Association of blood pressure and postural control in older adults with hypertension: an observational study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
P. Sharma ◽  
S. Parveen ◽  
S. Masood ◽  
M.M. Noohu
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Balance Performance ◽  
Position Change ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Balance System ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Standing Up ◽  
Functional Position

The study investigated the association of orthostatic hypotension (OH) with functional position change and balance in older adults with hypertension. The presence of OH was assessed with intermittent (OH intermittent) and continuous blood pressure (OH continuous) monitoring. The change in functional position was tested with sitting to standing assessment, balance performance using activity specific balance confidence scale (ABC), and timed up and go test (TUG). Testing unilateral and bilateral standing with and without altered sensory inputs was tested using the Humac balance system. ABC, TUG, and standing up time showed no significant association with OH intermittent and OH continuous. A significant association was found between bilateral standing with eyes closed on foam surface for overall stability index and OH intermittent. Older people with hypertension may be routinely examined for OH and appropriate intervention strategies should be included for comprehensive care.

scholarly journals Orthostatic Blood Pressure Recovery Measured Using a Sphygmomanometer Is Not Associated with Physical Performance or Number of Falls in Geriatric Outpatients

Gerontology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Arjen Mol ◽  
Marieke Esmé Charlotte Blom ◽  
Danique Johanna van den Bosch ◽  
Richard Jack Anton Van Wezel ◽  
Carel G.M. Meskers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Clinical Relevance ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Entire Cohort ◽  
The Past ◽  
Orthostatic Blood Pressure ◽  
Standing Up ◽  
Age And Sex

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Orthostatic hypotension (OH) and impaired OH recovery derived from beat-to-beat blood pressure (BP) measurements are associated with detrimental clinical outcome, but the clinical relevance of OH recovery assessed using the widely available sphygmomanometer is still unclear. <b><i>Method:</i></b> 635 geriatric outpatients underwent comprehensive geriatric assessment, including orthostatic BP measurements using a sphygmomanometer, during supine rest and 1 and 3 min after standing up and assessment of physical performance (i.e., the timed up and go test and the Short Physical Performance Battery) and the number of falls in the past year. The association between BP recovery, defined as BP at 3 min minus BP at 1 min after standing up, with physical performance and falls was assessed using regression analyses, adjusting for age and sex, both in the entire cohort and after stratifying for the presence of OH at 1 min after standing up. <b><i>Results:</i></b> BP recovery was not associated with physical performance or number of falls, neither in the entire cohort, nor in subpopulations with or without OH. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The clinical relevance of BP recovery between 1 and 3 min after standing up could not be demonstrated. The results suggest that sphygmomanometer measurements have an inadequate time resolution to record the clinically relevant dynamics of orthostatic BP recovery.

Effects of Cognitive and Physical Loads on Dynamic and Static Balance Performance of Healthy Older Adults Under Single-, Dual-, and Multi-task Conditions

2020 ◽  
pp. 001872082092462
Author(s):  
Hamid Allahverdipour ◽  
Iman Dianat ◽  
Galavizh Mameh ◽  
Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Static Balance ◽  
Balance Performance ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Physical Task ◽  
Task Conditions ◽  
And Control

Objective The aim of this study is to examine the effects of cognitive and physical loads on dynamic and static balance performance of healthy older adults under single-, dual-, and multi-task conditions. Background Previous studies on postural control in older adults have generally used dual-task methodology, whereas less attention has been paid to multi-task performance, despite its importance in many daily and occupational activities. Method The effects of single versus combined (dual-task and multi-task) cognitive (to speak out the name of the weekdays in a reverse order) and physical (with three levels including handling weights of 1, 2, and 3 kg in each hand) loads on dynamic and static balance performance of 42 older adults (21 males and 21 females) aged ≥60 years were examined. Dynamic and static balance measures were evaluated using the Timed Up and Go (TUG) and stabilometer (sway index) tests, respectively. Results The TUG speed of female participants was generally slower than that of male participants. Age had no effect on balance performance measures. Under dual-task conditions, cognitive load decreased the dynamic balance performance, while the physical task levels had no effect. The dual-task conditions had no impact on the static balance performance. The effects of cognitive and physical loads on dynamic balance performance varied under dual- and multi-task conditions. Conclusion The findings highlight differences between dual- and multi-task protocols and add to the understanding of balance performance in older adults under cognitive and physical loads. Application The present study highlights differences between dual- and multi-task methodologies that need to be considered in future studies of balance and control in older adults.

