Plasma glycerol during the acute post-exercise recovery period: influence of exercise intensity

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-108
Author(s):  
R.J. Bloomer ◽  
T.M. Farney
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
High Intensity Exercise ◽  
Exercise Session ◽  
Exercise Recovery ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Post Exercise Recovery

Intensity of exercise can influence substrate utilization, with increasing intensity resulting in lower rates of fat oxidation and the reliance on carbohydrate as the preferred fuel. Fat oxidation (or more specifically, mobilization) can be assessed via the measurement of circulating glycerol, with most prior research focusing on aerobic exercise and measurements obtained during the actual exercise bout. The present study determined the degree of fat oxidation/mobilization by measuring plasma glyctierol concentrations during the one hour post-exercise recovery period following three difference exercise bouts. On four different days, exercise trained men (n=12; 23.7±1.1 years) either rested quietly or performed aerobic cycle exercise (60 min at 70% heart rate reserve), 60 s cycle sprints at 100% max wattage obtained during graded exercise testing (GXT) - a total of five, or 15 s cycle sprints at 200% max wattage obtained during GXT - a total of 10. Blood was collected before and at 1, 30 and 60 min post-exercise. Haematocrit and haemoglobin were measured to correct for changes in plasma volume. Glycerol was analysed in plasma and the area under the curve was calculated. Glycerol increased across time (P<0.0001) from pre-exercise (8.4±0.3 μg/dl) to 1 min (13.1±0.7 μg/dl), 30 min (11.3±0.6 μg/dl) and 60 min (9.1±0.5 μg/dl) post-exercise, with 1 min and 30 min post-exercise greater than pre-exercise and 60 min post-exercise (P<0.05). Area under the curve was greater (P=0.0004) for aerobic exercise (24.7±2.0 μg/dl/h), 60 second sprints (23.4±1.9 μg/dl/h) and 15 sec sprints (24.4±1.5 μg/dl/h), as compared to rest (15.3±0.8 μg/dl/h), with no differences noted between exercise bouts (P≯0.05). All exercise bouts increase circulating glycerol, with no differences noted between bouts. Although previous data indicate that low intensity aerobic exercise results in greater fat oxidation than high intensity exercise (when assessed during the actual exercise session), our findings suggest that high intensity exercise may result in similar fat oxidation/mobilization as compared to aerobic exercise during the acute post-exercise period.

Effect of Capsinoids Supplementation on Fat Oxidation and Muscle Glycogen Restoration During Post-exercise Recovery in Humans

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Su-Fen Liao ◽  
Mallikarjuna Korivi ◽  
Jung-Piao Taso ◽  
Chun-Ching Huang ◽  
Chia-Chen Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Exercise Recovery ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Glycogen Resynthesis ◽  
Post Exercise Recovery

Background: Capsinoids (CSN), the novel non-pungent capsaicin analogs have been reported to promote metabolic health and exercise tolerance. However, the effect of CSN on fat oxidation and changes in skeletal muscle glycogen levels during post-exercise recovery has not been investigated in humans. Purpose: We examined the effect of CSN supplementation on energy reliance, glycogen resynthesis and molecular proteins in the skeletal muscle of young adults during post-exercise recovery. Methods: In this crossover-designed study, nine healthy adult male volunteers (aged 21.4±0.2 years, BMI 21.9±1.3 kg/m2 ) completed a 60-min cycling exercise at 70% VO2max. Participants consumed either CSN (12 mg, single dosage) or placebo capsules with a high-carbohydrate meal (2 g carb/kg bodyweight) immediately after exercise. Biopsied muscle samples (vastus lateralis), blood and gaseous samples were obtained during 3h post-exercise recovery period. Results: We found that oral CSN supplementation right after exercise significantly altered the energy reliance on fat oxidation during recovery. This was evidenced by lower respiratory exchange ratio (RER) and higher fat oxidation rate in CSN trial. Despite, acute CSN dosage does not contribute to enhance the glycogen replenishment in skeletal muscle during 3h recovery. We identified no significant differences in postprandial glucose and insulin area under the curve in both trials. Western blot data showed increased muscle GLUT4 expression, but no significant response of p-Akt/Akt ratio with CSN during post-exercise recovery. Conclusion: Our findings conclude that acute CSN intake could change energy reliance on fat oxidation, but unable to enhance muscle glycogen resynthesis during post-exercise recovery. Thus, ergogenic properties of CSN in relevance to muscle glycogen restoration following exercise needs to be further investigated in young adults.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF A THERMOGENIC SUPPLEMENTATION ON POST AEROBIC EXERCISE HEMODYNAMIC RESPONSES IN HEALTHY YOUNG MEN

