A systematic review of the effect of dietary pulses on microbial populations inhabiting the human gut

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 457-468
Author(s):  
C.P.F. Marinangeli ◽  
S.V. Harding ◽  
M. Zafron ◽  
T.C. Rideout
Keyword(s):  
Food Group ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Microbial Populations ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Navy Bean ◽  
Scientific Databases ◽  
Human Large Intestine ◽  
Microbial Environment ◽  
Leguminous Crops ◽  
Pinto Beans

Pulses are dry leguminous crops consisting of beans, lentils, chickpeas, and peas. They are a broad category of food that are often aggregated when their contribution to healthy dietary patterns are disseminated. However, the different genera and varieties of pulses vary in composition and are consumed in different amounts, largely dictated by geographic region and ethnicity. Given the number of pulse-derived components, including fibre, that have the capacity to alter the composition of the gut microbiome, the objective of this study was to systematically review dietary pulses and pulse-derived ingredients as a broader food group, to determine their effect on gut microbiota in humans. Major scientific databases were used to conduct the search, which spanned from 1990 until February 2019. The search strategy identified 2,444 articles and five studies were included in this analysis. Two studies used whole pulses (chickpeas and pinto beans), one study used cooked navy bean powder, and the two remaining studies used pulse-derived fibre (lupin or yellow pea hulls). Although inconsistent, some studies demonstrated that whole pulses (pinto beans and chickpeas), cooked navy bean powder, and pulse-derived fibre (lupin kernel fibre), did impose changes to the microbiota that inhabit the human large intestine. However, there was considerable variability concerning the methodologies and endpoints used to decipher the observed effects on the abundance, diversity, and/or richness of specific microbiota or the microbiome. More extensive human studies that directly link the effects of specific types of pulses on the gastrointestinal microbial environment to health outcomes in the host are required.

scholarly journals Development of a Humanized Murine Model for the Study of Oxalobacter formigenes Intestinal Colonization

2019 ◽  
Vol 220 (11) ◽  
pp. 1848-1858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda M Pebenito ◽  
Menghan Liu ◽  
Lama Nazzal ◽  
Martin J Blaser
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Human Microbiome ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Microbial Populations ◽  
Murine Models ◽  
Oxalobacter Formigenes ◽  
Human Species ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Germ Free ◽  
Β Diversity

Abstract Background Oxalobacter formigenes are bacteria that colonize the human gut and degrade oxalate, a component of most kidney stones. Findings of clinical and epidemiological studies suggest that O. formigenes colonization reduces the risk for kidney stones. We sought to develop murine models to allow investigating O. formigenes in the context of its native human microbiome. Methods For humanization, we transplanted pooled feces from healthy, noncolonized human donors supplemented with a human O. formigenes strain into recipient mice. We transplanted microbiota into mice that were treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics to suppress their native microbiome, were germ free, or received humanization without pretreatment or received sham gavage (controls). Results All humanized mice were stably colonized with O. formigenes through 8 weeks after gavage, whereas mice receiving sham gavage remained uncolonized (P < .001). Humanization significantly changed the murine intestinal microbial community structure (P < .001), with humanized germ-free and antibiotic-treated groups overlapping in β-diversity. Both germ-free and antibiotic-treated mice had significantly increased numbers of human species compared with sham-gavaged mice (P < .001). Conclusions Transplanting mice with human feces and O. formigenes introduced new microbial populations resembling the human microbiome, with stable O. formigenes colonization; such models can define optimal O. formigenes strains to facilitate clinical trials.

Monofloral honey from a medical plant,Prunella Vulgaris, protected against dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitisviamodulating gut microbial populations in rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 3828-3838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Wang ◽  
Zhengrui Wan ◽  
Aiqun Ou ◽  
Xinwen Liang ◽  
Xiaoxuan Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Dextran Sulfate ◽  
Dextran Sulfate Sodium ◽  
Microbial Populations ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Prunella Vulgaris ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Medical Plant

Honey produced from medicinal plants hold great promise for human gut health.

scholarly journals Metagenomic data-mining reveals contrasting microbial populations responsible for trimethylamine formation in human gut and marine ecosystems

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleanor Jameson ◽  
Andrew C. Doxey ◽  
Ruth Airs ◽  
Kevin J. Purdy ◽  
J. Colin Murrell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Marine Ecosystems ◽  
Metagenomic Data ◽  
Microbial Populations ◽  
Human Gut

scholarly journals Alterations in human gut microbiome composition and metabolism after exposure to glyphosate and Roundup and/or a spore-based formulation using the SHIME® technology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Mesnage ◽  
Marta Calatayud ◽  
Cindy Duysburgh ◽  
Massimo Marzorati ◽  
Michael Antoniou
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Human Gut Microbiome ◽  
Ammonium Production ◽  
Profiling Techniques ◽  
Microbial Environment

