Development of a novel harness system to aid in rehabilitation of horses

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 385-391
Author(s):  
S.L. Steinke ◽  
L.J. Belgrave ◽  
J.B. Montgomery
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Load Reduction ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
High Pressure High Temperature ◽  
Abnormal Posture ◽  
Weight Compensation

Development of a rehabilitation harness to aid in recovery from musculoskeletal injuries is needed because serious complications can arise from long-term use of rescue slings. This study’s objective was to determine the anatomical structures of the horse that can bear significant weight, the potential complications that could arise if a horse is not properly supported by the harness and the % weight compensation achievable with the newly developed harness when used together with a dynamic rehabilitation lift. This dynamic lift can reduce the load the limbs carry, either withers-to-pelvis or left-to-right when used in combination with the rehabilitation harness under development. The rehabilitation harness prototype described here was made of cotton/nylon with sheepskin inserts, forming a blanket with high-strength strapping supporting the load-bearing structures of the horse. This prototype was load tested up to 600 kg, for safety, with no sign of failure. In an adult horse, the harness allowed for 40% load reduction from both front (125 of 303 kg [60% of 506 kg]) and hind (80 of 203 kg [40% of 506 kg]) legs before complications (abnormal posture) occurred. Pressure was measured to determine areas of high pressure which lead to the addition of an H-frame and a figure-eight pattern of strapping to the forelimb support reducing pressure, improving posture and achieving greater load reduction (46% [140 of 301.2 kg]). Abnormalities in respiratory rate or pattern were not observed. Future research will include testing the harness longer term (up to six weeks) with the incorporation of an air-pressurised breastplate to detect high-pressure, high-temperature, high-moisture areas, modifying the design further for improved horse-comfort reducing the risk of complications and enabling long-term use of the harness during rehabilitation.

Performance Related Parameters of Flexible Connections Used in Offshore Pipelines

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alok Kumar ◽  
Michael E. Hogan
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Structural Performance ◽  
Gas Mixture ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Offshore Pipelines ◽  
High Pressure High Temperature ◽  
Flexible Connections

Despite continued advances in rubber technology, the design of elastomeric flexible connections, used in offshore pipelines transporting high-pressure/high-temperature hydrocarbon fluid/gas mixture, remains more of an art than a science, primarily due to the intricate behavior of rubber. The mechanical response of rubber is dependent on time, temperature and mode of loading. It is susceptible to explosive decompression damage. Rubber’s non-linear stress-strain curves, creep, hysteresis and other properties are influenced not only by the method of fabrication but also by age. If these characteristics are not accounted for properly, the result can be less precision in design compared with metals. At present, there are no codes or standards that directly address the design, analysis or evaluation of the elastomeric flexible connections used in offshore oilfield applications. Based on the results of the recent research, the significance of key parameters that affect the short term and long term structural performance of elastomeric flexible connections is presented in this paper.

Burst Strength Prediction of OCTG

2012 ◽  
Vol 503-504 ◽  
pp. 1173-1176
Author(s):  
Yong Xing Sun ◽  
Yuan Hua Lin ◽  
Bing Gang Yi ◽  
Lie Xiang Han ◽  
Xiao Feng Yang
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Strength Prediction ◽  
Strength Ratio ◽  
Gas Wells ◽  
Burst Strength ◽  
Service Environment ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
High Pressure High Temperature ◽  
Sulfur Containing

With high pressure high temperature (HPHT) oil & gas wells increasing, oil country tubular goods (OCTG) service environment tends to be critical complex. In these critical oil & gas wells, when burst failures of high strength service grades for downhole applications once take place, the H2S gas may be run freely between tubing and intermediate casing, intermediate casing and surface casing, even the sulfur-containing gases spring ground, the harm is self-evident. Therefore, an accurate prediction of the burst strength, which is defined as the maximum value of internal pressure required to cause the steel casing to fail, is a very important consideration in the casing design process. The burst model has been provided in ISO/TR10400:2007, but almost half of the predictionts exceed the test burst strength. So this paper develops a new model that incorporates the influence of yield-to-tensile strength ratio on burst failure of casing and tubing without defects.

Effects of high pressure on the crystallization of carbon fiber reinforced polyetheretherketone (CF/PEEK) laminate composites

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 876-877
Author(s):  
Hong-Ming Lin ◽  
C. H. Liu ◽  
R. F. Lee
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Sample Surface ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Laminate Composites ◽  
Peek Composite ◽  
Continuous Carbon Fiber ◽  
Carbon Fiber Reinforced

Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is a crystallizable thermoplastic used as composite matrix materials in application which requires high yield stress, high toughness, long term high temperature service, and resistance to solvent and radiation. There have been several reports on the crystallization behavior of neat PEEK and of CF/PEEK composite. Other reports discussed the effects of crystallization on the mechanical properties of PEEK and CF/PEEK composites. However, these reports were all concerned with the crystallization or melting processes at or close to atmospheric pressure. Thus, the effects of high pressure on the crystallization of CF/PEEK will be examined in this study.The continuous carbon fiber reinforced PEEK (CF/PEEK) laminate composite with 68 wt.% of fibers was obtained from Imperial Chemical Industry (ICI). For the high pressure experiments, HIP was used to keep these samples under 1000, 1500 or 2000 atm. Then the samples were slowly cooled from 420 °C to 60 °C in the cooling rate about 1 - 2 degree per minute to induce high pressure crystallization. After the high pressure treatment, the samples were scanned in regular DSC to study the crystallinity and the melting temperature. Following the regular polishing, etching, and gold coating of the sample surface, the scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to image the microstructure of the crystals. Also the samples about 25mmx5mmx3mm were prepared for the 3-point bending tests.

Physical and Psychological Benefits of Written Emotional Expression

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 242-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Éva Kállay
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Expressive Writing ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Psychological Benefits ◽  
Cost Effective Treatment ◽  
Meta Analyses

Abstract. The last several decades have witnessed a substantial increase in the number of individuals suffering from both diagnosable and subsyndromal mental health problems. Consequently, the development of cost-effective treatment methods, accessible to large populations suffering from different forms of mental health problems, became imperative. A very promising intervention is the method of expressive writing (EW), which may be used in both clinically diagnosable cases and subthreshold symptomatology. This method, in which people express their feelings and thoughts related to stressful situations in writing, has been found to improve participants’ long-term psychological, physiological, behavioral, and social functioning. Based on a thorough analysis and synthesis of the published literature (also including most recent meta-analyses), the present paper presents the expressive writing method, its short- and long-term, intra-and interpersonal effects, different situations and conditions in which it has been proven to be effective, the most important mechanisms implied in the process of recovery, advantages, disadvantages, and possible pitfalls of the method, as well as variants of the original technique and future research directions.

Subcritical Crack Growth and Long-Term Strength in Rock and High-Strength and Ultra Low-Permeability Concrete

2009 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 525-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshitaka NARA ◽  
Masafumi TAKADA ◽  
Daisuke MORI ◽  
Hitoshi OWADA ◽  
Tetsuro YONEDA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crack Growth ◽  
Subcritical Crack Growth ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Low Permeability ◽  
Term Strength
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