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (38) ◽  
pp. 155-162
Author(s):  
Vilton Emanoel Lopes de Moura E Silva ◽  
Valmir Oliveira Silvino ◽  
Jefferson Fernando Coelho Rodrigues Júnior ◽  
Alyson Felipe da Costa Sena ◽  
Carlos Eduardo Neves Amorim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Group Versus ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Exercise Session ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Exercise Recovery ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Post Exercise Recovery

Introduction: The use of food supplements with esthetic or performance-enhancing goals has been largely investigated. Thermogenics are supplements that increase energy expenditure through thermogenesis and are widely consumed by individuals seeking to improve body composition and exercise performance. Objective: To evaluate the effects of a commercially available thermogenic supplement on post-exercise blood pressure responses. Materials and Methods: Twenty-seven healthy thermogenic supplements users participated in the study. Nine were assigned in the control group (21.67 ± 1.87 years), nine in the thermogenic group (24.00 ± 4.18), and nine in the placebo group (23.67 ± 3.04). The volunteers performed a treadmill aerobic exercise session for 60 minutes at 65 to 85% max heart rate. The hemodynamic variables were measured at rest and during 60 minutes in the post-exercise recovery. The normality of the data was evaluated using the Shapiro-Wilk test. Baseline momentum and post-exercise recovery were analyzed using the two-way ANOVA test (group versus time factors), with Bonferroni post-hoc test. The level of statistical significance was set at p <0.05. Results: The thermogenic supplement did not significantly compromise post-exercise hypotension when compared to the other groups. However, thermogenic supplementation increased the blood pressure in >5 mmHg, which reportedly plays an important role in cardiovascular diseases. Conclusion: The use of the thermogenic Lipo 6 Black Ultra Concentre Nutrex ® did not alter PEH in healthy youngsters. However, since an increase in the blood pressure was observed, this supplementation must be administered with caution.

scholarly journals Differences in Nervous Autonomic Control in Response to a Single Session of Exercise in Bodybuilders Using Anabolic Androgenic Steroids

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-101
Author(s):  
Jefferson Fernando Coelho Rodrigues Júnior ◽  
Alexandre Sérgio Silva ◽  
Glêbia Alexa Cardoso ◽  
Valmir Oliveira Silvino ◽  
Acácio Salvador Veras-Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Autonomic Nerve ◽  
Exercise Session ◽  
Anabolic Androgenic Steroids ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Frequency Spectra ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Androgenic Steroids

Abstract Considering the role of autonomic nerve activity in blood pressure control, this study aimed to investigate the cardiac autonomic nerve responses after an aerobic exercise session in Anabolic Androgenic Steroids (AAS) users. Twenty men (AAS, n = 9; control group, n = 11) performed an aerobic exercise session (60 min, 70 to 80% of HRmax). Heart rate variability (HRV) was assessed before and during a 60-min post-exercise recovery period. RMSSD (root mean square successive difference of the RR intervals) and the LF/HF ratio (low frequency/high frequency spectra) were also evaluated. The Student's t-test for independent samples was used to compare differences between initial group characteristics. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to compare pre- and post-exercise HRV recovery (p < 0.05). AAS had a lower SDNN (standard deviation of the intervals) (40.8 ± 16.8 vs. 71.6 ± 24.7 ms; p = 0.04, d = 1.4) and a higher LF/HF (3.4 ± 2.1 vs. 1.8 ± 0.9%; p = 0.03, d = 0.9) before exercise. AAS and controls had similar RMSSD (14.0 ± 15.8 vs. 18.9 ± 12.1 ms; p = 0.20) and a LF/HF (2.8 ± 1.6 vs. 2.4 ± 1.2 ms; p = 0.41) immediately post-exercise. The between-groups comparison revealed a higher HF/LF at 30 min (4.3 ± 1.4 vs. 2.5 ± 1.3%; p = 0.008, d = 1.3) and 60 min (5.0 ± 2.2 vs. 2.3 ± 0.8%; p = 0.001, d = 1.6) for the AAS group in the recovery time. This study demonstrated impaired parasympathetic activity at rest and immediately after the exercise session as an adverse effect of AAS usage, but similar behavior regarding the restoration of sympathetic activity.

