scholarly journals Quantitative Evaluation of Neurological Disorders and Its Application to Regenerative Medicine in Near Future

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-67
Author(s):  
Shinji Kakei ◽  
Jongho Lee
Keyword(s):  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Quantitative Evaluation ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Near Future

scholarly journals GABAergic Neuronal Precursor Grafting: Implications in Brain Regeneration and Plasticity

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Alvarez Dolado ◽  
Vania Broccoli
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Normal Function ◽  
Inhibitory Neurons ◽  
Synaptic Connections ◽  
Cell Type Specificity ◽  
Brain Regeneration ◽  
Associated Functions ◽  
Promising Treatment ◽  
Neuronal Transplantation ◽  
Near Future

Numerous neurological disorders are caused by a dysfunction of the GABAergic system that impairs or either stimulates its inhibitory action over its neuronal targets. Pharmacological drugs have generally been proved very effective in restoring its normal function, but their lack of any sort of spatial or cell type specificity has created some limitations in their use. In the last decades, cell-based therapies using GABAergic neuronal grafts have emerged as a promising treatment, since they may restore the lost equilibrium by cellular replacement of the missing/altered inhibitory neurons or modulating the hyperactive excitatory system. In particular, the discovery that embryonic ganglionic eminence-derived GABAergic precursors are able to disperse and integrate in large areas of the host tissue after grafting has provided a strong rationale for exploiting their use for the treatment of diseased brains. GABAergic neuronal transplantation not only is efficacious to restore normal GABAergic activities but can also trigger or sustain high neuronal plasticity by promoting the general reorganization of local neuronal circuits adding new synaptic connections. These results cast new light on dynamics and plasticity of adult neuronal assemblies and their associated functions disclosing new therapeutic opportunities for the near future.

scholarly journals A Sex Perspective in Neurodegenerative Diseases: microRNAs as Possible Peripheral Biomarkers

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 4423
Author(s):  
Paola Piscopo ◽  
Maria Bellenghi ◽  
Valeria Manzini ◽  
Alessio Crestini ◽  
Giada Pontecorvi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Significant Variable ◽  
Patient Stratification ◽  
Literature Analysis ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Future Patient ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

Sex is a significant variable in the prevalence and incidence of neurological disorders. Sex differences exist in neurodegenerative disorders (NDs), where sex dimorphisms play important roles in the development and progression of Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. In the last few years, some sex specific biomarkers for the identification of NDs have been described and recent studies have suggested that microRNA (miRNA) could be included among these, as influenced by the hormonal and genetic background. Failing to consider the possible differences between males and females in miRNA evaluation could introduce a sex bias in studies by not considering some of these sex-related biomarkers. In this review, we recapitulate what is known about the sex-specific differences in peripheral miRNA levels in neurodegenerative diseases. Several studies have reported sex-linked disparities, and from the literature analysis miR-206 particularly has been shown to have a sex-specific involvement. Hopefully, in the near future, patient stratification will provide important additional clues in diagnosis, prognosis, and tailoring of the best therapeutic approaches for each patient. Sex-specific biomarkers, such as miRNAs, could represent a useful tool for characterizing subgroups of patients.

scholarly journals Small Ruminants and Its Use in Regenerative Medicine: Recent Works and Future Perspectives.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui D. Alvites ◽  
Mariana Vieira Branquinho ◽  
Ana Catarina Sousa ◽  
Bruna Lopes ◽  
Patrícia Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Medical Research ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Feeding Costs ◽  
Classical Models ◽  
Long Life ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Physiological Systems

Medical and translational scientific research requires the use of animal models as an initial approach to the study of new therapies and treatments, but when the objective is an exploration of translational potentialities, classical models fail to adequately mimic problems in humans. Among the larger animal models that have been explored more intensely in recent decades, small ruminants, namely sheep and goats, have emerged as excellent options. The main advantages associated to the use of these animals in research works are related to their anatomy and dimensions very similar to those of humans in most physiological systems, in addition to their low maintenance and feeding costs, tendency to be docile, long life expectancies and few ethical complications raised in society. The most obvious disadvantages are the significant differences in some systems such as the gastrointestinal, and the reduced amount of data that limits the comparison between works and the validation of the characterization essays. Despite everything, recently these species have been increasingly used as animal models for diseases in different systems, and the results obtained open doors for their more frequent and advantageous use in the future. The purpose of this review is to summarize the general principles related to the use of small ruminants as animal models, with focus on regenerative medicine, to group the most relevant works and results published recently and to highlight the potentials for the near future in medical research.

