Why Pairing LDI with De-Risking Glide Paths Produces Inferior Pension Fund Outcomes

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pension Fund ◽  
Pension Plan ◽  
Pension Funds ◽  
Conventional Wisdom ◽  
Alternative Solution ◽  
Credit Risks ◽  
Glide Path ◽  
Funded Status ◽  
Illiquid Assets ◽  
Glide Paths

Combining traditional Liability Driven Investment (LDI) with funded status responsive de-risking strategies involves inconsistent treatment of risks in these two elements of what has become a popular pension strategy. This inconsistency causes irreconcilable conflicts in their execution and imperils the positive pension fund outcome. This article provides a critique of the combined LDI/De-risking Glide Path strategy as currently implemented by many pension plan managers and also provides an example of an alternative solution that improves pension plan outcomes. Our prescription for the pension de-risking glide path approach differs from conventional wisdom, resulting in faster de-risking, without undesirable market betas that are unrelated to the liability. It also avoids illiquid assets that pension funds often gravitate toward in their quest for returns, takes fewer credit risks, and seeks more alpha risks.

Rethinking Pension Fund Investment Strategies

1994 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Richard Brownlee ◽  
S. Brooks Marsha
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Pension Fund ◽  
Pension Plan ◽  
Pension Funds ◽  
Investment Strategies ◽  
Fixed Income ◽  
Fixed Income Securities ◽  
Economic Entity ◽  
Tax Arbitrage ◽  
Fund Investment

This paper addresses the need for companies to reexamine their pension fund investment strategies because of certain changes that occurred during the 1980s that enhanced the attractiveness of fixed-income securities. Of primary importance was the issuance of a new pension accounting standard that substantially changed the determination of annual pension expense, pension plan asset and liability recognition, and pension footnote disclosures. Both the concepts and the information resulting from the pension standard have promoted a more integrative perspective of the relationship between pension funds and their corporate sponsors. This broadened perception of companies and their pension funds comprising a single economic entity has important financial consequences for corporate managements and capital providers. One such consequence pertains to pension portfolios. Fixed-income securities become a more desirable pension fund investment for two principal reasons: they reduce financial reporting risk without increasing economic risk and they are an integral component of corporate tax arbitrage, a strategy initially proposed by Fischer Black in the early 1980s.

Pension funds and value-based generational accounting

2003 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
EDUARD H. M. PONDS
Keyword(s):  
Risk Sharing ◽  
Pension Fund ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Pension Plan ◽  
Pension Funds ◽  
Defined Benefit ◽  
Funding Policy ◽  
Generational Accounting ◽  
Alternative Funding ◽  
Ex Post

The raison d'être of wage-indexed defined benefit pension funds is to provide insurance against standard-of-living risk after retirement, based on intergenerational risk sharing. Pension funds necessarily have to accept mismatch risk in providing this kind of insurance. Mismatch risk taken by the pension fund is risk for the fund's stakeholders. We combine the value-based approach and the method of generational accounting to analyze the economic value of the stakes of the different generations and the issue of who gains and who loses (transfers of value between generations) from alternative funding and indexation policies. Rules concerning the allocation of a funding surplus or funding shortage in particular are decisive to the direction and to the size of transfers of value between stakeholders. We put forward two criteria to evaluate alternative policies employed by pension funds: the funding policy and allocation rules must give an ex ante fair compensation for risk taken by generations and the sustainability of a pension plan must be checked with respect to ex post redistributive effects for current and future generations. Value-based generational accounting provides a tool for testing a pension fund policy for these two criteria.

Schweizer Wald als Geldanlage: Win-win-Strategie für Waldwirtschaft und Pensionskassen? (Essay) | Swiss forest as an investment opportunity: a win-win situation for both the forestry sector and pension funds? (Essay)

2011 ◽  
Vol 162 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-31
Author(s):  
Daniel Häuptli
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Pension Fund ◽  
Pension Funds ◽  
Literature Analysis ◽  
Forest Land ◽  
Investment Opportunity ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Monetary Value ◽  
Forestry Sector ◽  
The One

Could there be a win-win situation for both pension funds and the Swiss forestry sector? On the one hand, developments in the forestry sector suggest that the Swiss forest presents a new lucrative investment opportunity. If this is so, then pension funds could be particularly interested, as the low correlation between Swiss forest and other classes of investment, and the long investment periods involved are ideal for pension fund portfolios. On the other hand, large investments made by pension funds could mean that existing problems in Swiss forestry, in connection with its fragmented nature, could be more rapidly solved, and the potential for rationalization in the wood value chain could be fully realized. This would in turn make investments in the forest even more profitable. This hypothesis was investigated through a comprehensive literature analysis, yield calculations for private forestry enterprises of over 50 ha made by the Swiss Federal Office for Statistics 2004–2008, and an interview with the investments director of a large Swiss pension fund. Despite the optimistic assumption that the greater efficiency gained by the investment of pension funds into the forestry sector could lead to costs lower by 50% and a 20% increase in profits, the hypothesis must be rejected, because a calculated annual return of only 0.82% is too low for pension funds. The conclusion is that the price for forest land is high, and forest owners are not only interested in the monetary value of holding forest. Other immaterial values influence prices. It is suggested that a greater emphasis on socioscientific studies concerning the link between the price of forest land and the motivation to buy and sell forest could lead to some important findings.