scholarly journals Superior Effects of Modified Chen-Style Tai Chi versus 24-Style Tai Chi on Cognitive Function, Fitness, and Balance Performance in Adults over 55

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liye Zou ◽  
Paul D. Loprinzi ◽  
Jane Jie Yu ◽  
Lin Yang ◽  
Chunxiao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Tai Chi ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Aging Population ◽  
Balance Performance ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Global Cognitive Function ◽  
Age Related

Background: Cognitive decline and balance impairment are prevalent in the aging population. Previous studies investigated the beneficial effects of 24-style Tai Chi (TC-24) on either cognitive function or balance performance of older adults. It still remains largely unknown whether modified Chen-style TC (MTC) that includes 18 complex movements is more beneficial for these age-related health outcomes, as compared to TC-24. Objective: We investigated if MTC would show greater effects than TC-24 on global cognitive function and balance-related outcomes among older adults. Methods: We conducted a randomized trial where 80 eligible adults aged over 55 were allocated into two different styles of Tai Chi (TC) arms (sixty-minute session × three times per week, 12 weeks). Outcome assessments were performed at three time periods (baseline, Week 6, and Week 12) and included the Chinese Version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) for overall cognitive function, One-leg Standing Test (LST) for static balance, Timed Up and Go Test (TUGT) for dynamic balance, chair Stand Test (CST) for leg power, and the six-meter Walk Test (6MWT) for aerobic exercise capacity. Results: Compared to TC-24 arm, MTC arm demonstrated significantly greater improvements in MoCA, LST, TUGT, CST, and 6MWT (all p < 0.05). Conclusions: Both forms of TC were effective in enhancing global cognitive function, balance, and fitness. Furthermore, MTC was more effective than TC-24 in enhancing these health-related parameters in an aging population.

scholarly journals Balance Performance Is Task Specific in Older Adults

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayelet Dunsky ◽  
Aviva Zeev ◽  
Yael Netz
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Static Balance ◽  
Balance Performance ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Balance Tests ◽  
Balance Ability

Balance ability among the elderly is a key component in the activities of daily living and is divided into two types: static and dynamic. For clinicians who wish to assess the risk of falling among their elderly patients, it is unclear if more than one type of balance test can be used to measure their balance impairment. In this study, we examined the association between static balance measures and two dynamic balance field tests. One hundred and twelve community-dwelling older adults (mean age 74.6) participated in the study. They underwent the Tetrax static postural assessment and then performed the Timed Up and Go (TUG) and the Functional Reach (FR) Test as dynamic balance tests. In general, low-moderate correlations were found between the two types of balance tests. For women, age and static balance parameters explained 28.1–40.4% of the variance of TUG scores and 14.6–24% of the variance of FR scores. For men, age and static balance parameters explained 9.5–31.2% of the variance of TUG scores and 23.9–41.7% of the variance of FR scores. Based on our findings, it is suggested that a combination of both static and dynamic tests be used for assessing postural balance ability.