scholarly journals FOUR-DIMENSIONAL BIOPRINTING FOR REGENERATIVE MEDICINE: MECHANISMS TO INDUCE SHAPE VARIATION AND POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS

2019 ◽  
pp. 36-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Morouço
Keyword(s):  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Creative Thinking ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Shape Variation ◽  
Exciting Field ◽  
Testing Procedures ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Near Future

Regenerative medicine is an exciting field of research, in which significant steps are being taken that are leading to the translation of the technique into clinical practice. In the near future, it is expected that clinicians will have the opportunity to bioprint tissues and organs that closely mimic native human tissues. To do so, imaging of patients must be translated to digital models and then fabricated in a layer-by-layer fashion. The main aim of this review is to elaborate on the possible mechanisms that support four-dimensional bioprinting, as well as provide examples of current and future applications of the technology. This technology, considering time as the fourth dimension, emerged with the aim to develop bioactive functional constructs with programmed stimuli responses. The main idea is to have three-dimensional-printed constructs that are responsive to preplanned stimuli. With this review, the authors aim to provoke creative thinking, highlighting several issues that need to be addressed when reproducing such a complex network as the human body. The authors envision that there are some key features that need to be studied in the near future: printed constructs should be able to respond to different types of stimuli in a timely manner, bioreactors must be developed combining different types of automated stimuli and aiming to replicate the in vivo ecology, and adequate testing procedures must be developed to obtain a proper assessment of the constructs. The effective development of a printed construct that supports tissue maturation according to the anticipated stimuli will significantly advance this promising approach to regenerative medicine.

scholarly journals Stem Cell Applications in Regenerative Medicine for Neurological Disorders

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 631-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shih-Ping Liu ◽  
Ru-Huei Fu ◽  
Shyh-Jer Huang ◽  
Yu-Chuen Huang ◽  
Shih-Yin Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Neurological Disorders

scholarly journals Small Ruminants and Its Use in Regenerative Medicine: Recent Works and Future Perspectives

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 249
Author(s):  
Rui Damásio Alvites ◽  
Mariana Vieira Branquinho ◽  
Ana Catarina Sousa ◽  
Bruna Lopes ◽  
Patrícia Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Feeding Costs ◽  
Classical Models ◽  
Long Life ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Physiological Systems

Medical and translational scientific research requires the use of animal models as an initial approach to the study of new therapies and treatments, but when the objective is an exploration of translational potentialities, classical models fail to adequately mimic problems in humans. Among the larger animal models that have been explored more intensely in recent decades, small ruminants, namely sheep and goats, have emerged as excellent options. The main advantages associated to the use of these animals in research works are related to their anatomy and dimensions, larger than conventional laboratory animals, but very similar to those of humans in most physiological systems, in addition to their low maintenance and feeding costs, tendency to be docile, long life expectancies and few ethical complications raised in society. The most obvious disadvantages are the significant differences in some systems such as the gastrointestinal, and the reduced amount of data that limits the comparison between works and the validation of the characterization essays. Despite everything, recently these species have been increasingly used as animal models for diseases in different systems, and the results obtained open doors for their more frequent and advantageous use in the future. The purpose of this review is to summarize the general principles related to the use of small ruminants as animal models, with a focus on regenerative medicine, to group the most relevant works and results published recently and to highlight the potentials for the near future in medical research.

scholarly journals A gut feeling about stroke reveals gut-brain axis’ active role in homeostasis and dysbiosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 1132-1134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brooke Bonsack ◽  
Rays HY Jiang ◽  
Cesar V Borlongan
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Potential Application ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Cell Death Pathways ◽  
Therapeutic Outcomes ◽  
The Brain

Peripheral inflammatory responses accompany many neurological disorders, including stroke. The gut-brain axis opens new avenues in our understanding of stroke progression and abrogation of secondary cell death. Certain microbiomes, especially those related to inflammation, appear to closely reflect the homeostasis and dysbiosis of both the brain and the gut, suggesting their potential application as biomarkers and therapeutic targets. A paradigm shift from purely central towards incorporating peripheral sequestration of cell death pathways may improve stroke therapeutic outcomes. Recognizing this gut-brain axis as key to disease pathology and treatment is likely to usher innovative approaches in cell-based regenerative medicine for stroke.

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