees infested by bark beetles in the Sumy region; ii) to test the pathogenicity of these ophiostomatoid fungi to evaluate their potential threat to Scots pine. The fungi were isolated from bark beetle galleries and identified based on morphological properties and DNA sequences. In total, eight ophiostomatoid fungi (Graphium sp., Grosmannia sp.1, Ophiostoma bicolor, O. ips, O. canum, O. piceae, O. minus, Ophiostoma sp.1) were isolated from Scots pine trees infested by bark beetles. Scots pine seedlings were inoculated with eight fungi and sterile medium (control) to evaluate their pathogenicity. The inoculated seedlings were examined finally in 6 month after inoculation. Inoculation with O. minus produced significantly largest lesions and only this fungus caused mortality of pine seedlings. In total, all eight fungal species inoculated caused resin exudation and staining the bark around inoculations in Scots pine seedlings and five fungi caused different rate of seedlings decline. The size of stained sapwood was also greater following O. minus inoculations than other fungi or the control. All ophiostomatoid fungi caused significantly longer necrotic lesions and more occlusions in the sapwood than the controls. Therefore, based on the ability of various ophiostomatoid fungi to weaken and kill pine seedlings and stain sapwood, O. minus was the most dangerous species for Scots pine trees, followed by Graphium sp. and Ophiostoma sp.1. The occurrence of ophiostmatoid fungi in the sapwood of Scots pine is consistent with the concept of their primary role in the colonization of the fresh sapwood of trees in the succession of microorganisms during wood decay.

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Excavation of Red Squirrel (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) Middens by Bears (Ursus spp.) in Limber Pine (Pinus flexilis) Habitat in Banff National Park, Alberta

The Canadian Field-Naturalist ◽

10.22621/cfn.v130i4.1918 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 130 (4) ◽

pp. 281 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

David Hamer

Keyword(s):

National Park ◽

Forest Cover ◽

Habitat Characteristics ◽

Tamiasciurus Hudsonicus ◽

Red Squirrel ◽

Limber Pine ◽

Banff National Park ◽

Pine Stands ◽

Study Sites ◽

Pinus Spp

Bears (Ursus spp.) in North America eat the seeds of several pines (Pinus spp.), including Limber Pine (P. flexilis E. James). Information on use of Limber Pine in Canada is limited to a report of three bear scats containing pine seeds found in Limber Pine stands of southwestern Alberta. After my preliminary fieldwork in Banff National Park revealed that bears were eating seeds of Limber Pine there, I conducted a field study in 2014–2015 to assess this use. Because bears typically obtain pine seeds from cone caches (middens) made by Red Squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus), I described the abundance, habitat characteristics, and use by bears of Red Squirrel middens in and adjacent to Limber Pine stands at six study sites. On Bow River escarpments, I found abundant Limber Pines (basal area 1–9 m2/ha) and middens (0.8 middens/ha, standard deviation [SD] 0.2). Of 24 middens, 13 (54%) had been excavated by bears, and three bear scats composed of pine seeds were found beside middens. Although Limber Pines occurred on steep, xeric, windswept slopes (mean 28°, SD 3), middens occurred on moderate slopes (mean 12°, SD 3) in escarpment gullies and at the toe of slopes in forests of other species, particularly Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii). At the five other study sites, I found little or no use of Limber Pine seeds by bears, suggesting that Limber Pine habitat may be little used by bears unless the pines are interspersed with (non-Limber Pine) habitat with greater forest cover and less-steep slopes where squirrels establish middens. These observations provide managers with an additional piece of information regarding potential drivers of bear activity in the human-dominated landscape of Banff National Park’s lower Bow Valley.

