Decrease in hunger and desire to eat: taste effect or the osmolar concentration?

Immersed exercise has been shown to induce higher energy expenditure and no difference or increase in food intake compared with similar exercise on land. In this study, we compared the effects of acute high-intensity cycling performed on land versus when immersed on subsequent energy intake (EI), appetite sensations and perceived exertion (RPE) in healthy men. Ten participants in a postprandial condition completed three experimental visits in a randomized order: a control condition (CONT); a high-intensity interval cycling exercise performed on land (HIIE-L) and the same exercise while immersed in water (HIIE-A) with a similar targeted heart rate. We observed no difference in energy and macronutrient intake and in area under the curve (AUC) for appetite sensations between sessions. The RPE at the end of HIIE-L was negatively correlated with EI (r=–0.67; p < 0.05), AUC for hunger (r=–0.86, p < 0.01), desire to eat (r=–0.78, p < 0.05) and prospective food consumption (r=–0.86, p < 0.01). Conversely, the RPE at the end of HIIE-L was positively correlated with AUC for fullness (r = 0.76 , p < 0.05). No such correlations were observed for HIIE-A. The present study was the first to observe that immersion did not influence EI after HIIE cycling, but immersion blunted the relationship between session RPE and subsequent energy intake and appetite sensations relative to HIIE on land.

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Desire to eat and intake of ‘insect’ containing food is increased by a written passage: the potential role of familiarity in the amelioration of novel food disgust

Appetite ◽

10.1016/j.appet.2020.105088 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 105088

Author(s):

Maya Gumussoy ◽

Chloe Macmillan ◽

Stephanie Bryant ◽

David F. Hunt ◽

Peter J. Rogers

Keyword(s):

Potential Role ◽

Novel Food ◽

Desire To Eat

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Distraction, the desire to eat and food intake. Towards an expanded model of mindless eating

Appetite ◽

10.1016/j.appet.2012.11.023 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 62 ◽

pp. 119-126 ◽

Cited By ~ 64

Author(s):

Jane Ogden ◽

Nicola Coop ◽

Charlotte Cousins ◽

Rebecca Crump ◽

Laura Field ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Food Intake ◽

Desire To Eat

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ION-INDUCED ULTRASTRUCTURAL TRANSFORMATIONS IN ISOLATED MITOCHONDRIA

The Journal of Cell Biology ◽

10.1083/jcb.42.1.221 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 42 (1) ◽

pp. 221-234 ◽

Cited By ~ 77

Author(s):

Charles R. Hackenbrock ◽

Arnold I. Caplan

Keyword(s):

Marked Decrease ◽

Active Form ◽

Liver Mitochondria ◽

Rat Liver Mitochondria ◽

Dense Matrix ◽

Low Levels ◽

Osmolar Concentration ◽

Oriented Membranes ◽

Ultrastructural Transformation ◽

Distinct Membrane

The energized uptake of low levels of Ca2+ in the presence and absence of phosphate by isolated rat liver mitochondria, and the perturbation effected by this activity on ultrastructural and metabolic parameters of mitochondria have been investigated. In the presence of phosphate, low levels of Ca2+ are taken up by mitochondria and result in various degrees of ultrastructural expansion of the inner mitochondrial compartment. This indicates that low levels of Ca2+ in the presence of phosphate, are accumulated in an osmotically active form into the water phase of the inner compartment. The first clearly observable quantitative increase in the volume of the inner compartment occurs after the accumulation of 100 nmoles Ca2+/mg protein. An accumulation of 150–200 nmoles Ca2+/mg protein, which is equivalent to the osmolar concentration of endogenous K+, is required to effect a doubling of the volume of the inner compartment. This degree of osmotic perturbation occurs as mitochondria transform from a condensed to an orthodox conformation. The osmotically induced orthodox conformation differs from the mechanochemically induced orthodox conformation previously described, in that its development is concomitant with a marked decrease in acceptor control and oxidative phosphorylation efficiency and it fails to transform to a condensed conformation in response to addition of ADP. In the absence of added phosphate, a maximum of 190 nmoles Ca2+/mg protein was found to be taken up by mitochondria (state 6). Ca2+ is apparently bound under state 6 conditions since the uptake does not effect an ultrastructural expansion of the inner compartment. Phosphate added after state 6 Ca2+ binding, however, results in an immediate ultrastructural expansion of the inner compartment. The addition of phosphate to mitochondria in the absence of exogenous Ca2- fails to effect an osmotic ultrastructural transformation. Under state 6 conditions, the binding of between 40 and 190 nmoles Ca2+/mg protein results in the formation of dense matrix inclusions which appear to be composed of tightly packed, concentrically oriented membranes. Under conditions in which the bound Ca2+ is subsequently released, there is a concomitant loss in the density of these matrix inclusions, leaving behind morphologically distinct membrane whorls in the mitochondrial matrix.