Despite extensive research into the toxicology of the herbicide glyphosate, there are still major unknowns regarding its effects on the human gut microbiome. As a step in addressing this knowledge gap, we describe for the first time the effects of glyphosate and a Roundup glyphosate-based herbicide on infant gut microbiota using SHIME technology, which mimics the entire gastrointestinal tract. SHIME microbiota culture was undertaken in the presence of a concentration of 100 mg/L (corresponding to a dose of 1.6 mg/kg/day) glyphosate and the same glyphosate equivalent concentration of Roundup, which is in the range of the US chronic reference dose, and subjected to molecular profiling techniques to assess outcomes. Roundup and to a lesser extent glyphosate caused an increase in fermentation activity, resulting in acidification of the microbial environment. This was also reflected by an increase in lactate and acetate production concomitant to a decrease in the levels of propionate, valerate, caproate and butyrate. Ammonium production reflecting proteolytic activities was increased by Roundup exposure. Global metabolomics revealed large scale disturbances in metabolite profiles, including an increased abundance of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n3 and n6). Although changes in bacterial composition measured by qPCR and 16S rRNA sequencing were less clear, our results suggested that lactobacilli had their growth stimulated as a result of microenvironment acidification. Co-treatment with the spore-based probiotic formulation MegaSporeBiotic reverted some of the changes in short-chain fatty acid levels. Altogether, our results suggest that glyphosate can exert effects on human gut microbiota at permitted regulatory levels of exposure, highlighting the need for epidemiological studies aimed at evaluating the effects of glyphosate herbicides on human gut microbiome function.

scholarly journals Two Routes of Metabolic Cross-Feeding between Bifidobacterium adolescentis and Butyrate-Producing Anaerobes from the Human Gut

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 3593-3599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvaro Belenguer ◽  
Sylvia H. Duncan ◽  
A. Graham Calder ◽  
Grietje Holtrop ◽  
Petra Louis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pure Culture ◽  
Dietary Carbohydrates ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Bifidobacterium Adolescentis ◽  
Acetyl Coenzyme A ◽  
End Products ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Human Large Intestine ◽  
Eubacterium Hallii

ABSTRACT Dietary carbohydrates have the potential to influence diverse functional groups of bacteria within the human large intestine. Of 12 Bifidobacterium strains of human gut origin from seven species tested, four grew in pure culture on starch and nine on fructo-oligosaccharides. The potential for metabolic cross-feeding between Bifidobacterium adolescentis and lactate-utilizing, butyrate-producing Firmicute bacteria related to Eubacterium hallii and Anaerostipes caccae was investigated in vitro. E. hallii L2-7 and A. caccae L1-92 failed to grow on starch in pure culture, but in coculture with B. adolescentis L2-32 butyrate was formed, indicating cross-feeding of metabolites to the lactate utilizers. Studies with [13C]lactate confirmed carbon flow from lactate, via acetyl coenzyme A, to butyrate both in pure cultures of E. hallii and in cocultures with B. adolescentis. Similar results were obtained in cocultures involving B. adolescentis DSM 20083 with fructo-oligosaccharides as the substrate. Butyrate formation was also stimulated, however, in cocultures of B. adolescentis L2-32 grown on starch or fructo-oligosaccharides with Roseburia sp. strain A2-183, which produces butyrate but does not utilize lactate. This is probably a consequence of the release by B. adolescentis of oligosaccharides that are available to Roseburia sp. strain A2-183. We conclude that two distinct mechanisms of metabolic cross-feeding between B. adolescentis and butyrate-forming bacteria may operate in gut ecosystems, one due to consumption of fermentation end products (lactate and acetate) and the other due to cross-feeding of partial breakdown products from complex substrates.

scholarly journals FUNCTIONAL GROUPS OF BIFIDOFLORA OF INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA IN ASSOCIATIVE SYMBIOSIS OF HUMAN

2018 ◽  
pp. 3-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. V. Bukharin ◽  
E. V. Ivanova ◽  
N. B. Perunova ◽  
I. A. Nikiforov
Keyword(s):  
Functional Groups ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Immunological Methods ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
The Third ◽  
Cytokine Balance ◽  
Human Large Intestine ◽  
Associative Symbiosis

Aim. Aim of the research is the identification of functional groups of human gut bifidoflora based on analysis of the spectrum of metabolites features, proteome, bioprofile, immunoregulatory properties and the ability to differentiate «self/non-self» among the associative microbiota. Materials and methods. The materials are 260 strains ofbifidobacteria isolated from 122 intestinal microsymbiocenoses. Experimental studies were carried out using bacteriological, chromatographic and immunological methods. Statistical processing of material is carried out by means of the package Statistica 10.0 using of k-cluster analysis and discriminant method. Results. As a result ofthe work, 3 clusters containing strains of various types of bifidobacteria were identified. The first cluster was represented by B. bifidum and was characterized by the antipeptide activity of the strains with respect to FNO-a and INF-y, IL-10. In the second cluster of the B. longum culture predominated, where the parameters of the backbone factor of microsymbiocenosis, the ability to microbial recognition, antagonistic activity and production of acetic acid were significant. In the third cluster the species composition of bifidobacteria was diverse and products of butyric, caproic acids and their isoforms were the informative tests. Conclusion. The key function of bifido-flora in the regulation of the homeostasis of the intestinal biotope is realized by the formation of functional clusters, among which the first group participates in the formation of the cytokine balance, the second group is responsible for the discrimination of associative microbiota and direct protection of the biotope from pathogens, and the third is necessary to maintain the barrier metabolic function of enterocytes in the human large intestine.