The impact of adaptability on the competitiveness of non-State pension funds

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 2606-2636
Author(s):  
Ekaterina S. YAROVAYA
Keyword(s):  
Pension Fund ◽  
Pension Funds ◽  
High Variability ◽  
Current Time ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
State Pension ◽  
The Impact ◽  
State Pension Funds

Subject. This article deals with the analysis of competitiveness, which is an important component of the strategic management of a non-State pension fund. Objectives. The article aims to study the existing approaches to the analysis of competitiveness, determine the role of the indicator of adaptability of competitiveness of non-State pension funds in conditions of high variability of the external environment, and formulate recommendations for drawing up criteria for the enterprise competitiveness taking into account the specifics of the activities of the funds. Methods. For the study, I used analysis, and the systems, and structural and functional approaches. Results. The article defines and classifies the factors affecting the competitiveness of non-State pension funds in modern market conditions. It substantiates the influence of the indicator of adaptability on the competitiveness of non-State pension funds. The article also proposes an approach to ranking this indicator, which can be applied regardless of the chosen method for assessing the competitiveness of non-State pension funds. Conclusions. The article concludes that the testing of the assessment of the non-State pension fund competitiveness using the author-proposed adaptability indicator helps determine the level of non-State pension fund competitiveness at the current time, track the changes, and identify the existing problems, the causes of their occurrence, and thereby ensure the conditions under which the non-State pension fund has the opportunity to promptly respond and adapt to external changes thus ensuring its stability in the market.

Long-Term Rates of Interest in the Valuation of a Pension Fund

1976 ◽  
Vol 21 (03) ◽  
pp. 286-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. D. Daykin
Keyword(s):  
Pension Fund ◽  
Pension Funds ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Common Misconception ◽  
The Future

1. It seems to be a common misconception outside the actuarial profession that those within that illustrious body are mysteriously able to peer into their crystal balls and come up with prophetic answers about the future progress of pension funds, insurance companies and other allied matters. The appearance of an actuarial report with its air of finality and disclosure of a definite surplus, deficiency, bonus declaration or whatever it may be, only endorses the impression that the actuary is reporting on the unique and unquestionable answer to the problem in hand.

scholarly journals DETERMINANTS INFLUENCING PENSION FUND INVESTMENT PERFORMANCE IN KENYA

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Anthony Kyanesa Mutula ◽  
Dr. Assumptah Kagiri
Keyword(s):  
Pension Fund ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Model ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Pension Funds ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Investment Strategies ◽  
Investment Performance ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Fund Investment ◽  
Regulation Compliance

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to investigate the determinants influencing pension fund investment performance in Kenya.Methodology: The study employed a descriptive research design. The study target population was all the 33 registered pension funds in Kenya, and the sample size was 66 senior employees involved in decision making. The study adopted a census approach and therefore data was collected from all the 33 registered pension funds. A questionnaire was used to collect primary data from the selected respondents. The data collected was analyzed using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 23.0. The software was used to produce frequencies, descriptive and inferential statistics which was used to derive generalizations and conclusions regarding the population. Multiple linear regression model was used to measure the relationship between the independent variables and the dependent variable. The study findings were presented using figures and tables.Results: The study findings revealed a positive and significant relationship between diversification decisions, management competency, investment strategies, regulation compliance and investment performance of pension funds in Kenya.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommended that the management of pension funds should establish a strong organization structure and policy implementation, which will enhance their portfolio composition; the firms should have highly competent management; should incorporate investment literacy and capability programs in their organizations; and should continue adhering to the set regulations.

scholarly journals ANALISA PENCATATAN PEMOTONGAN IURAN DANA PENSIUN PT. POS INDONESIA CABANG MANADO

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia Imelda Mose ◽  
Inggriani Elim
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Pension Fund ◽  
Pension Funds ◽  
Civil Servants ◽  
Financial Condition ◽  
Retirement Funds ◽  
Pension Contribution ◽  
Descriptive Method ◽  
Made In