Effects of Resistance- and Flexibility-Exercise Interventions on Balance and Related Measures in Older Adults

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 444-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Louise Bird ◽  
Keith Hill ◽  
Madeleine Ball ◽  
Andrew D. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Step Test ◽  
Balance Performance ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Sit To Stand ◽  
Lower Limb Strength ◽  
Flexibility Training

This research explored the balance benefits to untrained older adults of participating in community-based resistance and flexibility programs. In a blinded randomized crossover trial, 32 older adults (M = 66.9 yr) participated in a resistance-exercise program and a flexibility-exercise program for 16 weeks each. Sway velocity and mediolateral sway range were recorded. Timed up-and-go, 10 times sit-to-stand, and step test were also assessed, and lower limb strength was measured. Significant improvements in sway velocity, as well as timed up-and-go, 10 times sit-to-stand, and step test, were seen with both interventions, with no significant differences between the 2 groups. Resistance training resulted in significant increases in strength that were not evident in the flexibility intervention. Balance performance was significantly improved after both resistance training and standing flexibility training; however, further investigation is required to determine the mechanisms responsible for the improvement.

scholarly journals Canan Outdoor Multisurface Terrain Enhance the Effects of Fall Prevention Exercise in Older Adults? A Randomized Controlled Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (19) ◽  
pp. 7023
Author(s):  
Tong-Yue Zhou ◽  
Xiao-Mei Yuan ◽  
Xiao-Jun Ma
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Fall Prevention ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Nursing Home Residents ◽  
Walk Test ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Solid Ground ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Standing Test

Walking on complex surface conditions in outdoor environments is important for active aging. This study aimed at examining whether fall prevention exercise integrated with an outdoor multisurface terrain compared with indoor solid ground was more beneficial for older adults. Twenty-two older nursing home residents were randomly assigned to outdoor multisurface terrain (n = 11, 79.5 ± 2.1 years) or indoor solid ground (n = 11, 78.8 ± 5.2 years) groups. Training occurred five times per week (30 min) for 3 weeks. The following performance test outcomes were measured: 10 m walk test (10 mWT), multisurface terrain walk test (MTWT), 2 min walk test (2 MWT), timed up and go test (TUGT), single-leg standing test with eyes open (SLSTEO), single-leg standing test with eyes closed (SLSTEC), and closed cycles test (CCT). Compared with baseline, the outdoor multisurface terrain training significantly improved performance in all tests (p < 0.01). The improvements of the outdoor multisurface terrain group after intervention were significantly higher than those of the indoor solid group in the 10 mWT (p = 0.049), MTWT (p = 0.02), and 2 MWT (p = 0.000). Exercise combined with outdoor multisurface terrain training may be an efficacious approach and a feasible environmental intervention for fall prevention in older adults.

scholarly journals Measurement of Centre of Pressure Using the Wii Balance Board in Older Adults with Simulated Visual Impairment

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 658-658
Author(s):  
Berkley Petersen ◽  
Karen Li ◽  
Caitlin Murphy ◽  
Aaron Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Postural Stability ◽  
Centre Of Pressure ◽  
Balance Performance ◽  
Single Task ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Math Task ◽  
Hearing Acuity

Abstract Postural stability is a complex skill dependent upon the coordination of motor, sensory and cognitive systems. The purpose of this project was therefore to explore how older adults’ balance performance is impacted by increased cognitive load, hearing loss, and simulated vision loss. Twenty-eight older adults between the ages of 50 and 93 years (M = 73.86, SD = 10.43) were tested. Participants underwent standard sensory acuity and cognitive functioning tests. The balance trials varied as a function of cognitive load and visual challenge resulting in five conditions: (1) eyes closed, (2) normal vision clear goggles (NV) (3) simulated low vision (20/80) goggles (LV) (4) LV and math task, (5) NV and math task. Postural stability was assessed with three key center of pressure parameters: total path length (TPL), anterior-posterior amplitude (APA) and medial-lateral amplitude (MLA). A mixed-model ANOVA using hearing acuity as a covariate revealed significant effects of complexity in sway amplitude: (APA: p &lt; .017; MLA: p &lt; .020), while TPL approached significance (p &lt; .074). T-tests revealed significant (p &lt; .05) decreases in balance performance across all 3 centre of pressure parameters when comparing single task NV to dual-task NV, NV vs. eyes closed and single task NV vs. LV dual-task. There were significant positive correlations between hearing acuity and balance (MLA) under single task NV (r = .491) and LV conditions (r = .497). Results suggest the attentional demands from increased cognitive load and sensory loss lead to decreases in older adults’ single- and dual-task balance performance.

