Individual responses of mother sows to a probiotic Enterococcus faecium strain lead to different microbiota composition in their offspring

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 345-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.C. Starke ◽  
R. Pieper ◽  
K. Neumann ◽  
J. Zentek ◽  
W. Vahjen
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Probiotic Strain ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Pronounced Increase ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Suckling Piglets ◽  
Weaning Piglets ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Faecium Strain

Pregnant gilts were fed the probiotic Enterococcus faecium NCIMB10415 (SF68) one month before birth of piglets. DNA extracts of sow faeces taken in weekly intervals as well as extracts from the intestine of their offspring during the suckling period at 12 and 26 days of life were analysed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and quantitative PCR. DGGE profiles of faecal bacterial communities from three out of six probiotic-fed sows were distinctly different from the control and other probiotic-fed sows at all time points after probiotic supplementation. The probiotic-fed sows and their offspring were therefore divided into non-responder (n=3) and responder (n=3) groups. The probiotic strain significantly increased faecal lactobacilli cell numbers in mother sows, which could be assigned to a significant increase of Lactobacillus amylovorus and Lactobacillus acidophilus. Responding sows showed a more pronounced increase than non-responding sows. Similarly, suckling piglets from non-responding and responding sows showed numeric and significant differences for different bacterial groups and species. DGGE profiles of suckling piglets from responding sows also grouped more closely than profiles from control animals. Non-metric multiscaling of suckling piglets showed the same tendency for suckling piglets, but not for post-weaning piglets. This study showed that the probiotic E. faecium strain modified the faecal microbiota of sows. This modification is carried over to their offspring, but leads to changes that do not mirror the quantitative composition in the mother sow. Individual variations in the bacterial composition of mother sows before probiotic feed intake may influence the impact of a probiotic in sows and their offspring.

scholarly journals Impact of Intensive Land-Based Fish Culture in Qingdao, China, on the Bacterial Communities in Surrounding Marine Waters and Sediments

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiufen Li ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
David Juck ◽  
Nathalie Fortin ◽  
Charles W. Greer
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Fish Culture ◽  
Fish Ponds ◽  
Marine Area ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Reducing Bacteria ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Nitrate Reducing Bacteria

The impact of intensive land-based fish culture in Qingdao, China, on the bacterial communities in surrounding marine environment was analyzed. Culture-based studies showed that the highest counts of heterotrophic, ammonium-oxidizing, nitrifying, and nitrate-reducing bacteria were found in fish ponds and the effluent channel, with lower counts in the adjacent marine area and the lowest counts in the samples taken from 500 m off the effluent channel. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis was used to assess total bacterial diversity. Fewer bands were observed from the samples taken from near the effluent channel compared with more distant sediment samples, suggesting that excess nutrients from the aquaculture facility may be reducing the diversity of bacterial communities in nearby sediments. Phylogenetic analysis of the sequenced DGGE bands indicated that the bacteria community of fish-culture-associated environments was mainly composed of Flavobacteriaceae, gamma- and deltaproteobacteria, including generaGelidibacter, Psychroserpen, Lacinutrix,andCroceimarina.

scholarly journals Molecular Analysis of Surfactant-Driven Microbial Population Shifts in Hydrocarbon-Contaminated Soil

2000 ◽  
Vol 66 (7) ◽  
pp. 2959-2964 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory M. Colores ◽  
Richard E. Macur ◽  
David M. Ward ◽  
William P. Inskeep
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Microbial Population ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Microbial Populations ◽  
Alcohol Ethoxylate ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Mineralization Kinetics ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Parallel Cultivation

ABSTRACT We analyzed the impact of surfactant addition on hydrocarbon mineralization kinetics and the associated population shifts of hydrocarbon-degrading microorganisms in soil. A mixture of radiolabeled hexadecane and phenanthrene was added to batch soil vessels. Witconol SN70 (a nonionic, alcohol ethoxylate) was added in concentrations that bracketed the critical micelle concentration (CMC) in soil (CMC′) (determined to be 13 mg g−1). Addition of the surfactant at a concentration below the CMC′ (2 mg g−1) did not affect the mineralization rates of either hydrocarbon. However, when surfactant was added at a concentration approaching the CMC′ (10 mg g−1), hexadecane mineralization was delayed and phenanthrene mineralization was completely inhibited. Addition of surfactant at concentrations above the CMC′ (40 mg g−1) completely inhibited mineralization of both phenanthrene and hexadecane. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of 16S rRNA gene segments showed that hydrocarbon amendment stimulatedRhodococcus and Nocardia populations that were displaced by Pseudomonas and Alcaligenespopulations at elevated surfactant levels. Parallel cultivation studies revealed that the Rhodococcus population can utilize hexadecane and that the Pseudomonas andAlcaligenes populations can utilize both Witconol SN70 and hexadecane for growth. The results suggest that surfactant applications necessary to achieve the CMC alter the microbial populations responsible for hydrocarbon mineralization.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Rifaximin Vaginal Tablets in Treatment of Bacterial Vaginosis: a Molecular Characterization of the Vaginal Microbiota

