Using T Cell Lymphokines of Hyperimmunized Chickens with Salmonella enteritidis to Protect Neonatal Broiler Chicks Against Infectious Bronchitis Disease

This study was aimed to enhance the immune response of the broilers by vitamin E and Cod liver oil supplement with locally inactivated bivalent vaccine of Newcastle disease and Infectious bronchitis viruses. One hundred and twenty broiler chicks Ross 308 were divided to four groups at 30 chicks of each group. The 2nd group was vaccinated with 0.5ml/chick of locally inactivated ND-IB vaccine at 5 days old. The 3rd group was vaccinated with 0.5ml locally ND-IB vaccine and 0.1 ml/chick of VE. The 4th group was vaccinated with 0.5ml of locally ND-IB vaccine and 0.1ml/chick of Cod liver oil, while the first group was left without vaccination as a control group. All groups were vaccinated with attenuated ND-IB at 3 days old and attenuated IBD at 14 days old. The results of ELISA test revealed that the 3rd and 4th groups showed significantly increased (P≤0.05) in Ab titers against ND virus at aged 35 days, also, the 4th group showed significantly (P≤0.05) increased in Ab titers against IB virus at day 35 of age as compared with the other groups. The 4th group showed a significant (P≤0.05) increased in bursal index as compared with the other groups. The results of challenge test revealed that vaccinated groups resist the velogenic ND and IB viruses with relatively high productive range particularly the 4th group as compared with other groups. In conclusion, the VE and Cod liver oil supplement with local bivalent oil based vaccine of ND and IBV may enhance the immune response of the broilers particularly the 4th group which vaccinated with 0.5 ml of local bivalent oil based vaccine of ND-IB vaccine and 0.1 ml Cod liver oil.

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Comparative protective immunity provided by live vaccines of Newcastle disease virus or avian metapneumovirus when co-administered alongside classical and variant strains of infectious bronchitis virus in day-old broiler chicks

Vaccine ◽

10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.09.081 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 37 (52) ◽

pp. 7566-7575 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Christopher Ball ◽

Anne Forrester ◽

Andreas Herrmann ◽

Stephane Lemiere ◽

Kannan Ganapathy

Keyword(s):

Newcastle Disease Virus ◽

Disease Virus ◽

Infectious Bronchitis Virus ◽

Newcastle Disease ◽

Protective Immunity ◽

Broiler Chicks ◽

Avian Metapneumovirus ◽

Live Vaccines ◽

Infectious Bronchitis

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Movement and Persistence of Salmonella in Broiler Chickens following Oral or Intracloacal Inoculation

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x-68.12.2698 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 68 (12) ◽

pp. 2698-2701 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

J. S. BAILEY ◽

N. A. COX ◽

D. E. COSBY ◽

L. J. RICHARDSON

Keyword(s):

Salmonella Typhimurium ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Salmonella Enteritidis ◽

Alimentary Tract ◽

Broiler Chicks ◽

Transient Time ◽

Time Required ◽

Group D

The dissemination of Salmonella into various lymphoid-like organs in young broiler chicks after oral and intracloacal inoculation was studied. A three-strain cocktail of Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Montevideo, and Salmonella Enter-itidis was administered either orally or intracloacally to day-old chicks. After 1 h, 1 day, or 1 week, the ceca, thymus, liver and gallbladder, spleen, and bursa were sampled for the presence of Salmonella. There was a marked difference in the recovery of Salmonella 1 h postinoculation. Only 6 of 50 samples from orally inoculated chicks were positive compared with 33 of 50 samples from cloacally inoculated samples. In comparison, 24 h and 1 week after inoculation, there was no difference in the number of positive samples between oral or cloacal inoculation. The rapidity of the translocation of the Salmonella from the cloacal inoculum compared to the oral inoculum is likely due to the transient time required for Salmonella to move through the alimentary tract. The method of inoculation did not affect the distribution of serogroups. Of the three serotypes in the composite inoculum, the Salmonella Enteritidis (group D) was recovered only twice in replication 1 and not at all in replication 2. Both the Salmonella Typhimurium (serogroup B) and the Salmonella Montevideo (serogroup C1) were recovered extensively throughout the study.

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Vaccine Design against Coronavirus Spike (S) Glycoprotein in Chicken: Immunoinformatic and Computational Approaches

10.21203/rs.3.rs-25375/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Eman Ali Awadelkareem ◽

Sumaia Awad Elkariem Ali

Keyword(s):

