scholarly journals Dermoscopic aspect of verrucous epidermal nevi: New findings

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
ÖMER FARUK ELMAS ◽  
NECMETTİN AKDENİZ
Keyword(s):  
Polarized Light ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
The Other ◽  
Diagnostic Process ◽  
Fine Scale ◽  
Epidermal Nevus ◽  
Clinical Interpretation ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Clinical Variants ◽  
Histopathological Investigation

Background and Aim: Verrucous epidermal nevi are cutaneous hamartomas having many clinical variants. Dermoscopic features of verrucous epidermal nevus have rarely been investigated. We aimed to identify dermoscopic findings of the entity which will facilitate the diagnostic process by reducing the use of invasive diagnostic methods. Material and Methods: The study included the patients with histopathologically approved verrucous epidermal nevus. Clinical, dermoscopic and histopathological features of the patients were retrospectively reviewed and the findings identified were recorded. Dermoscopic examination was performed with a polarized-light handheld dermoscope with 10-fold magnification. Results: The most common dermoscopic features were thick brown circles, thick brown branched lines and terminal hairs. The most common vessel pattern was dotted vessels. Branched thick brown lines, brown globules, brown dots forming lines, serpiginous brown dots, white and brown exophytic papillary structures, fine scale, thick adherent scale and cerebriform structures were the other findings. Conclusion: We observed many vascular and non-vascular dermoscopic findings which have not been described previously for the entity. Dermoscopic examination of the verrucous epidermal nevi may lead more reliable clinical interpretation and thus it may reduce the need for histopathological investigation. Keywords: dermoscopy, large brown circles, verrucous epidermal nevus

scholarly journals Exploiting the Binocular Head in Polarized Light Microscopy

1994 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 16-16
Author(s):  
Walter C. McCrone
Keyword(s):  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Polarized Light Microscopy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Monocular Viewing ◽  
Area Of Interest

Having been brought up on monocular microscopes I find the omnipresent binocular systems a luxury. To support this viewpoint I'd like to suggest some benefits you may not have considered.Because I'm used to monocular viewing I sometimes use two different oculars, say 10X and 25X, in order to scan quickly to find an area of interest and then to examine the detail with higher magnification. Occasionally I use both oculars simultaneously and “concentrate” on either image to the exclusion of the other. A better way is to set the interocular distance at the extreme setting most different from your own interocular distance. By moving your head about a centimeter either way you can use either ocular.

An in vitro Evaluation of Artificial Caries-like Lesions on Restored Overdenture Abutments

1988 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 582-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.P. Kambhu ◽  
R.L. Ettinger ◽  
J.S. Wefel
Keyword(s):  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Polarized Light Microscopy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Restorative Materials ◽  
Abutment Teeth ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Materials Used

An acidified dialyzed gelatin gel system was used to determine the caries resistance of a variety of restorative materials used to obturate the canal orifice of overdenture abutment teeth. The restorative materials used were Tytin, Tytin + Copalite, P30 + Scotchbond, Fuji Ionomer-Type II, and Miracle Mix. Polarized light microscopy and microradiography were used to examine the caries-like lesions adjacent to the restorations. The lesions formed in the Fuji Ionomer-Type II and Miracle Mix groups appeared arrested at the wall adjacent to the restoration, and did not penetrate apically down the wall as did those associated with the other restorative materials. The mean depths of lesions adjacent to Fuji Ionomer-Type II and Miracle Mix restorations were significantly less than those of Tytin, Tytin + Copalite, or P30 + Scotchbond.

Polarization

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sönke Johnsen
Keyword(s):  
Polarized Light ◽  
Coherent Scattering ◽  
Single Scattering ◽  
The Other ◽  
Butterfly Wings

This chapter examines polarization. As with radiometry, polarization can be a confusing topic. Unfortunately, unlike radiometry, its complexity is not primarily due to confusing units. The physics of polarized light is genuinely tricky. This is another subfield of optics that is made easier by thinking of light as a wave. Polarized light in nature is a scattering phenomenon. However, not all scattering is equally effective at polarizing light. Two kinds work best. The first is single scattering by particles much smaller than a wavelength of light. The other way in which scattering can create polarized light is via coherent scattering—in particular, reflection from smooth substances such as glass, water, and many leaves or structurally colored objects like iridescent butterfly wings.