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (8) ◽  
pp. 4062-4070 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federica Cruciani ◽  
Patrizia Brigidi ◽  
Fiorella Calanni ◽  
Vittoria Lauro ◽  
Raffaella Tacchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Vaginal Microbiota ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTBacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common vaginal disorder characterized by an alteration of the vaginal bacterial morphotypes, associated with sexually transmitted infections and adverse pregnancy outcomes. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the impact of different doses of rifaximin vaginal tablets (100 mg/day for 5 days, 25 mg/day for 5 days, and 100 mg/day for 2 days) on the vaginal microbiota of 102 European patients with BV enrolled in a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. An integrated molecular approach based on quantitative PCR (qPCR) and PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) was used to investigate the effects of vaginal tablets containing the antibiotic. An increase in members of the genusLactobacillusand a decrease in the BV-related bacterial groups after the antibiotic treatment were demonstrated by qPCR. PCR-DGGE profiles confirmed the capability of rifaximin to modulate the composition of the vaginal microbial communities and to reduce their complexity. This molecular analysis supported the clinical observation that rifaximin at 25 mg/day for 5 days represents an effective treatment to be used in future pivotal studies for the treatment of BV.

Gastrointestinal and Microbial Responses to Sulfate-Supplemented Drinking Water in Mice

2003 ◽  
Vol 228 (4) ◽  
pp. 424-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bart Deplancke ◽  
Kai Finster ◽  
W Vallen Graham ◽  
Chad T. Collier ◽  
Joel E. Thurmond ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Molecular Ecology ◽  
Distal Colon ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Gi Tract ◽  
Microbial Responses ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Inorganic Sulfate

There is increasing evidence that hydrogen sulfide (H2S), produced by intestinal sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), may be involved in the etiopathogenesis of chronic diseases such as ulcerative colitis and colorectal cancer. The activity of SRB, and thus H2S production, is likely determined by the availability of sulfur-containing compounds in the intestine. However, little is known about the impact of dietary or inorganic sulfate on intestinal sulfate and SRB-derived H2S concentrations. In this study, the effects of short-term (7 day) and long-term (1 year) inorganic sulfate supplementation of the drinking water on gastrointestinal (GI) sulfate and H2S concentrations (and thus activity of resident SRBs), and the density of large intestinal sulfomucin-containing goblet cells, were examined in C3H/HeJBir mice. Additionally, a PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE)-based molecular ecology technique was used to examine the impact of sulfate-amended drinking water on microbial community structure throughout the GI tract. Average H2S concentrations ranged from 0.1 m M (stomach) to 1 m M (cecum). A sulfate reduction assay demonstrated in situ production of H2S throughout the GI tract, confirming the presence of SRB. However, H2S generation and concentrations were greatest in the cecum and colon. Sulfate supplementation of drinking water did not significantly increase intestinal sulfate or H2S concentrations, suggesting that inorganic sulfate is not an important modulator of intestinal H2S concentrations, although it altered the bacterial profiles of the stomach and distal colon of 1-year-old mice. This change in colonic bacterial profiles may reflect a corresponding increase in the density of sulfomucin-containing goblet cells in sulfate-supplemented compared with control mice.

Effects of the probiotic Enterococcus faecium NCIMB 10415 on selected lactic acid bacteria and enterobacteria in co-culture

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.C. Starke ◽  
J. Zentek ◽  
W. Vahjen
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Lactobacillus Reuteri ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Probiotic Strain ◽  
Lactobacillus Mucosae ◽  
Vitro Effect ◽  
Reference Strains ◽  
Faecium Strain