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A comparative characteristic of fungal communities associated with Ips acuminatus in different regions of Ukraine

Наукові праці Лісівничої академії наук України ◽

10.15421/411912 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 118-128

Author(s):

Kateryna Davydenko

Keyword(s):

Bark Beetle ◽

Fungal Community ◽

Bark Beetles ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Pine Forest ◽

Comparative Characteristic ◽

Ophiostomatoid Fungi ◽

Decay Fungi ◽

Sphaeropsis Sapinea

Pine bark beetles are typically associated with complexes of fungi that could reveal different functional interaction. Thus, previously nonaggressive bark beetle Ips acuminatus is considering now to be among the most serious pests of pine forest in Ukraine and other European countries and vectored fungal community is very important to assess total harm of this bark beetle. The aim of this study was to reveal the vectored fungal community associated with the pine engraver beetle, I. acuminatus with special emphasis on pathogenic fungi for further evaluation of harm bark-beetle - fungi association for Ukrainian forest. In total, 288 adult beetles were collected from Scots pine trees at six different sites through Ukraine. DNA sequencing as fungal culturing from all beetles resulted in 1681 isolates and amplicons representing 42 fungal taxa. NCBI BLAST search revealed that the overall fungal community was composed of 94 species, of which 80.85% were Ascomycota, followed by Basidiomycota and unidentified fungal group, which accounted for 10.6% and 8.5 % of the total sequences, respectively. Among these, the most commonly detected fungi for pooling dataset were Sphaeropsis sapinea (23.6%), Cladosporium pini-ponderosae (19.44%), Ophiostoma ips (19.1%), Ophiostoma canum (19.1%) and Cladobotryum mycophilum (18.06%). In the pooled dataset of isolates and amplicons for each site, Shannon diversity indices ranged between 1.9 and 2.9 while Simpson diversity index varied between 0.69 and 0.89 indicating rich species diversity. In total twelve ophiostomatoid species were detected. All ophiostomatoid fungi were showing varying degrees of virulence and O. minus was the most aggressive fungus in previous studies. It is concluded that I. acuminatus vectors a species-rich fungal community including pathogens such as ophiostomatoid fungi, Sphaeropsis sapinea, different needle pathogens and wood decay fungi that seems to be very important for the assessment of threat of I. acuminatus to the pine forest in Ukraine.

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Ophiostomatoid fungi associated with the spruce bark beetle Ips typographus, including 11 new species from China

Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi ◽

10.3767/persoonia.2019.42.03 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 42 (1) ◽

pp. 50-74 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

R. Chang ◽

T.A. Duong ◽

S.J. Taerum ◽

M.J. Wingfield ◽

X. Zhou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bark Beetle ◽

Dna Sequences ◽

Eastern China ◽

Strong Association ◽

Ips Typographus ◽

Invasion History ◽

Ophiostomatoid Fungi ◽

Population Structures ◽

Fungal Assemblages ◽

China And Japan

Ips typographus (Coleoptera, Scolytinae) is a spruce-infesting bark beetle that occurs throughout Europe and Asia. The beetle can cause considerable damage, especially when colonized trees are stressed and beetle populations increase. Although some studies have shown that populations of I. typographus in Europe, China and Japan are genetically distinct, these populations are biologically similar, including a strong association with ophiostomatoid fungi. To date, only two Leptographium spp. have been reported from the beetle in China, while 40 species have been reported from Europe and 13 from Japan. The aims of this study were to identify the ophiostomatoid fungal associates of I. typographus in north-eastern China, and to determine whether the fungal assemblages reflect the different geographical populations of the beetle. Field surveys in Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces yielded a total of 1046 fungal isolates from 145 beetles and 178 galleries. Isolates were grouped based on morphology and representatives of each group were identified using DNA sequences of the ribosomal LSU, ITS, β-tubulin, calmodulin and elongation factor 1-α gene regions. A total of 23 species of ophiostomatoid fungi were identified, including 12 previously described species and 11 novel species, all of which are described here. The dominant species were Ophiostoma bicolor, Leptographium taigense and Grosmannia piceiperda D, representing 40.5 %, 27.8 % and 17.8 % of the isolates, respectively. Comparisons of species from China, Europe and Japan are complicated by the fact that some of the European and all the Japanese species were identified based only on morphology. However, assuming that those identifications are correct, five species were shared between Europe, Japan and China, two species were shared between China and Japan, five between Europe and China, and two between Europe and Japan. Consequently, Ips typographus populations in these different geographic areas have different fungal assemblages, suggesting that the majority of these beetle-associations are promiscuous. The results also suggested that the symbionts of the bark beetle do not reflect the population structures of the beetle. The use of fungal symbiont assemblages to infer population structures and invasion history of its vectors should thus be interpreted with circumspection.

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