scholarly journals Cost-efficient service selection and execution and blockchain-enabled serverless network for internet of medical things

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 7344-7362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah Lakhan ◽  
◽  
Mazhar Ali Dootio ◽  
Ali Hassan Sodhro ◽  
Sandeep Pirbhulal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Security ◽  
Service Selection ◽  
Healthcare Applications ◽  
Geographically Distributed ◽  
Cost Simulation ◽  
Internet Of Medical Things ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Ubiquitous Network ◽  
Application Execution

<abstract><p>These days, healthcare applications on the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) network have been growing to deal with different diseases via different sensors. These healthcare sensors are connecting to the various healthcare fog servers. The hospitals are geographically distributed and offer different services to the patients from any ubiquitous network. However, due to the full offloading of data to the insecure servers, two main challenges exist in the IoMT network. (i) Data security of workflows healthcare applications between different fog healthcare nodes. (ii) The cost-efficient and QoS efficient scheduling of healthcare applications in the IoMT system. This paper devises the Cost-Efficient Service Selection and Execution and Blockchain-Enabled Serverless Network for Internet of Medical Things system. The goal is to choose cost-efficient services and schedule all tasks based on their QoS and minimum execution cost. Simulation results show that the proposed outperform all existing schemes regarding data security, validation by 10%, and cost of application execution by 33% in IoMT.</p></abstract>

scholarly journals A Novel Cost-Efficient Framework for Critical Heartbeat Task Scheduling Using the Internet of Medical Things in a Fog Cloud System

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qurat-ul-ain Mastoi ◽  
Teh Ying Wah ◽  
Ram Gopal Raj ◽  
Abdullah Lakhan
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Task Scheduling ◽  
Minimum Cost ◽  
Cloud Services ◽  
Cloud System ◽  
Scheduling Problems ◽  
Healthcare Applications ◽  
Algorithm Framework ◽  
Internet Of Medical Things ◽  
Cost Efficient

Recently, there has been a cloud-based Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) solution offering different healthcare services to wearable sensor devices for patients. These services are global, and can be invoked anywhere at any place. Especially, electrocardiogram (ECG) sensors, such as Lead I and Lead II, demands continuous cloud services for real-time execution. However, these services are paid and need a lower cost-efficient process for the users. In this paper, this study considered critical heartbeat cost-efficient task scheduling problems for healthcare applications in the fog cloud system. The objective was to offer omnipresent cloud services to the generated data with minimum cost. This study proposed a novel health care based fog cloud system (HCBFS) to collect, analyze, and determine the process of critical tasks of the heartbeat medical application for the purpose of minimizing the total cost. This study devised a health care awareness cost-efficient task scheduling (HCCETS) algorithm framework, which not only schedule all tasks with minimum cost, but also executes them on their deadlines. Performance evaluation shows that the proposed task scheduling algorithm framework outperformed the existing algorithm methods in terms of cost.

scholarly journals Comparison of LPWAN Technologies: Cost Structure and Scalability

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Istiak Hossain ◽  
Jan I. Markendahl
Keyword(s):  
Communication Technology ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Cost Structure ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Wide Area Network ◽  
Generic Framework ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
The Cost

AbstractSmall-scale commercial rollouts of Cellular-IoT (C-IoT) networks have started globally since last year. However, among the plethora of low power wide area network (LPWAN) technologies, the cost-effectiveness of C-IoT is not certain for IoT service providers, small and greenfield operators. Today, there is no known public framework for the feasibility analysis of IoT communication technologies. Hence, this paper first presents a generic framework to assess the cost structure of cellular and non-cellular LPWAN technologies. Then, we applied the framework in eight deployment scenarios to analyze the prospect of LPWAN technologies like Sigfox, LoRaWAN, NB-IoT, LTE-M, and EC-GSM. We consider the inter-technology interference impact on LoRaWAN and Sigfox scalability. Our results validate that a large rollout with a single technology is not cost-efficient. Also, our analysis suggests the rollout possibility of an IoT communication Technology may not be linear to cost-efficiency.

scholarly journals Cost Analysis of a Novel Method for Ecological Compensation—A Study of the Translocation of Dead Wood

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6075
Author(s):  
Ola Lindroos ◽  
Malin Söderlind ◽  
Joel Jensen ◽  
Joakim Hjältén
Keyword(s):  
Cost Efficiency ◽  
Dead Wood ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
Ecological Value ◽  
Ecological Compensation ◽  
Work Time ◽  
Delivery Times ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
The Cost

Translocation of dead wood is a novel method for ecological compensation and restoration that could, potentially, provide a new important tool for biodiversity conservation. With this method, substrates that normally have long delivery times are instantly created in a compensation area, and ideally many of the associated dead wood dwelling organisms are translocated together with the substrates. However, to a large extent, there is a lack of knowledge about the cost efficiency of different methods of ecological compensation. Therefore, the costs for different parts of a translocation process and its dependency on some influencing factors were studied. The observed cost was 465 SEK per translocated log for the actual compensation measure, with an additional 349 SEK/log for work to enable evaluation of the translocation’s ecological results. Based on time studies, models were developed to predict required work time and costs for different transportation distances and load sizes. Those models indicated that short extraction and insertion distances for logs should be prioritized over road transportation distances to minimize costs. They also highlighted a trade-off between costs and time until a given ecological value is reached in the compensation area. The methodology used can contribute to more cost-efficient operations and, by doing so, increase the use of ecological compensation and the benefits from a given input.

scholarly journals Visual multiple cross displacement amplification for the rapid identification of S. agalactiae immediately from vaginal and rectal swabs