Everyone wants a prosperous life in old age. In the 1970s, people race to sign civil servants because only civil servants who have the assurance of a pension fund. However, in the 1990s after the issuance of Law No. 11 of 1992 on retirement funds, pension funds had not confined to civil servants but also the private sector employees. The purpose of this study was to determine the recording of deducting pension contributions PT. Pos Indonesia Cabang Manado. The analytical method used was descriptive method starts with collecting relevant data with research, analyzes how the recording of deduction contributions to pension funds, and draw conclusions. The results showed that the recording of pension contributions deduction made in accordance with accounting theory and the company only help in collecting and depositing pension contributions to the pension fund account.The company should mantain the recording of pension contribution deduction so the company’s financial condition could be controlled, especially about pension contribution deduction.   Keywords: recording, pension fund

scholarly journals Polish Pension Funds Investment - is There A Place For Real Property in A Portfolio?

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-166
Author(s):  
Magdalena Zaleczna ◽  
Rafał Wolski
Keyword(s):  
Pension Fund ◽  
Pension Funds ◽  
Capital Allocation ◽  
Portfolio Diversification ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Constant Flow ◽  
Real Property ◽  
Return Levels ◽  
Entire Economy

Polish Pension Funds Investment - is There A Place For Real Property in A Portfolio?The pension fund investments should be characterised by a long term, low risk and profitability, which implicates the necessity of portfolio diversification. In general, pension funds having regular long-term contributions should develop the long-term policy and its effects would be responsible for the economic position of their future beneficiaries. The ways of capital allocation are also critical in terms of the entire economy, as a constant flow of financial resources provided by pension funds stimulates the activity of its recipients. The typical assets in a pension fund's portfolio in the developed economy are stocks, bonds and real property owing to low (negative) correlation between these assets and their diversified potential. The legal investment limits imposed on the Polish pension funds exclude direct investment in real property, which is responsible - in the authors' opinion - for the lower level of diversification and hinders the risk reduction. The authors analyze the Polish pension fund portfolios focusing on risk and return levels. The aim of the study is to find the answer to the important question about the results of hypothetically added real property to the portfolios of pension funds.

scholarly journals THE CURRENT TAX SITUATION OF OCCUPATIONAL PENSIONS AND PAN‐EUROPEAN PENSION FUNDS

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
Gerhard Mudrack
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Pension Fund ◽  
Pension Funds ◽  
Member States ◽  
Occupational Pensions ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Tax Relief ◽  
Old Age Pensions ◽  
Domestic Companies

The main tax obstacle to the functioning of pan‐European pension funds is the exclusion from tax relief of cross‐border contributions. Many Member States have eliminated this obstacle or have announced that they will do this soon. The few Member States which may wish to continue the discrimination against foreign funds may find it very difficult to explain to the ECJ why they cannot do what so many other Member States already have. The conclusion of this article is, therefore, that for most situations, the main tax obstacle for pan‐European pension funds will be eliminated after the implementation date of the Pension Fund Directive, that was by 23 September 2005. The Pension Fund Directive includes the assumptions for a cross‐border activity of company pension funds. Among the existing national regulations of the setting of the systems of old age pensions the member states have to allow domestic companies in line with the Pension Fund Directive to be institution of foreign pension funds, which are licensed in other member states.

scholarly journals Pension and retirement intentions as determinants of employee engagement and productivity

2021 ◽  
pp. 1601-1606
Author(s):  
Nur Hasan Kurniawan ◽  
Mahmuddin Yasin ◽  
Hamidah Hamidah
Keyword(s):  
Employee Engagement ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
Financial Management ◽  
Pension Fund ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Pension Funds ◽  
Pension Scheme ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Occupational Pension ◽  
Retirement Intentions

The issue of pension funds is not only a financial matter, but also a human resource. Pension funds do not stand alone, but are assumed to be related to other human resource (HR) variables. Starting from this background, this study aims to examine the effect of the occupational pension scheme (OPS) and retirement intentions (RI) variables partially on employee productivity (EP) directly or through employee engagement (EE), the effect of OPS on RI, and the effect of OPS on EP through RI. Post-positivist is the research paradigm, with a quantitative research approach, with explanatory causal types and statistical studies. Dapenma-Pamsi is selected as the location of this research and we choose the Joint Pension Fund of municipal waterwork which are located in six provinces in Java Island. The sampling technique for this study was proportionate stratified random sampling, with a total sample of 500 active Dapenma-Pamsi participants in six provinces in Java. The research instrument was a questionnaire with a Likert scale of 1-7. The data analysis technique used SEM-AMOS. The results of the study are supported by ten research hypotheses. The novelty of this research is the integration of variables rooted in the discipline of financial management and variables from the discipline of human resource management. This research is also could help Indonesia Government foster the growth of Private Pension Fund Program in Indonesia.

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