Orthostatic intolerance: orthostatic hypotension and postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome

ESC CardioMed ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 2032-2037
Author(s):  
Artur Fedorowski
Keyword(s):  
Orthostatic Hypotension ◽  
Orthostatic Intolerance ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Standing Position ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome ◽  
Unexplained Syncope ◽  
Clinical Variants ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Specific Symptoms

The impairment of adaptive mechanisms during orthostatic challenge may evoke orthostatic intolerance, a heterogeneous condition, in which the standing position elicits a fall in blood pressure and/or excessive tachycardia, accompanied by a wide spectrum of subjective symptoms such as dizziness, discomfort, nausea, and palpitations. Apart from chronic and potentially debilitating symptoms, orthostatic intolerance may occasionally lead to sudden loss of consciousness and fall injuries. Consequently, orthostatic intolerance should be considered as a possible cause of unexplained syncope. Two main forms of orthostatic intolerance are orthostatic hypotension (OH) and postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS). Clinical variants of OH include initial, classical, and delayed forms. The prevalence of OH increases with age, ranging from less than 5% under 40 years to about 20% above 70 years of age, and is higher in chronic diseases, such as hypertension and diabetes, reaching above 35% in Parkinson’s disease and advanced kidney failure. The presence of OH is associated with a higher mortality and an increased incidence of cardiovascular disease, with the majority of patients being asymptomatic in normal conditions. In contrast, POTS affects predominantly young women (70–80%) within an age range of 15–40 years and is usually accompanied by non-specific symptoms: deconditioning, headache, cognitive impairment, and gastrointestinal dysfunction. Management of orthostatic intolerance includes both non-pharmacological and pharmacological methods with limited efficacy in the severe cases. Empirical treatment with vasoactive and volume expanding drugs for OH and POTS, and rhythm controlling therapy for POTS are recommended. Future studies on syndromes of orthostatic intolerance should focus on mechanisms leading to OH and POTS, novel diagnostic methods, and more effective therapeutic options.

Orthostatic intolerance: orthostatic hypotension and postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome

ESC CardioMed ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 2032-2037
Author(s):  
Artur Fedorowski
Keyword(s):  
Orthostatic Hypotension ◽  
Orthostatic Intolerance ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Standing Position ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome ◽  
Unexplained Syncope ◽  
Clinical Variants ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Specific Symptoms

The impairment of adaptive mechanisms during orthostatic challenge may evoke orthostatic intolerance, a heterogeneous condition, in which the standing position elicits a fall in blood pressure and/or excessive tachycardia, accompanied by a wide spectrum of subjective symptoms such as dizziness, discomfort, nausea, and palpitations. Apart from chronic and potentially debilitating symptoms, orthostatic intolerance may occasionally lead to sudden loss of consciousness and fall injuries. Consequently, orthostatic intolerance should be considered as a possible cause of unexplained syncope. Two main forms of orthostatic intolerance are orthostatic hypotension (OH) and postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS). Clinical variants of OH include initial, classical, and delayed forms. The prevalence of OH increases with age, ranging from less than 5% under 40 years to about 20% above 70 years of age, and is higher in chronic diseases, such as hypertension and diabetes, reaching above 35% in Parkinson’s disease and advanced kidney failure. The presence of OH is associated with a higher mortality and an increased incidence of cardiovascular disease, with the majority of patients being asymptomatic in normal conditions. In contrast, POTS affects predominantly young women (70–80%) within an age range of 15–40 years and is usually accompanied by non-specific symptoms: deconditioning, headache, cognitive impairment, and gastrointestinal dysfunction. Management of orthostatic intolerance includes both non-pharmacological and pharmacological methods with limited efficacy in the severe cases. Empirical treatment with vasoactive and volume expanding drugs for OH and POTS, and rhythm controlling therapy for POTS are recommended. Future studies on syndromes of orthostatic intolerance should focus on mechanisms leading to OH and POTS, novel diagnostic methods, and more effective therapeutic options.

scholarly journals Highlights on Genomics Applications for Lysosomal Storage Diseases

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1902
Author(s):  
Valentina La Cognata ◽  
Maria Guarnaccia ◽  
Agata Polizzi ◽  
Martino Ruggieri ◽  
Sebastiano Cavallaro
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Disorders ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Lysosomal Storage Diseases ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Diagnostic Process ◽  
Lysosomal Storage ◽  
Storage Diseases ◽  
Infancy And Childhood ◽  
Gradual Accumulation ◽  
Cellular Pathogenesis

Lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) are a heterogeneous group of rare multisystem genetic disorders occurring mostly in infancy and childhood, characterized by a gradual accumulation of non-degraded substrates inside the lysosome. Although the cellular pathogenesis of LSDs is complex and still not fully understood, the approval of disease-specific therapies and the rapid emergence of novel diagnostic methods led to the implementation of extensive national newborn screening (NBS) programs in several countries. In the near future, this will help the development of standardized workflows aimed to more timely diagnose these conditions. Hereby, we report an overview of LSD diagnostic process and treatment strategies, provide an update on the worldwide NBS programs, and discuss the opportunities and challenges arising from genomics applications in screening, diagnosis, and research.

scholarly journals Inhibition of Demineralization at Restoration Margins of Z100 and Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill in Dentin and Enamel

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Cristina Leon-Pineda ◽  
Kevin Donly
Keyword(s):  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
The Other ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Class V ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Student’S T Test

