scholarly journals The history and typification of Lilium humboldtii J.H.Krelage (Liliaceae)

PhytoKeys ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 182 ◽  
pp. 39-55
Author(s):  
James Compton ◽  
Mark W. Skinner
Keyword(s):  
History Of ◽  
Initial Discovery

The history of the Californian Lilium humboldtii J.H.Krelage, its initial discovery and confusion in literature over its collection, distribution and naming are discussed. Neotypes are designated for the names Lilium humboldtii and Lilium bloomerianum Kellogg. Lectotypes are designated for the names Lilium canadense var. puberulum Torr. and L. bloomerianum var. ocellatum Kellogg.

scholarly journals Pathogens and glioma: a history of unexpected discoveries ushering in novel therapy

2018 ◽  
Vol 128 (4) ◽  
pp. 1139-1146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashish H. Shah ◽  
Ignacio Jusué-Torres ◽  
Michael E. Ivan ◽  
Ricardo J. Komotar ◽  
Noriyuki Kasahara
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Tumor Regression ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Novel Therapy ◽  
Concomitant Infection ◽  
Molecular Oncology ◽  
History Of ◽  
Initial Discovery ◽  
The Creation

In the late 19th century, Dr. William B. Coley introduced the theory that infections may aid in the treatment of malignancy. With the creation of Coley’s toxin, reports of remission during viral illnesses for systemic malignancies soon emerged. A few decades after this initial discovery, Austrian physicians performed intravascular injections of Clostridium to induce oncolysis in patients with glioblastoma. Since then, suggestions between improved survival and infectious processes have been reported in several patients with glioma, which ultimately marshaled the infamous use of intracerebral Enterobacter. These early observations of tumor regression and concomitant infection piloted a burgeoning field focusing on the use of pathogens in molecular oncology.

scholarly journals Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells in Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross E. B. Fitzsimmons ◽  
Matthew S. Mazurek ◽  
Agnes Soos ◽  
Craig A. Simmons
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Initial Discovery ◽  
Stromal Stem Cells

As a result of over five decades of investigation, mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as a versatile and frequently utilized cell source in the fields of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. In this review, we summarize the history of MSC research from the initial discovery of their multipotency to the more recent recognition of their perivascular identity in vivo and their extraordinary capacity for immunomodulation and angiogenic signaling. As well, we discuss long-standing questions regarding their developmental origins and their capacity for differentiation toward a range of cell lineages. We also highlight important considerations and potential risks involved with their isolation, ex vivo expansion, and clinical use. Overall, this review aims to serve as an overview of the breadth of research that has demonstrated the utility of MSCs in a wide range of clinical contexts and continues to unravel the mechanisms by which these cells exert their therapeutic effects.

Palaeolithic Western and North Central Europe

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Pettitt
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Upper Palaeolithic ◽  
North Central ◽  
Widespread Occurrence ◽  
History Of Interpretation ◽  
Current Thinking ◽  
History Of ◽  
Initial Discovery ◽  
North Central Europe ◽  
Early Upper

Since their initial discovery in the nineteenth century, human figurines have formed a noticeable part of the artistic record of the 30,000 years of the European Upper Palaeolithic. Some figurines—particularly the ‘Venuses’ of the Mid-Upper Palaeolithic (Gravettian sensu lato)—have long served as icons of Upper Palaeolithic cultural achievement. This chapter reviews our current understanding of figurines of western and North Central Europe. Their first manifestation is with a few enigmatic examples during the Early Upper Palaeolithic (Aurignacian) of southwest Germany. A far more visible and geographically widespread manifestation comes with the Mid-Upper Palaeolithic Venus figurines, and a similarly widespread occurrence comes with the highly schematic side-profile outlines of the Gönnersdorf type, which belong to the Middle and Late Magdalenian. The history of interpretation and current thinking of these figurine horizons is discussed in this chapter, which should be read in conjunction with Chapter 30 (Farbstein).

scholarly journals Distinguishing bipolar from unipolar depression: the importance of clinical symptoms and illness features

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (11) ◽  
pp. 2437-2446 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Leonpacher ◽  
D. Liebers ◽  
M. Pirooznia ◽  
D. Jancic ◽  
D. F. MacKinnon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Features ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Unipolar Depression ◽  
Psychomotor Retardation ◽  
Diagnostic Biomarkers ◽  
Independent Dataset ◽  
Diagnostic Categories ◽  
History Of ◽  
Initial Discovery

BackgroundDistinguishing bipolar disorder (BP) from major depressive disorder (MDD) has important relevance for prognosis and treatment. Prior studies have identified clinical features that differ between these two diseases but have been limited by heterogeneity and lack of replication. We sought to identify depression-related features that distinguish BP from MDD in large samples with replication.MethodUsing a large, opportunistically ascertained collection of subjects with BP and MDD we selected 34 depression-related clinical features to test across the diagnostic categories in an initial discovery dataset consisting of 1228 subjects (386 BPI, 158 BPII and 684 MDD). Features significantly associated with BP were tested in an independent sample of 1000 BPI cases and 1000 MDD cases for classifying ability in receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.ResultsSeven clinical features showed significant association with BPI compared with MDD: delusions, psychomotor retardation, incapacitation, greater number of mixed symptoms, greater number of episodes, shorter episode length, and a history of experiencing a high after depression treatment. ROC analyses of a model including these seven factors showed significant evidence for discrimination between BPI and MDD in an independent dataset (area under the curve = 0.83). Only two features (number of mixed symptoms, and feeling high after an antidepressant) showed an association with BPII versus MDD.ConclusionsOur study suggests that clinical features distinguishing depression in BPI versus MDD have important classification potential for clinical practice, and should also be incorporated as ‘baseline’ features in the evaluation of novel diagnostic biomarkers.