T Cell ◽

Rna Virus ◽

Protein S ◽

Economic Loss ◽

Protein Characterization ◽

Spike Protein ◽

T Cell Epitopes ◽

Resistance Response ◽

S Protein ◽

Infectious Bronchitis

Abstract Background: Infectious bronchitis (IB) is a highly contagious respiratory disease in chickens and produces economic loss within the poultry industry. This disease is caused by a single stranded RNA virus belonging to Cronaviridae family. This study aimed to design a potential multi-epitopes vaccine against Infectious bronchitis virus spike protein (S). Protein characterization was also performed for IBV spike protein.Methods: The present study used various tools in Immune Epitope Database (IEDB) to predict conserved B and T cell epitopes against IBV spike (S) protein that may perform a significant role in provoking the resistance response to IBV infection. Results: In B cell prediction methods, three epitopes (1139KKSSYY1144, 1140KSSYYT1145, 1141SSYYT1145) were selected as surface, linear and antigenic epitopes. Many MHCI and MHCII epitopes were predicted for IBV S protein. Among them 982YYITARDMY990 and 983YITARDMYM991 epitopes displayed high antigenicity, no allergenicity and no toxicity as well as great linkage with MHCI and MHCII alleles. Moreover, docking analysis of MHCI epitope produced strong binding affinity with BF2 alleles. Conclusion: Five conserved epitopes were expected from spike glycoprotein of IBV as the best B and T cell epitopes due to high antigenicity, no allergenicity and no toxicity. In addition, MHC epitopes showed great linkage with MHC alleles as well as strong interaction with BF2 alleles. These epitopes should be designed and incorporated and then tested as multi-epitope vaccine against IBV.

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Effect of a Mixture of Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) Isomers on T Cell Subpopulation and Responsiveness to Mitogen in Splenocytes of Male Broiler Chicks

Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences ◽

10.5713/ajas.2007.954 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 20 (6) ◽

pp. 954-961 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Kazuaki Takahashi ◽

Kenji Kawamata ◽

Yukio Akiba

Keyword(s):

Linoleic Acid ◽

T Cell ◽

Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽

Cell Subpopulation ◽

Broiler Chicks ◽

Cla Isomers

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Vaccine Design against Coronavirus Spike (S) Glycoprotein in Chicken: Immunoinformatic and Computational Approaches

10.21203/rs.3.rs-25375/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Sumaia Awad Elkariem Ali ◽

Eman Ali Awadelkareem

Keyword(s):

T Cell ◽

B Cell ◽

Rna Virus ◽

Economic Loss ◽

T Cell Epitopes ◽

Resistance Response ◽

Docking Analysis ◽

S Protein ◽

Infectious Bronchitis ◽

Mhc Alleles

Abstract Background: Infectious bronchitis (IB) is a highly contagious respiratory disease in chickens and produces economic loss within the poultry industry. It is caused by a single stranded RNA virus belonging to Cronaviridae family. Methods: The present study used various tools in Immune Epitope Database (IEDB) to predict conserved B and T cell epitopes against IBV spike (S) protein that may perform a significant role in provoking the resistance response to IBV infection. Results: In B cell prediction methods, three epitopes (1139KKSSYY1144, 1140KSSYYT1145, 1141SSYYT1145) were selected as surface, linear and antigenic epitopes. Many MHCI and MHCII epitopes were predicted for IBV S protein. Among them 982YYITARDMY990 and 983YITARDMYM991 epitopes displayed high antigenicity, no allergenicity and no toxicity as well as great linkage with MHCI and MHCII alleles. Moreover, docking analysis of MHCI epitope produced strong binding affinity with BF2 alleles. Conclusion: Five conserved epitopes were expected from spike glycoprotein of IBV as the best B cell and T cell epitopes due to high antigenicity, no allergenicity and no toxicity. In addition, MHC epitopes showed great linkage with MHC alleles as well as strong interaction with BF2 alleles. These epitopes should be designed and incorporated and then tested as multi-epitope vaccine against IBV.

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Infections and pathology of free-roaming backyard chickens on St. Kitts, West Indies

Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation ◽

10.1177/1040638719843638 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 31 (3) ◽

pp. 343-349 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Pompei Bolfa ◽

John J. Callanan ◽

Jenifer Ketzis ◽

Silvia Marchi ◽

Trista Cheng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Disease Virus ◽

Salmonella Enteritidis ◽

Infectious Bursal Disease ◽

Caribbean Island ◽

Infectious Bronchitis ◽

Caribbean Islands ◽

Bursal Disease ◽

Virus West Nile ◽

Backyard Chickens ◽

Apparently Healthy

Free-roaming chickens on Caribbean islands are important sentinels for local avian diseases and those introduced by birds migrating through the Americas. We studied 81 apparently healthy unvaccinated free-roaming chickens from 9 parishes on St. Kitts, an eastern Caribbean island. Using commercial ELISAs, no chickens had antibodies against avian influenza virus, West Nile virus, or Salmonella Enteritidis, although seropositivity was high to infectious bursal disease virus (86%), infectious bronchitis virus (84%), Mycoplasma (37%), and avian avulavirus 1 (Newcastle disease virus, 31%). Examination of small and large intestinal contents revealed cestodes in 79% and nematodes in 75% of the chickens. Although ectoparasites and endoparasites were common (74% and 79%, respectively), only a few chickens had lesions at postmortem examination, mainly intestinal serosal nodules (12%) and feather loss (6%). Histologic examination of 18 organs from each bird revealed lesions in high percentages of organs, mainly the liver (86%), lung (75%), spleen (60%), small intestine (56%), skin (42%), and kidney (40%). Lesions included degenerative, reactive, inflammatory, and neoplastic, and were not correlated with the serologic status of the chickens except in one case of infectious bursal disease. Microscopically, Paratanaisia bragai was seen in the kidneys of 3 chickens and intestinal coccidiasis in 1 chicken. Pulmonary silicate aggregates were common, were present in intestinal serosal nodules, and were suggestive of environmental exposure.

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