Exercise Increases NPY/AgRP and TH Neuron Activity in the Hypothalamus of Female Mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taylor Landry ◽  
Daniel Shookster ◽  
Alec Chaves ◽  
Katrina Free ◽  
Tony Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tyrosine Hydroxylase ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Treadmill Exercise ◽  
High Intensity Exercise ◽  
Neuron Activity ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Neuron Populations

Recent evidence identifies a potent role for aerobic exercise to modulate activity of hypothalamic neurons related to appetite; however, these studies have been primarily performed in male rodents. Since females have markedly different neuronal mechanisms regulating food intake, the current study aimed to determine the effects of acute treadmill exercise on hypothalamic neuron populations involved in regulating appetite in female mice. Mature, untrained female mice were exposed to acute sedentary, low (10m/min), moderate (14m/min), and high (18m/min) intensity treadmill exercise in a randomized crossover design. Mice were fasted 10-hours before exercise and food intake was monitored for 48-hours after bouts. Immunohistochemical detection of cFOS was performed 3-hours post-exercise to determine changes in hypothalamic NPY/AgRP, POMC, tyrosine hydroxylase, and SIM1-expressing neuron activity concurrent with changes in food intake. Additionally, stains for pSTAT3tyr705 and pERKthr202/tyr204 were performed to detect exercise-mediated changes in intracellular signaling. Briefly, moderate and high intensity exercise increased 24-hour food intake by 5.9% and 19%, respectively, while low intensity exercise had no effects. Furthermore, increases in NPY/AgRPARC, SIM1PVN, and tyrosine hydroxylase neuron activity were observed 3-hours after high intensity exercise, with no effects on POMCARC neurons. While no effects of exercise on pERKthr202/tyr204 were observed, pSTAT3tyr705 was elevated specifically in NPY/AgRP neurons 3-hours post-exercise. Overall, aerobic exercise increased activity of several appetite-stimulating neuron populations in the hypothalamus of female mice, which may provide insight into previously reported sexual dimorphisms in post-exercise feeding.

scholarly journals Impact of Inter-Set Short Rest Interval Length on Inhibitory Control Improvements Following Low-Intensity Resistance Exercise in Healthy Young Males

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keigo Tomoo ◽  
Tadashi Suga ◽  
Kento Dora ◽  
Takeshi Sugimoto ◽  
Ernest Mok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Stroop Interference ◽  
Exercise Recovery ◽  
Rest Interval ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Post Exercise Recovery ◽  
Interference Score

The length of rest interval between sets (i.e., inter-set rest interval) is an important variable for resistance exercise program. However, the impact of the inter-set rest interval on improvements in cognitive function following resistance exercise remains unknown. In this study, we compared the effect of short rest interval (SRI) vs. long rest interval (LRI) protocols on post-exercise cognitive inhibitory control (IC) improvements induced by low-intensity resistance exercise. Twenty healthy, young males completed both SRI and LRI sessions in a crossover design. The bilateral knee extensor low-intensity resistance exercise was programed for six sets with 10 repetitions per set using 40% of one-repetition maximum. The inter-set rest interval lengths for SRI and LRI protocols were set for 1 and 3min, respectively. The color-word Stroop task (CWST) was administrated at six time points: baseline, pre-exercise, immediate post-exercise, and every 10min during the 30-min post-exercise recovery period. The levels of blood lactate, which may be an important determinant for improving IC, throughout the 30-min post-exercise recovery period were significantly higher following SRI protocol than following LRI protocol (p=0.002 for interaction effect). In line with this result, large-sized decreases in the reverse-Stroop interference score, which represent improved IC, were observed immediately after SRI protocol (d=0.94 and 0.82, respectively, vs. baseline and pre-exercise) as opposed to the moderate-sized decreases immediately after LRI protocol (d=0.62 and 0.66, respectively, vs. baseline and pre-exercise). Moreover, significant decreases in the reverse-Stroop interference score were observed from 10 to 30min after SRI protocol (all ps&lt;0.05 vs. baseline and/or pre-exercise), whereas no such decrease was observed after LRI protocol. Furthermore, the degree of decreases in the reverse-Stroop interference score throughout the 30-min post-exercise recovery period was significantly greater in SRI protocol than in LRI protocol (p=0.046 for interaction effect). We suggest that the SRI protocol is more useful in improving post-exercise IC, potentially via greater circulating lactate levels, compared to the LRI protocol. Therefore, the inter-set rest interval length may be an important variable for determining the degree of cognitive function improvements following resistance exercise in healthy young males.