The new frontier of genome engineering with CRISPR-Cas9

Science ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 346 (6213) ◽  
pp. 1258096 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer A. Doudna ◽  
Emmanuelle Charpentier
Keyword(s):  
Genome Engineering ◽  
Enzyme Mechanism ◽  
New Era ◽  
Bacterial Rna ◽  
New Frontier ◽  
Domains Of Life ◽  
History Of ◽  
Initial Discovery ◽  
The Way

The advent of facile genome engineering using the bacterial RNA-guided CRISPR-Cas9 system in animals and plants is transforming biology. We review the history of CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeat) biology from its initial discovery through the elucidation of the CRISPR-Cas9 enzyme mechanism, which has set the stage for remarkable developments using this technology to modify, regulate, or mark genomic loci in a wide variety of cells and organisms from all three domains of life. These results highlight a new era in which genomic manipulation is no longer a bottleneck to experiments, paving the way toward fundamental discoveries in biology, with applications in all branches of biotechnology, as well as strategies for human therapeutics.

Developments in DNA Profiling Techniques and Technologies

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl Allsop
Keyword(s):  
Dna Fingerprinting ◽  
Dna Profiling ◽  
Dna Profile ◽  
Genetic Profiling ◽  
History Of ◽  
Profiling Techniques ◽  
Initial Discovery ◽  
Close Relatives ◽  
Cold Case

This chapter provides a brief history of developments in genetic profiling, noting the advances in profiling techniques from the initial discovery by Sir Alec Jeffreys of what was then termed DNA ‘fingerprinting’ through to familial searching (that is, the ability to search the NDNAD for the DNA profile of potential close relatives of a suspect when the suspect’s DNA is not on the NDNAD). An overview of what DNA is, noting how individuals are identified and differentiated from each other, is explained in order to demonstrate how these progressive advances have benefited cold case reviews.

A History of Brain Asymmetry Studies

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen D. Christman
Keyword(s):  
Division Of Labor ◽  
Dichotic Listening ◽  
Hemispheric Specialization ◽  
Brain Asymmetry ◽  
Interhemispheric Interaction ◽  
Split Brain ◽  
History Of ◽  
Initial Discovery ◽  
Methodological Considerations

The history of the study of brain asymmetry and hemispheric specialization is reviewed, starting with Broca’s initial discovery of the left frontal basis for speech, continuing through Sperry’s work with “split-brain” patients, and ending with the componential approach that emerged in the 1980s in which the pursuit of an “ultimate dichotomy” underlying hemispheric specialization was finally abandoned and a new emphasis on hemispheric division of labor was introduced. Special emphasis is given to methodological considerations of the use of dichotic listening and tachistoscopic divided visual half-field paradigms. In addition, the topics of interhemispheric interaction and handedness are discussed, with a particular emphasis on the importance of conceptualizing handedness in terms of both direction (left versus right) and degree (strong/consistent versus mixed/inconsistent).

Pulsar Astronomy at Molonglo

1985 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. Manchester
Keyword(s):  
Current Observation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Initial Discovery

AbstractMolonglo Observatory has played an important role in pulsar astronomy from shortly after the initial discovery announcement in 1968 to the present. Its major contribution has been in the area of searches for new pulsars – for most of the 17-year period more than half of the known pulsars were Molonglo discoveries. The history of pulsar astronomy at Molonglo is reviewed and a brief account of current observation programs is given.

scholarly journals Global distribution of mcr gene variants in 214,095 metagenomic samples

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah-Marie Martiny ◽  
Patrick Munk ◽  
Christian Brinch ◽  
Judit Szarvas ◽  
Frank Aarestrup ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Metagenomic Data ◽  
Gene Variants ◽  
Genomic Context ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Metagenomic Study ◽  
Initial Discovery ◽  
Plasmid Replicons

Abstract Since the initial discovery of a mobilized colistin resistance gene (mcr-1), several other variants have been reported, some of which might have circulated a while before being discovered. Metagenomic data provides an opportunity to re-analyze available older data to understand the evolutionary history of recently discovered antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). Here, we present a large-scale metagenomic study of 442 Tbp of sequencing reads from 214,095 samples to identify the host and geographical distribution and genomic context of nine mcr gene variants (mcr-1 to mcr-9). Our results show that the dissemination of each variant is not uniform. Instead, the source and location play a role in the spread. Despite the very diverse distribution, the genomic background of the mcr genes remains unchanged as the same mobile genetic elements and plasmid replicons occur. This work emphasizes the importance of sharing genomic data for surveillance of ARGs in our fight against antimicrobial resistance.

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