In vitro Utilization of Gold and Green Kiwifruit Oligosaccharides by Human Gut Microbial Populations

2012 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 200-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanthi G. Parkar ◽  
Doug Rosendale ◽  
Gunaranjan Paturi ◽  
Thanuja D. Herath ◽  
Halina Stoklosinski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Populations ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Green Kiwifruit

scholarly journals Bacterial and Protozoal Communities and Fatty Acid Profile in the Rumen of Sheep Fed a Diet Containing Added Tannins

2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (8) ◽  
pp. 2549-2555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Vasta ◽  
David R. Y��ez-Ruiz ◽  
Marcello Mele ◽  
Andrea Serra ◽  
Giuseppe Luciano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Vaccenic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Analysis ◽  
Microbial Populations ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Butyrivibrio Fibrisolvens ◽  
Microbial Environment ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Ruminal Biohydrogenation

ABSTRACT This study evaluated the effects of tannins on ruminal biohydrogenation (BH) due to shifts in the ruminal microbial environment in sheep. Thirteen lambs (45 days of age) were assigned to two dietary treatments: seven lambs were fed a barley-based concentrate (control group) while the other six lambs received the same concentrate with supplemental quebracho tannins (9.57% of dry matter). At 122 days of age, the lambs were slaughtered, and the ruminal contents were subjected to fatty acid analysis and sampled to quantify populations of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, which converts C18:2 c9-c12 (linoleic acid [LA]) to C18:2 c9-t11 (rumenic acid [RA]) and then RA to C18:1 t11 (vaccenic acid [VA]); we also sampled for Butyrivibrio proteoclasticus, which converts VA to C18:0 (stearic acid [SA]). Tannins increased (P < 0.005) VA in the rumen compared to the tannin-free diet. The concentration of SA was not affected by tannins. The SA/VA ratio was lower (P < 0.005) for the tannin-fed lambs than for the controls, suggesting that the last step of the BH process was inhibited by tannins. The B. proteoclasticus population was lower (−30.6%; P < 0.1), and B. fibrisolvens and protozoan populations were higher (+107% and +56.1%, respectively; P < 0.05) in the rumen of lambs fed the tannin-supplemented diet than in controls. These results suggest that quebracho tannins altered BH by changing ruminal microbial populations.

scholarly journals Acetate Utilization and Butyryl Coenzyme A (CoA):Acetate-CoA Transferase in Butyrate-Producing Bacteria from the Human Large Intestine

2002 ◽  
Vol 68 (10) ◽  
pp. 5186-5190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia H. Duncan ◽  
Adela Barcenilla ◽  
Colin S. Stewart ◽  
Susan E. Pryde ◽  
Harry J. Flint
Keyword(s):  
Large Intestine ◽  
Coenzyme A ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Acetate Kinase ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Coa Transferase ◽  
Acetate Utilization ◽  
Human Large Intestine ◽  
Butyrate Kinase

ABSTRACT Seven strains of Roseburia sp., Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, and Coprococcus sp. from the human gut that produce high levels of butyric acid in vitro were studied with respect to key butyrate pathway enzymes and fermentation patterns. Strains of Roseburia sp. and F. prausnitzii possessed butyryl coenzyme A (CoA):acetate-CoA transferase and acetate kinase activities, but butyrate kinase activity was not detectable either in growing or in stationary-phase cultures. Although unable to use acetate as a sole source of energy, these strains showed net utilization of acetate during growth on glucose. In contrast, Coprococcus sp. strain L2-50 is a net producer of acetate and possessed detectable butyrate kinase, acetate kinase, and butyryl-CoA:acetate-CoA transferase activities. These results demonstrate that different functionally distinct groups of butyrate-producing bacteria are present in the human large intestine.

scholarly journals The Human Gut Phageome: Origins and Roles in the Human Gut Microbiome

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleanor M. Townsend ◽  
Lucy Kelly ◽  
George Muscatt ◽  
Joshua D. Box ◽  
Nicole Hargraves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Microbial Populations ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Human Gut Microbiome ◽  
Microbiome Research ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Over Time

The investigation of the microbial populations of the human body, known as the microbiome, has led to a revolutionary field of science, and understanding of its impacts on human development and health. The majority of microbiome research to date has focussed on bacteria and other kingdoms of life, such as fungi. Trailing behind these is the interrogation of the gut viruses, specifically the phageome. Bacteriophages, viruses that infect bacterial hosts, are known to dictate the dynamics and diversity of bacterial populations in a number of ecosystems. However, the phageome of the human gut, while of apparent importance, remains an area of many unknowns. In this paper we discuss the role of bacteriophages within the human gut microbiome. We examine the methods used to study bacteriophage populations, how this evolved over time and what we now understand about the phageome. We review the phageome development in infancy, and factors that may influence phage populations in adult life. The role and action of the phageome is then discussed at both a biological-level, and in the broader context of human health and disease.

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