scholarly journals Cooling Between Exercise Bouts and Post-exercise With the Fan Cooling Jacket on Thermal Strain in Hot-Humid Environments

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidenori Otani ◽  
Makoto Fukuda ◽  
Takehiro Tagawa
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Thermal Strain ◽  
Tympanic Temperature ◽  
Exercise Recovery ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Fan Cooling ◽  
Cooling Jacket ◽  
Post Exercise Recovery ◽  
Skin Temperatures

This study investigated the effects of cooling between exercise bouts and post-exercise with a commercially available fan cooling jacket on thermal and perceptual responses during and following exercise in hot-humid environments. Ten male athletes completed two 30 min cycling bouts at a constant workload (1.4 watts⋅kg–1 of body mass) with a 5 min recovery period in between. Exercise was followed by a 10 min recovery period. In an environmental chamber (33°C, 65% relative humidity), participants performed two trials with (FCJ) or without (CON) the fan cooling jacket on a T-shirt during the 5 min inter-exercise and 10 min post-exercise recovery periods. Mean, chest and upper arm skin temperatures, and thermal sensation and comfort were lower in FCJ than CON trial during and following exercise (P &lt; 0.05). Thigh and calf skin temperatures, infrared tympanic temperature and heart rate were lower in FCJ than CON trial during the experimental trials (P &lt; 0.05). The rates of fall in mean, chest and upper arm skin temperatures, infrared tympanic temperature and thermal sensation and comfort were faster in FCJ than CON trial during both recovery periods (P &lt; 0.05). There were faster rates of fall in thigh and calf skin temperatures and heart rate in FCJ than CON trial during the post-exercise recovery period (P &lt; 0.05). No difference was observed between trials in the rating of perceived exertion (P &gt; 0.05). This study indicates that cooling between exercise bouts and post-exercise with the fan cooling jacket would effectively mitigate thermal strain and perception/discomfort during and following exercise in hot-humid environments. This garment would reduce whole-body skin temperature quickly while promoting falls in lower-body as well as upper-body skin temperatures.

scholarly journals Resting and post exercise Heart Rate Variability in preobese individuals: a comparative study

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Rajalingamgari Venkata Mallikarjuna Vara Prasad ◽  
Meenakshi Sinha ◽  
Jayshri Ghate ◽  
Ramanjan Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Resting State ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Nonparametric Test ◽  
Step Test ◽  
Autonomic Response ◽  
Exercise Heart Rate ◽  
Exercise Recovery ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Post Exercise Recovery

Background: Several studies have documented high incidence of cardiovascular and metabolic disorders in obese individuals. However, scant and contradictory reports are available in this context for the preobese people, especially in young adults.Aims and Objectives: Therefore, present study was conducted to assess the effect of high BMI (between 24-30) on the time & frequency domain measures of HRV in normal healthy adult male subjects during resting and post exercise recovery period.Materials and Methods: Healthy young male individuals with no history of any disease were selected and divided in two groups (n=15 in each) on the basis of their BMI: (i) control (BMI 19-24) & (ii) preobese (BMI 24-30). 15-20 mins of ECG recording was done in the resting state and then till 30 mins after Harvard Step Test. Comparison between groups was done using 2-tailed Mann-Whitney U-nonparametric test. Spearman’s Correlation test was used to assess the correlation between BMI and HRV parameters for each group.Results: During resting state, both groups had similar HRV/min. However, control subject had higher parasympathetic tone (high RMSSD, pNN50 & HF) and low sympathetic tone (low LF & LF/HF) as compared to preobese individuals. In the post exercise recovery period of control BMI individuals, all the indices of sympathetic measures increased and parasympathetic measures decreased significantly. However, no such changes were observed in preobese group, except significant decrease in the HRV/min.Conclusions: The blunted autonomic response in the post exercise recovery clearly indicates towards a potential risk of cardiovascular compromise in preobese individuals.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.9(4) 2018 23-30

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document