Recurrent caries is still considered the main reason restorations need to be replaced. There are different materials available now that promise to reduce the possibility of recurrent caries by releasing fluoride and inhibiting restoration marginal caries. The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the demineralization inhibition potential of a non-fluoride-releasing resin (Z100TM 3M, St. Paul, MN, USA) and a glass containing resin-based composite (Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill, Ivoclar/Vivadent AG, Schaan, Liechtenstein), which contains fluoride. Class V preparations were placed on 22 premolars; the gingival margin was below the cementoenamel junction and the occlusal margin was placed above the cemento-enamel junction. Ten teeth were randomly selected to be restored with Z100 while the other 10 were restored with Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill. Both groups were restored following manufacturer’s instructions. All teeth had an acid resistant varnish placed within one millimeter of the preparation margins. Both groups were placed in artificial caries challenge solution (pH 4.4). At the end of the 4 days; 100 µm buccolingual sections were obtained for each tooth; these were photographed under polarized light microscopy and the demineralized areas adjacent to the restorations were measured and quantified. The mean (±S.D.) area (µm2) of demineralization from the occlusal margin (enamel) and dentin margin were: Z100 2781.889 ± 1045.213; 3960.455 ± 705.964 and for Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill 1541.545 ± 1167.027; 3027.600 ± 512.078. Student’s t-test indicated that there was significantly less enamel and dentin demineralization adjacent to Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill compared to Z100; there was significantly less demineralization in enamel compared to dentin in both Tetric EvoCeral Bulk Fill and Z100. Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill performed better inhibiting demineralization at restoration margins when compared to Z100 and provided better demineralization inhibition in enamel than cementum/dentin.

Three new species of copepods (Copepoda: Calanoida and Cyclopoida) from anchialine habitats in Indonesia

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3150 (1) ◽  
pp. 36 ◽  
Author(s):  
GEOFF A. BOXSHALL ◽  
DAMIÀ JAUME
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
The Other ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Fine Scale ◽  
The Family ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
The Village ◽  
A New Species

Three new species of copepod crustaceans are described from material collected from anchialine and brackish habitats inand around the village of Walengkabola on the coast of Muna Island, to the southeast of Sulawesi. A new species of cy-clopoid, Paracyclopina sacklerae n. sp., was described from material collected from the tidal inflow entering into the bot-tom of sinkholes a few metres inland from the shoreline. Detailed comparisons are made with Paracyclopina orientalis(Lindberg, 1941), n. comb., a closely related congener here transferred from its original genus Cyclopetta Sars, 1913. Theassignment of Paracyclopina Smirnov, 1935 to the family Cyclopettidae is followed here despite uncertainty over the va-lidity of some of the families created by the break up of the former Cyclopinidae. Two new species of Boholina Fosshagen& Iliffe, 1989 are described, based on material from the same sinkholes and from caves located up to 700m inland fromthe coast and exhibiting further reduced salinity down to 1.8 ppt. One species, B. parapurgata n. sp., is very closely relatedto B. purgata Fosshagen & Iliffe, 1989 from Bohol island in the Philippines, the other B. munaensis n. sp., is very closelyrelated to B. crassicephala Fosshagen & Iliffe, 1989 also from Bohol island, but a number of fine scale differences in the leg 5 of both sexes are recognised in each case. Keys to valid species of both genera are provided.

II. Note on the separation of the isomeric amylic alcohols formed by fermentation

1869 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 308-309
Keyword(s):  
Polarized Light ◽  
The Other ◽  
Detailed Account ◽  
The One

At present we are acquainted with two amylic alcohols formed by fermentation. They were discovered by Pasteur, who observed that different specimens of amylic alcohol caused a ray of polarized light to rotate to dif­ferent degrees. He succeeded in devising a separation of these alcohols, which consisted in converting them into sulphamylates of barium and re­crystallizing these salts. The one alcohol is without action on polarized light, and the other rotates it. This method of separation is beset with great practical difficulties, and has, we believe, only once been repeated, viz. by Mr. Pedler. He gives no detailed account of the separation, but gives some of the leading properties of the alcohols. He found that the rotating alcohol caused a ray of polarized light to rotate 17° with a column of 500 millims. of liquid. The following are some examples of the rotations effected by eleven different samples of amylic alcohol in a column of 385 millims. For compa­rison with Pedler’s number, the observed numbers have been reduced in the second column to observations on 500 millims.

Two new Gammarus species (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Gammaridae) from Zagros Mountains, Iran

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2894 (1) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARYAM HEKMATARA ◽  
ALIREZA SARI ◽  
MOHAMMAD-HADI HEIDARY BALADEHI
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Anterior Margin ◽  
Gammarus Pulex ◽  
The Other ◽  
Zagros Mountains ◽  
Remarkable Feature ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Morphological Differences

The present study tries to focus on describing two new species belonging to genus Gammarus from western Iran along the Zagros Mountains range. The most remarkable feature of Gammarus hegmatanensis sp. n. is the shape of epimeral plate 3, which is sharply pointed posteriorly with a distinct lobate anterior margin. This species has some similarities with and differences from some other species of Gammarus pulex–group such as G. parthicus and G. syriacus. The other species, G. sirvannus sp. n. with elongated eyes is similar to G. duebeni, G. lobifer, G. balutchi and G. loeffleri, but it shows prominent morphological differences and a distinct geographical distribution from these species. These new findings shed more light on the information available on amphipod fauna of Iran.

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