Probiotic bacteria cell walls stimulate the activity of the intestinal epithelial cells and macrophage functionality

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.M. Lemme-Dumit ◽  
M.A. Polti ◽  
G. Perdigón ◽  
C. Maldonado Galdeano
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial Cells ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Mucosal Immune Response ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Probiotic Bacteria ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial

The effect of oral administration of probiotic bacteria cell walls (PBCWs) in the stimulation of the immune system in healthy BALB/c mice was evaluated. We focused our investigation mainly on intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) which are essential for coordinating an adequate mucosal immune response and on the functionality of macrophages. The probiotic bacteria and their cell walls were able to stimulate the IECs exhibiting an important activation and cytokine releases. Supplementation with PBCWs promoted macrophage activation from peritoneum and spleen, indicating that the PBCWs oral administration was able to improve the functionality of the macrophages. In addition, the PBCWs increased immunoglobulin A (IgA)-producing cells in the gut lamina propria in a similar way to probiotic bacteria, but this supplementation did not have an effect on the population of goblet cells in the small intestine epithelium. These results indicate that the probiotic bacteria and their cell walls have an important immunoregulatory effect on the IECs without altering the homeostatic environment but with an increase in IgA+ producing cells and in the innate immune cells, mainly those distant from the gut such as spleen and peritoneum. These findings about the capacity of the cell walls from probiotic bacteria to stimulate key cells, such as IECs and macrophages, and to improve the functioning of the immune system, suggest that those structures could be applied as a new oral adjuvant.

L-Threonine upregulates β-defensins expression by activating NF-κB signaling pathway and suppressing SIRT1 expression in porcine intestinal epithelial cells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenxi Wang ◽  
Yang Yang ◽  
Nan Gao ◽  
Jing Lan ◽  
Xiujing Dou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptide ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial Cells ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Pivotal Role ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
New Strategy

The use of antimicrobial peptide (AMP), found in all forms of life and playing a pivotal role in the innate immune system, has been developed as a new strategy for...

scholarly journals Role of Intestinal Epithelial Cells in Immune Effects Mediated by Gram-Positive Probiotic Bacteria: Involvement of Toll-Like Receptors

2005 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1075-1084 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Vinderola ◽  
Chantal Matar ◽  
Gabriela Perdigon
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial Cells ◽  
Primary Cultures ◽  
Clonal Expansion ◽  
Probiotic Bacteria ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Toll Like Receptors

ABSTRACT The mechanisms by which probiotic bacteria exert their effects on the immune system are not completely understood, but the epithelium may be a crucial player in the orchestration of the effects induced. In a previous work, we observed that some orally administered strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) increased the number of immunoglobulin A (IgA)-producing cells in the small intestine without a concomitant increase in the CD4+ T-cell population, indicating that some LAB strains induce clonal expansion only of B cells triggered to produce IgA. The present work aimed to study the cytokines induced by the interaction of probiotic LAB with murine intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) in healthy animals. We focused our investigation mainly on the secretion of interleukin 6 (IL-6) necessary for the clonal expansion of B cells previously observed with probiotic bacteria. The role of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in such interaction was also addressed. The cytokines released by primary cultures of IEC in animals fed with Lactobacillus casei CRL 431 or Lactobacillus helveticus R389 were determined. Cytokines were also determined in the supernatants of primary cultures of IEC of unfed animals challenged with different concentrations of viable or nonviable lactobacilli and Escherichia coli, previously blocked or not with anti-TLR2 and anti-TLR4. We concluded that the small intestine is the place where a major distinction would occur between probiotic LAB and pathogens. This distinction comprises the type of cytokines released and the magnitude of the response, cutting across the line that separates IL-6 necessary for B-cell differentiation, which was the case with probiotic lactobacilli, from inflammatory levels of IL-6 for pathogens.

scholarly journals Lactobacillus delbrueckii CRL 581 Differentially Modulates TLR3-Triggered Antiviral Innate Immune Response in Intestinal Epithelial Cells and Macrophages

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2449
Author(s):  
Mariano Elean ◽  
Leonardo Albarracin ◽  
Kohtaro Fukuyama ◽  
Binghui Zhou ◽  
Mikado Tomokiyo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Innate Immune Response ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial Cells ◽  
Starter Culture ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Lactobacillus Delbrueckii ◽  
Poly I:C ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Antiviral Immune Response

Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis CRL 581 beneficially modulates the intestinal antiviral innate immune response triggered by the Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) agonist poly(I:C) in vivo. This study aimed to characterize further the immunomodulatory properties of the technologically relevant starter culture L. delbrueckii subsp. lactis CRL 581 by evaluating its interaction with intestinal epithelial cells and macrophages in the context of innate immune responses triggered by TLR3. Our results showed that the CRL 581 strain was able to adhere to porcine intestinal epithelial (PIE) cells and mucins. The CRL 581 strain also augmented the expression of antiviral factors (IFN-α, IFN-β, Mx1, OAS1, and OAS2) and reduced inflammatory cytokines in PIE cells triggered by TLR3 stimulation. In addition, the influence of L. delbrueckii subsp. lactis CRL 581 on the response of murine RAW macrophages to the activation of TLR3 was evaluated. The CRL 581 strain was capable of enhancing the expression of IFN-α, IFN-β, IFN-γ, Mx1, OAS1, TNF-α, and IL-1β. Of note, the CRL 581 strain also augmented the expression of IL-10 in macrophages. The results of this study show that the high proteolytic strain L. delbrueckii spp. lactis CRL 581 was able to beneficially modulate the intestinal innate antiviral immune response by regulating the response of both epithelial cells and macrophages relative to TLR3 activation.

scholarly journals Horizontally Acquired Polysaccharide-Synthetic Gene Cluster From Weissella cibaria Boosts the Probiotic Property of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuqi Gao ◽  
Mingze Niu ◽  
Xiaohui Yu ◽  
Tingting Bao ◽  
Zhaowei Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Gene Cluster ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial Cells ◽  
Probiotic Bacteria ◽  
Synthetic Gene ◽  
Probiotic Properties ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Weissella Cibaria ◽  
Probiotic Property

Lactiplantibacillus plantarum are probiotic bacteria, maintaining the integrity of the gastrointestinal epithelial barrier, and preventing the infection of pathogenic bacteria. Exopolysaccharides (EPSs) are often involved in the probiotic property of L. plantarum. Here, we identified a new EPS-synthetic gene cluster, cpsWc, carrying 13 genes, laid on a large plasmid in a well-characterized probiotic L. plantarum strain LTC-113. The cpsWc gene cluster was horizontally acquired from Weissella cibaria, enhancing the biofilm formation ability of the host strain and its tolerance to harsh environmental stresses, including heat, acid, and bile. Transfer of cpsWc also conferred the probiotic properties to other L. plantarum strains. Moreover, cpsWc strengthened the adhesion of LTC-113 to intestinal epithelial cells. Both the cpsWc-carrying LTC-113 and its EPSs per se effectively attenuated the LPS-induced pro-inflammatory effect of intestinal epithelial cells, and inhibited the adhesion of pathogenic bacteria, such as S. typhimurium and E. coli by exclusion and competition. The newly identified cpsWc gene cluster emphasized the contribution of mobile EPS-synthetic element on the probiotic activity of L. plantarum, and shed a light on the engineering of probiotic bacteria.

scholarly journals Inhibitory Effect of Enterohepatic Helicobacter hepaticus on Innate Immune Responses of Mouse Intestinal Epithelial Cells

2007 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 2717-2728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torsten Sterzenbach ◽  
Sae Kyung Lee ◽  
Birgit Brenneke ◽  
Franz von Goetz ◽  
David B. Schauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial Cells ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
Recent Analysis ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Helicobacter Hepaticus ◽  
Innate Immune Responses

ABSTRACT Enterohepatic Helicobacter species infect the intestinal tracts and biliary trees of various mammals, including mice and humans, and are associated with chronic inflammatory diseases of the intestine, gallstone formation, and malignant transformation. The recent analysis of the whole genome sequence of the mouse enterohepatic species Helicobacter hepaticus allowed us to perform a functional analysis of bacterial factors that may play a role in these diseases. We tested the hypothesis that H. hepaticus suppresses or evades innate immune responses of mouse intestinal epithelial cells, which allows this pathogen to induce or contribute to chronic inflammatory disease. We demonstrated in the present study that the innate immune responses of intestinal epithelial cells to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) via Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and to flagellin-mediated activation via TLR5 are reduced by H. hepaticus infection through soluble bacterial factors. In particular, H. hepaticus lysate and the soluble component LPS antagonized TLR4- and TLR5-mediated immune responses of intestinal epithelial cells. H. hepaticus lysate and LPS inhibited development of endotoxin tolerance to Escherichia coli LPS. Suppression of innate immune responses by H. hepaticus LPS thus may affect intestinal responses to the resident microbial flora, epithelial homeostasis, and intestinal inflammatory conditions.

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