Enterococcus faecium NCIMB 10415 is used as a probiotic for piglets and has been shown to modify the porcine intestinal microbiota. However, the mode of action of this probiotic modification is still unclear. One possible explanation is the direct growth inhibiting or stimulating effect of the probiotic on other indigenous bacteria. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine the growth interactions of the probiotic with different indigenous porcine bacteria in vitro. Reference strains were cultivated with the probiotic E. faecium strain NCIMB10415 (SF68) in a checkerboard assay with 102 to 105 cells/ml inoculum per strain. Growth kinetics were recorded for 8 h and used to determine specific growth of the co-cultures. Additionally, total DNA was extracted from the co-cultures at the end of the incubation to verify which strain in the co-culture was affected. Co-cultivation with eight Enterococcus spp. tester strains showed strain-specific growth differences. Three of four E. faecium strains were not influenced by the probiotic strain. PCR results showed reduced growth of the probiotic strain in co-culture with E. faecium DSM 6177. Three of four Enterococcus faecalis strains showed reduced specific growth in co-culture with the probiotic strain. However, E. faecalis DSM 20478 impaired growth of the probiotic E. faecium strain. The growth of Lactobacillus johnsonii DSM 10533 and Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 20016 was enhanced in co-culture with the probiotic strain, but co-cultivations with Lactobacillus mucosae DSM13345 or Lactobacillus amylovorus DSM10533 showed no differences. Co-cultures with the probiotic E. faecium showed no impact on the growth rate of four different enterobacterial reference strains (2 strains of Salmonella enterica and 2 strains of Escherichia coli), but PCR results showed reduced cell numbers for a pathogenic E. coli isolate at higher concentration of the probiotic strain. As the in vitro effect of the probiotic E. faecium on enterococci was strain specific and the growth of certain Lactobacillus spp. was enhanced by the probiotic, these results indicate a direct effect of the probiotic on certain members of the porcine gastro intestinal microbiota.

Effect of nanoparticles on the bacterial community of the cucumber phyllosphere

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-145
Author(s):  
Chang Li-Yan ◽  
Wang Qi ◽  
Mei Ru-Hong
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Uncultured Bacterium ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Phyllosphere Bacteria

AbstractWith the rapid development of nanotechnology, the security of nanomaterials has been an increasing cause for concern. In this study, the impact of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nano-TiO2) on the phyllosphere bacterial community were analysed by both a culturable-dependent method and a polymerase chain reaction denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) method. The quantity of culturable phyllosphere bacteria was significantly reduced with an increased concentration of nano-TiO2. With increasing concentrations from 0.002 to 20 mg/ml of nano-TiO2, the quantity of culturable phyllosphere bacteria decreased from 1.8×106to 3.1×105cfu/g. The phyllosphere bacteria community was analysed by PCR-DGGE, and when the concentrations of nano-TiO2were higher than 0.02 mg/ml, the DGGE bands were significantly lower than in the control. Sequencing results of the bands from the DGGE gel showed that there were at least seven genera in the phyllosphere bacteria. Only one uncultured bacterium was unaffected by the concentration of nano-TiO2.

scholarly journals Microbiota Dynamics and Diversity at Different Stages of Industrial Processing of Cocoa Beans into Cocoa Powder

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (8) ◽  
pp. 2904-2913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lídia J. R. Lima ◽  
Vera van der Velpen ◽  
Judith Wolkers-Rooijackers ◽  
Henri J. Kamphuis ◽  
Marcel H. Zwietering ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Cocoa Beans ◽  
Community Size ◽  
Cocoa Powder ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Industrial Processing ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTWe sampled a cocoa powder production line to investigate the impact of processing on the microbial community size and diversity at different stages. Classical microbiological methods were combined with 16S rRNA gene PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, coupled with clone library construction, to analyze the samples. Aerobic thermoresistant spores (ThrS) (100°C; 10 min) were also isolated and characterized (identity, genetic diversity, and spore heat resistance), in view of their relevance to the quality of downstream heat-treated cocoa-flavored drinks. In the nibs (broken, shelled cocoa beans), average levels of total aerobic microorganisms (TAM) (4.4 to 5.6 log CFU/g) and aerobic total spores (TS) (80°C; 10 min; 4.3 to 5.5 log CFU/g) were significantly reduced (P< 0.05) as a result of alkalizing, while fungi (4.2 to 4.4 log CFU/g) andEnterobacteriaceae(1.7 to 2.8 log CFU/g) were inactivated to levels below the detection limit, remaining undetectable throughout processing. Roasting further decreased the levels of TAM and TS, but they increased slightly during subsequent processing. Molecular characterization of bacterial communities based on enriched cocoa samples revealed a predominance of members of theBacillaceae,Pseudomonadaceae, andEnterococcaceae. Eleven species of ThrS were found, butBacillus licheniformisand theBacillus subtiliscomplex were prominent and revealed great genetic heterogeneity. We concluded that the microbiota of cocoa powder resulted from microorganisms that could have been initially present in the nibs, as well as microorganisms that originated during processing.B. subtiliscomplex members, particularlyB. subtilissubsp.subtilis, formed the most heat-resistant spores. Their occurrence in cocoa powder needs to be considered to ensure the stability of derived products, such as ultrahigh-temperature-treated chocolate drinks.

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