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NO EFFECTS OF SWEET TASTE EXPOSURE AT BREAKFAST FOR 3 WEEKS ON PLEASANTNESS, DESIRE FOR, SWEETNESS OR INTAKE OF OTHER SWEET FOODS: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s000711452100235x ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-33

Author(s):

Katherine M Appleton ◽

Jessica Rajska ◽

Sarah M Warwick ◽

Peter J Rogers

Keyword(s):

Controlled Trial ◽

Sweet Taste ◽

Breakfast Cereal ◽

Bayesian Analyses ◽

Intention To Treat ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Sweet Foods ◽

Taste Exposure ◽

Randomised Controlled ◽

Desire To Eat

Abstract This work investigated the effects of repeated sweet taste exposure at breakfast on perceptions and intakes of other sweet foods, while also examining effects due to duration of exposure (1/3 weeks), test context (breakfast/lunch), and associations between taste perceptions and intakes. Using a randomised controlled parallel-groups design, participants (N=54, 18 male, mean age: 23.9±5.8yrs, mean BMI: 23.6±3.5kg/m2) were randomized to consume either a sweet breakfast (cereal with sucralose) (N=27) or an equicaloric non-sweet breakfast (plain cereal) (N=27) for 3 weeks. On days 0 (baseline), 7, and 21, pleasantness, desire to eat and sweetness were rated for other sweet and non-sweet foods, and sweet food consumption was assessed in an ad-libitum meal at breakfast and lunch. Using intention-to-treat analyses, no statistically significant effects of exposure were found at breakfast (largest F(2,104)=1.84, p=0.17, ηp2=0.03), or lunch (largest F(1,52)=1.22, p=0.27, ηp2=0.02), and using Bayesian analyses, the evidence for an absence of effect in all rating measures was strong to very strong (smallest BF01=297.97 (BF01error=2.68%)). Associations between ratings of pleasantness, desire to eat and intake were found (smallest r=0.137, p<0.01). Effects over time regardless of exposure were also found: sugars and percent energy consumed from sweet foods increased throughout the study smallest (F(2,104)=4.54, p=0.01, ηp2=0.08). These findings demonstrate no effects of sweet taste exposure at breakfast for 1 or 3 weeks on pleasantness, desire for, sweetness or intakes of other sweet foods in either the same (breakfast) or in a different (lunch) meal context.

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Short-term effects of milkshake containing polydextrose and maltodextrin on subjective feelings of appetite, energy intake and blood glucose in healthy females

Nutrition & Food Science ◽

10.1108/nfs-02-2021-0082 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

İsmail Mücahit Alptekin ◽

Ece Erdoğan ◽

Aylin İşler ◽

Esma Cansu Yanalak ◽

Funda Pınar Çakiroğlu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Energy Intake ◽

Postprandial Blood Glucose ◽

Dietary Fibers ◽

Analog Scale ◽

Short Term ◽

Content Type ◽

Ad Libitum ◽

Desire To Eat ◽

Healthy Females

Purpose Previous studies have reported that dietary fibers such as polydextrose and maltodextrin can reduce food intake; however, the studies on the differences of this effect are insufficient. The purpose of this paper is to compare the effects of dietary fibers maltodextrin and polydextrose on alterations of short-term satiety, energy intake and postprandial blood glucose in healthy females. Design/methodology/approach This study was designed as a randomized, crossover and double blind research. For this purpose, 21 healthy females consumed a milkshake containing 0 g (control), 15 g polydextrose (PDX) and 15 g maltodextrin (MDX), and an ad libitum lunch meal was served 150 min later. Subjective appetite scores (hunger, satiety, prospective food consumption and desire to eat) were measured using a visual analog scale. Appetite scores and blood glucose were measured before preload and once per 15 min after milkshake consumption. Findings Visual analog scale scores showed that PDX had an improved effect on satiety and hunger feelings. Compared to the control, dietary fiber increased the Area Under Curve (AUC) scores of satiety (p < 0.001) and decreased the AUC scores of hunger (p < 0.001), prospective food consumption (p < 0.001) and desire to eat (p < 0.001). Energy intake during ad libitum meal was significantly lower in PDX (Control: 862 (54.3) Kcal versus PDX: 679 (35.4) Kcal and MDX: 780 (49.3) Kcal. Moreover, the blood glucose levels were significantly lower in MDX. Originality/value This study conducted with healthy females demonstrated that PDX was more effective in inducing satiety during subsequent food intake, and that postprandial blood glucose were within more healthy levels in MDX.