scholarly journals Effect of a common UMOD variant on kidney function, blood pressure, cognitive and physical function in a community-based cohort of older adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Elizabeth Villagomez Fuentes ◽  
Engi Abdel–Hady Algharably ◽  
Sarah Toepfer ◽  
Maximilian König ◽  
Ilja Demuth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Kidney Function ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Digit Symbol Substitution Test ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Timed Up And Go

AbstractIn genome-wide association studies, genetic variants in the UMOD gene associate with kidney function, blood pressure (BP), and hypertension. Elevated BP is linked to kidney function and impaired cognitive as well as physical performance in later life. We investigated the association between UMOD rs4293393–A > G and kidney function, BP, cognitive and physical function in the Berlin Aging Study II (BASE–II). Data of 1556 older BASE–II participants (mean age 68.2 ± 3.7 years) were analyzed. BP was determined by standardized automated measurements, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) by CKD Epidemiology Collaboration creatinine equation. Cognitive function was assessed by Mini-Mental State Examination and Digit Symbol Substitution Test, while physical function by Handgrip Strength and Timed Up and Go-Test. Association analyses were performed by covariance and logistic regression models adjusting for sex. G–allele carriers at UMOD rs4293393 exhibited significantly higher eGFR values compared to non–carriers (AA, 76.4 ml/min/1.73 m², CI: 75.7–77.2 vs. AG, 78.4 ml/min/1.73 m², CI: 77.3–79.5 vs. GG, 78.5 ml/min/1.73 m², CI: 75.4–81.7; P = 0.010), and a lower risk of eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 (AG, OR: 0.63, CI: 0.41–0.97, P = 0.033). However, UMOD rs4293393 genotypes were not associated with BP, diagnosis of hypertension or cognitive and physical function parameters. Our data corroborate previous findings on the association of UMOD rs4293393-G with better kidney function in older adults. However, no association between UMOD and BP or physical and cognitive parameters in these community-dwelling older adults was detected.

scholarly journals Standing Up Slowly Antagonises Initial Blood Pressure Decrease in Older Adults with Orthostatic Hypotension

Gerontology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eline S. de Bruïne ◽  
Esmee M. Reijnierse ◽  
Marijke C. Trappenburg ◽  
Jantsje H. Pasma ◽  
Oscar J. de Vries ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Orthostatic Hypotension ◽  
Standing Position ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Pharmacological Intervention ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Normal Transition ◽  
Standing Up

Background: Orthostatic hypotension (OH) is common in older adults and associated with increased morbidity and mortality, loss of independence and high health-care costs. Standing up slowly is a recommended non-pharmacological intervention. However, the effectiveness of this advice has not been well studied. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate whether standing up slowly antagonises posture-related blood pressure (BP) decrease in a clinically relevant population of geriatric outpatients. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 24 community-dwelling older adults referred to a geriatric outpatient clinic and diagnosed with OH were included. BP was measured continuously during 3 consecutive transitions from supine to standing position during normal, slow and fast transition. Results: The relative BP decrease at 0-15 s after slow transition was significantly lower than after normal transition (p = 0.003 for both systolic BP and diastolic BP) and fast transition (p = 0.045 for systolic BP; diastolic BP: non-significant). The relative diastolic BP decrease at 60-180 s after normal transition was significantly lower than after fast transition (p = 0.029). Conclusion: Standing up slowly antagonises BP decrease predominantly during the first 15 s of standing up in a clinically relevant population of geriatric outpatients diagnosed with OH. Results support the non-pharmacological intervention in clinical practice to counteract OH.

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