AMB Express ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xueqin Cheng ◽  
Zhiqian Dou ◽  
Jing Yang ◽  
Dexi Liu ◽  
Yulong Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pathogen Detection ◽  
Clinical Specimen ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Special Equipment ◽  
Multiple Cross ◽  
Rectal Swabs ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Positive Results

AbstractStreptococcus agalactiae (S. agalactiae) is an important pathogen that can lead to neonatus and mother infection. The current existing techniques for the identification of S. agalactiae are limited by accuracy, speed and high-cost. Therefore, a new multiple cross displacement amplification (MCDA) assay was developed for test of the target pathogen immediately from vaginal and rectal swabs. MCDA primers screening were conducted targeting S. agalactiae pcsB gene, and one set of MCDA primers with better rapidity and efficiency was selected for establishing the S. agalactiae-MCDA assay. As a result, the MCDA method could be completed at a constant temperature of 61 °C, without the requirement of special equipment. The detection limit is 250 fg (31.5 copies) per reaction, all S. agalactiae strains displayed positive results, but not for non-S. agalactiae strains. The visual MCDA assay detected 16 positive samples from 200 clinical specimen, which were also detected positive by enrichment/qPCR. While the CHROMagar culture detected 6 positive samples. Thus, the MCDA assay is prefer to enrichment/qPCR and culture for detecting S. agalactiae from clinical specimen. Particularly, the whole test of MCDA takes about 63.1 min, including sample collection (3 min), DNA preparation (15 min), MCDA reaction (45 min) and result reporting (6 s). In addition, the cost was very economic, with only US$ 4.9. These results indicated that our S. agalaciae-MCDA assay is a rapid, sensitive and cost-efficient technique for target pathogen detection, and is more suitable than conventional assays for an urgent detection, especially for 'on-site' laboratories and resource-constrained settings.

scholarly journals How effective is the MERCOSUR's network of protected areas in representing South America's ecoregions?

Oryx ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvaro Soutullo ◽  
Eduardo Gudynas
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
National Level ◽  
Conservation Priorities ◽  
Regional Approach ◽  
Iucn Categories ◽  
Efficient Protection ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
The Cost

We evaluate the effectiveness of the MERCOSUR's network of protected areas in representing South America's ecoregions. The region contains 1,219 non-overlapping protected areas covering nearly 2,000,000 km2. Fifty percent of the reserves are <100 km2 and 75% <1,000 km2. Less than a half of the 75 ecoregions in the MERCOSUR have at least 10% of their area within protected areas, and only 13 when just reserves in IUCN categories I–IV are considered. In general, forests are better represented than other biomes. At the national level the network of protected areas in Uruguay is the least developed in the region, with those of Bolivia and Chile the most developed. For 10% of each ecoregion to be protected at least another 500,000 km2 would have to be incorporated into the network. Such expansion would be more efficient if conservation priorities are identified using a regional approach. This is of particular relevance for the cost-efficient protection of the 20 ecoregions that are shared by two or more countries. While only c. 20% of the ecoregions found in Brazil are shared with other countries, >75% of the ecoregions in Bolivia, c. 70% in Argentina, >60% in Chile, and all the ecoregions in Paraguay and Uruguay are shared with other countries. Overall, although it currently covers 14% of the region, the network of protected areas of the MERCOSUR still performs poorly in protecting its ecoregions.

scholarly journals Productivity of harvesting and clearing of brushwood alongside forest roads

Silva Fennica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juha Laitila ◽  
Kari Väätäinen
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Average Volume ◽  
Time Consumption ◽  
Roadside Vegetation ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Stump Diameter

Expertise in the cost-efficient utilization and treatment of brushwood on forest roadside sites is limited. In the present study, the productivity of brushwood clearing and harvesting on forest roadside sites was defined by creating time-consumption models or parameters for the aforementioned working methods. Compiled time consumption models and parameters for the brushwood clearing and harvesting can be used as a basis for evaluating alternative management practices and to determine when brushwood biomass should be harvested and when it should be left to decay. The harvesting of brushwood was based on the harwarder system and the clearing of brushwood was done with a spiral cutter, which is a novel accessory for cutting roadside vegetation. Based on the study results, the average volume of harvested brushwood and forwarding distance are the key elements that have an effect on harvesting productivity with harwarders. Correspondingly, stump diameter has a strong impact on the clearing productivity of brushwood. The plot-wise productivity of the spiral cutter in brushwood clearings varied in the range of 0.19–0.61 ha per PMh. An increase in stump diameter slowed down the clearing productivity of the spiral cutter and there was a clear step downward in clearing productivity as the average diameter increased from 30 mm to 40 mm. The machinery under study operated well and there were no interruptions due to machine breakdowns.

scholarly journals Cost efficiency of the Czech and Slovak banking sectors: an application of the data envelopment analysis

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iveta Palecková
Keyword(s):  
Data Envelopment Analysis ◽  
Cost Efficiency ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Banking Industry ◽  
Returns To Scale ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Variable Returns To Scale

The aim of the paper is to estimate the cost efficiency of the Czech and Slovak commercial banks within the period 2010-2014. For empirical analysis the Data Envelopment Analysis input-oriented model with variable returns to scale is applied on the data of the commercial banks. The intermediation approach is adopted to define the inputs and outputs. The Czech commercial banks are more cost efficient than Slovak commercial banks. The development of average cost efficiency is similar in the Czech and Slovak banking industry. The most efficient Czech banks are Ceská sporitelna and Sberbank in the Czech banking sector, the most efficient Slovak bank is Privatbanka with 100% efficiency.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document