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Effect of the Power Ranking of Mares on the Stereotypies and the Response Behaviors Against Restraining of the Desire to Eat in the Offspring of Haflinger Horse

Annals of Animal Resource Sciences ◽

10.12718/aars.2021.32.1.9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 9-15

Keyword(s):

Desire To Eat ◽

Response Behaviors

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Eight-day consumption of inulin added to a yogurt breakfast lowers postprandial appetite ratings but not energy intakes in young healthy females: a randomised controlled trial

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114515004432 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 115 (2) ◽

pp. 262-270 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Sarah Heap ◽

Jessica Ingram ◽

Marron Law ◽

Amy J. Tucker ◽

Amanda J. Wright

Keyword(s):

Energy Intake ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Eating Behaviour ◽

Hormonal Contraceptives ◽

Double Blind ◽

Randomised Controlled ◽

Desire To Eat ◽

Repeated Consumption ◽

Healthy Females

AbstractIncreasing feelings of satiety may reduce appetite and energy intake. The role of inulin consumption in impacting satiety is unclear. A randomised double-blind controlled crossover trial aimed to determine the effects of inulin+yogurt on satiety after 1 and 8-d consumption. The preload breakfast included 100 g vanilla yogurt with (yogurt-inulin (YI)) and without (yogurt-control (YC)) 6 g inulin. A total of nineteen healthy females (22·8 (sd 2·7) years) with non-restrained eating behaviour and taking hormonal contraceptives participated in the study. Day 1 and 8 visual analogue scale (VAS) ratings of Hunger, Fullness, Desire to Eat and Prospective Food Consumption (PFC) were collected at fasting and every 30 min for 180 min. Energy intake was calculated from a weighed ad libitum lunch and remainder of day food records. Total AUC was calculated for each VAS. Day 1 (VAS only) and 8 (VAS and energy intakes) data were compared between YI and YC using ANCOVA, and ANOVA was used to compare energy intakes on Day 1. There were no significant differences between Day 1 YI and YC AUC appetite ratings or energy intakes. However, 8-d consumption of YI v. YC was associated with lower Desire to Eat and PFC ratings but similar lunch and total day energy intakes. Therefore, the addition of 6 g inulin to a commercially available yogurt affected feelings of appetite, but not energy intake, after repeated consumption. These results suggest that inulin may be a suitable ingredient to increase dietary fibre consumption, with potential to impact appetite.

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A Change of Scenery: Does Exposure to Images of Nature Affect Delay Discounting and Food Desirability?

Frontiers in Psychology ◽

10.3389/fpsyg.2021.782056 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Katie Clarke ◽

Suzanne Higgs ◽

Clare E. Holley ◽

Andrew Jones ◽

Lucile Marty ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Delay Discounting ◽

Fruits And Vegetables ◽

Food Preferences ◽

Natural Scenes ◽

Urban Scenes ◽

Urban Image ◽

Adult Participants ◽

Desire To Eat ◽

The Impact ◽

Energy Dense Food

Previous research suggests that exposure to nature may reduce delay discounting (the tendency to discount larger future gains in favor of smaller immediate rewards) and thereby facilitate healthier dietary intake. This pre-registered study examined the impact of online exposure to images of natural scenes on delay discounting and food preferences. It was predicted that exposure to images of natural scenes (vs. images of urban scenes) would be associated with: (i) lower delay discounting; (ii) higher desirability for fruits and vegetables (and lower desirability for more energy-dense foods); and (iii) delay discounting would mediate the effect of nature-image exposure on food desirability. Adult participants (N = 109) were recruited to an online between-subjects experiment in which they viewed a timed sequence of six images either showing natural landscape scenes or urban scenes. They then completed measures of mood, delay discounting (using a five-trial hypothetical monetary discounting task) and rated their momentary desire to eat four fruits and vegetables (F&V), and four energy-dense foods. There was no statistically significant effect of experimental condition (natural vs. urban image exposure) on delay discounting or food desirability. Bayes factors supported the null hypothesis for discounting (BF01 = 4.89), and energy-dense food desirability (BF01 = 7.21), but provided no strong evidence for either hypothesis for F&V desirability (BF01 = 0.78). These findings indicate that brief online exposure to images of nature does not affect momentary impulsivity or energy-dense food preference, whereas for preference for less-energy dense foods, the evidence was inconclusive.

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