Feed-borne exposure to deoxynivalenol leads to acute and chronic effects on liver enzymes and histology in carp

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a frequent contaminant of feeds in aquaculture, but the consequences of this contamination have rarely been evaluated. Previous studies on carp indicated effects of DON on liver function and histology after four weeks of feeding. The present study aimed to unravel the time course of liver responses of carp to orally applied DON. Therefore, liver enzyme activities and histology have been investigated after 7, 14, 26 and 56 days of DON feeding. The acute response comprises down-regulation of biotransformation enzymes, whereas the chronic response to DON is characterised by activation of alanine aminotransferase which indicates damage to liver tissue. Examination of histological sections of liver tissue revealed that changes such as fat aggregation, vacuolisation and hyperaemia were present after 14 and 26 days of exposure to DON but not thereafter. Several enzymes involved in glutathione cycling and reduction of oxidative stress were found to be reduced after 26 and 56 days of DON feeding. The results suggest that supporting the antioxidative system, e.g. by using glutathione-enriched yeast extracts as a food additive, might be successful in preventing the effects of DON in carp. This is the basis of a fundamental hypothesis since DON contamination of fish feed leads to pronounced effects on liver histology and liver enzyme activities which may also cause changes in the normal liver metabolism of endogenous and xenobiotic compounds.

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Pharmacological and Pathological Studies on Hepatic Protective Crude Drugs from Taiwan (V): The Effects of Bombax malabarica and Scutellaria rivularis

The American Journal of Chinese Medicine ◽

10.1142/s0192415x92000266 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 20 (03n04) ◽

pp. 257-264 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Hui-Fen Chiu ◽

Chun-Ching Lin ◽

Ming-Hong Yen ◽

Pei-Shan Wu ◽

Chun-Yuh Yang

Keyword(s):

Liver Enzyme ◽

Enzyme Activities ◽

Liver Tissue ◽

Mainland China ◽

Fatty Degeneration ◽

Boiling Water ◽

Hepatoprotective Effect ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Cell Necrosis ◽

Crude Drugs

Bombax malabarica DC and Scutellaria rivularis B. were extracted in boiling water and concentrated into 1 g/ml solution to investigate their hepatoprotective effect. Carbon tertrachloride ( CCL 4) was injected into rat subcutanously with a dose of 3.0 ml/kg to induce experimental acute hepatotoxicity in the animal. The activities of serum glumtamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamicpyruvic transaminase (SGPT) were measured after 72 hours of CCL 4 administration. The hepatopathological changes of the liver tissue were observed simultaneosly with liver enzyme activities determination. The pharmacological effect of B. malabarica and S. rivularis of Taiwan was compared with that of the Bupleurum chinense from mainland China. B malabarica( p < 0.001), S. rivularis( p < 0.001) and B. chinense( p < 0.05) all demonstrated a significant reduction in the CCL 4-induced SGOT and SGPT. Pathological studies of these three drugs extracts demonstrated a marked hepato-protective effects on CCL 4-induced liver fatty degeneration and cell necrosis.

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Time-Course of Changes in Rat Liver Enzyme Activities after Initiation of a High Protein Regimen

Journal of Nutrition ◽

10.1093/jn/94.4.463 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 94 (4) ◽

pp. 463-468 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Bela Szepesi ◽

Richard A. Freedland

Keyword(s):

Liver Enzyme ◽

Rat Liver ◽

Enzyme Activities ◽

Time Course ◽

High Protein

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The influence of feeding purple wheat with higher content of anthocyanins on antioxidant status and selected enzyme activity of animals

Acta Veterinaria Brno ◽

10.2754/avb201685040371 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 85 (4) ◽

pp. 371-376 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Eva Mrkvicová ◽

Leoš Pavlata ◽

Filip Karásek ◽

Ondřej Šťastník ◽

Eva Doležalová ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Liver Enzyme ◽

Enzyme Activities ◽

Liver Tissue ◽

Transferase Activity ◽

Anthocyanin Content ◽

Total Anthocyanin ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Glutamyl Transferase

The influence of anthocyanins on antioxidant activity and liver function was measured in three different animal species (rats, chickens and fish). Purple Konini wheat with the total anthocyanin content (TAC) of 41.70 mg/kg was fed to the experimental groups of animals (rats n = 32; chickens n = 32; fish n = 20). The same numbers of animals (control groups) were fed common wheat with TAC of 24.95 mg/kg. At the end of the experiment, the animals were killed and blood and liver tissues were taken for biochemical analyses. The liver enzyme activities were measured in blood. Antioxidant activity in the liver tissue was measured using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl test), FR (Free Radicals method), FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power method), and ABTS (2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) test. Significantly higher values (P< 0.05) measured by the DPPH and FR methods were determined in the liver from rats fed Konini wheat. The chickens fed Konini wheat showed significantly different values using DPPH, FR and ABTS methods. No significant differences were found in hepatopancreases of fish. Animals fed Konini wheat showed a tendency to lower liver enzyme activities in general, but a significant difference was found only in gamma-glutamyl transferase activity in the chicken’s blood. Our results suggest that feeding a higher content of anthocyanins can improve the antioxidant activity and function of the liver tissue.

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Acute and Chronic Effects of Antibiotics on Deterioration of Anaerobic Substrate Utilization

Current Organic Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1385272821666170117095645 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 21 (12) ◽

pp. 1044-1053 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Zeynep Cetecioglu ◽

Derin Orhon

Keyword(s):

Substrate Utilization ◽

Chronic Effects ◽

Acute And Chronic Effects

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Acute, medium and long-term effects of yellow sand and air pollutants on allergy and biomarker search

Impact ◽

10.21820/23987073.2020.3.63 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 (3) ◽

pp. 63-65

Author(s):

Tomomi Higashi

Keyword(s):

Air Pollutants ◽

Genetic Factors ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Emergency Rooms ◽

Improve Treatment ◽

Treatment And Prevention ◽

Chronic Effects ◽

Difficulty Breathing ◽

Acute And Chronic Effects

Talk to any allergy sufferer and they will tell you how awful it can be. Runny noses, itchy eyes, coughing and difficulties breathing. For many these symptoms rise only to the level of annoyance and can be avoided by steering clear of the source of their allergy. What many people don't realise though is that allergies can become a far more serious issue for a large segment of the population. Shortness of breath and difficulty breathing due to allergies bring many people to emergency rooms and these are just the acute symptoms. Along with the potential for an allergic attack during a windy or dusty day, researchers and medical professionals are beginning to recognise that there are chronic, long term effects associated with allergies. In order to mitigate both the acute and chronic effects of allergies a better understanding of how genetic factors combine with environmental conditions to produce the ranges of symptoms and effects of allergy suffers is needed. Professor Tomomi Higashi, from the Department of Hygiene at Kanazawa University in Japan, is an expert in this field and is currently working to improve treatment and prevention of allergic disease.

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