scholarly journals A preliminary study of active compared with passive imputation of missing body mass index values among non-Hispanic white youths

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 1025-1030 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A Wagstaff ◽  
Sibylle Kranz ◽  
Ofer Harel
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Hispanic White ◽  
White Youths

scholarly journals Control Reference Parameter for Stance Assistance Using a Passive Controlled Ankle Foot Orthosis—A Preliminary Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (20) ◽  
pp. 4416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimas Adiputra ◽  
Mohd Azizi Abdul Rahman ◽  
Ubaidillah ◽  
Saiful Amri Mazlan ◽  
Nurhazimah Nazmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Standard Error ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Parameters Estimation ◽  
Ankle Foot Orthosis ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Reference Parameters ◽  
Walking Speeds ◽  
Foot Orthosis

This paper aims to present a preliminary study of control reference parameters for stance assistance among different subjects and walking speeds using a passive-controlled ankle foot orthosis. Four young male able-bodied subjects with varying body mass indexes (23.842 ± 4.827) walked in three walking speeds of 1, 3, and 5 km/h. Two control references, average ankle torque (aMa), and ankle angular velocity (aω), which can be implemented using a magnetorheological brake, were measured. Regression analysis was conducted to identify suitable control references in the three different phases of the stance. The results showed that aω has greater correlation (p) with body mass index and walking speed compared to aMa in the whole stance phase (p1(aω) = 0.666 > p1(aMa) = 0.560, p2(aω) = 0.837 > p2(aMa) = 0.277, and p3(aω) = 0.839 > p3(aMa) = 0.369). The estimation standard error (Se) of the aMa was found to be generally higher than of aω (Se1(aMa) = 2.251 > Se1(aω) = 0.786, Se2(aMa) = 1.236 > Se2(aω) = 0.231, Se3(aMa) = 0.696 < Se3(aω) = 0.755). Future studies should perform aω estimation based on body mass index and walking speed, as suggested by the higher correlation and lower standard error as compared to aMa. The number of subjects and walking speed scenarios should also be increased to reduce the standard error of control reference parameters estimation.

scholarly journals Weight Misperceptions and Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Adolescent Female Body Mass Index

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramona C. Krauss ◽  
Lisa M. Powell ◽  
Roy Wada
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Adolescent Females ◽  
Female Adolescent ◽  
White Female ◽  
Adolescent Female ◽  
Weight Misperceptions ◽  
Hispanic White

This paper investigated weight misperceptions as determinants of racial/ethnic disparities in body mass index (BMI) among adolescent females using data from the National Survey of Youth 1997. Compared to their white counterparts, higher proportions of black and Hispanic adolescent females underperceived their weight status; that is, they misperceived themselves to have lower weight status compared to their clinically defined weight status. Compared to their black counterparts, higher proportions of white and Hispanic adolescent females misperceived themselves to be heavier than their clinical weight status. Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition analysis showed that accounting for weight misperceptions, in addition to individual and contextual factors, increased the total explained portion of the black-white female BMI gap from 44.7% to 54.3% but only slightly increased the total explained portion of the Hispanic-white gap from 62.8% to 63.1%. Weight misperceptions explained 13.0% of the black-white female BMI gap and 3.3% of the Hispanic-white female BMI gap. The regression estimates showed that weight underperceptions were important determinants of adolescent female BMI, particularly among black and Hispanic adolescents. Education regarding identification and interpretation of weight status may play an important role to help reduce the incidence and racial disparity of female adolescent obesity.

scholarly journals The association of variants in the FTO gene with longitudinal body mass index profiles in non-Hispanic white children and adolescents

2011 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
D M Hallman ◽  
V C Friedel ◽  
M A H Eissa ◽  
E Boerwinkle ◽  
J C Huber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fto Gene ◽  
White Children ◽  
Hispanic White

scholarly journals Body Mass Index Change Between Referral to and Enrollment in Pediatric Weight Management

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-74
Author(s):  
Michelle J. White ◽  
Jessica Hoffman ◽  
Sarah Armstrong ◽  
Asheley C. Skinner
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Weight Management ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Treatment Approach ◽  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Pediatric Weight Management ◽  
Hispanic White

This study describes changes in body mass index z score (BMI z) and percent of 95th percentile (P95) between referral to pediatric weight management (PWM) and initial PWM visit. We conducted a prospective cohort analysis among subjects (n = 77) aged 5 to 11 years referred to PWM and compared height and weight at time of referral versus initial PWM visit. Mean BMI z decreased by 0.05, and P95 decreased by 1.48 across all age groups (both P < .01) from time of referral to initial visit. Children 5 to 8 years old experienced a greater BMI z change than older children (−0.07 vs −0.02; P < .05). Interval BMI z change was greater for non-Hispanic White and Hispanic children compared with non-Hispanic Blacks (−0.10 vs −0.01; P < .001). There were no subgroup differences in P95. Interval BMI changes between referral and treatment approach half the effect reported by some PWM programs. Referral to PWM may motivate pretreatment lifestyle changes in some patients.

scholarly journals Parental Education or Household Income? Which Socioeconomic Status Indicator Can Better Reduce Body Mass Index Disparities among Latino Children?

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. p19
Author(s):  
Shervin Assari ◽  
Mohammad Reza Malek-Ahmadi ◽  
Cleopatra H. Caldwell
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Status Indicator ◽  
Hispanic White

Aim: We compared the effects of parental education and household income on children’s Body Mass Index (BMI) in Hispanic White (HW) and non-Hispanic White (NHW) families. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we borrowed data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study and analyzed data of 5100 children between the ages of 9 and 10. The independent variables were parental education and household income. The primary outcome was BMI value. Ethnicity was the moderating variable. Confounders were age, sex, and family structure. Three mixed-effects regression models were used for data analysis. Results: Overall, higher parental education and household income were associated with lower BMI levels in children. While an interaction was reported between ethnicity and parental education, no relation was noted between ethnicity and household income regarding BMI. The interaction indicated weaker protective effects of high parental education on BMI in HW children than NHW children. Household income showed similar protective effects on children’s BMI in HW and NHW families. Conclusion: Parental education but not household income loses some of its protective effects on childhood BMI among HW families compared to NHW families. Distal social determinants of health may be more vulnerable to the MDRs (minorities’ diminished returns) than proximal ones. As a result, closing the income gap may be a good strategy towards closing the childhood BMI gap between highly educated HW and NHW families. Policies that raise the minimum wage and those that help HW families save money (e.g., earned income tax policies) maybe more promising strategies to eliminate the ethnic gap in BMI than increasing the education level of ethnic minority families.

scholarly journals Trends in Prepregnancy Obesity and Association With Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes in the United States, 2013 to 2018

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael C. Wang ◽  
Priya M. Freaney ◽  
Amanda M. Perak ◽  
Philip Greenland ◽  
Donald M. Lloyd‐Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Population Attributable Fractions ◽  
Attributable Fractions ◽  
Prepregnancy Obesity ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
Hispanic White

Background The prevalence of obesity in the population has increased in parallel with increasing rates of adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs). Quantifying contemporary trends in prepregnancy obesity and associations with interrelated APOs (preterm birth, low birth weight, and pregnancy‐associated hypertension) together and individually can inform prevention strategies to optimize cardiometabolic health in women and offspring. Methods and Results We performed a serial, cross‐sectional study using National Center for Health Statistics birth certificate data including women aged 15 to 44 years with live singleton births between 2013 and 2018, stratified by race/ethnicity (non‐Hispanic White, non‐Hispanic Black, Hispanic, and non‐Hispanic Asian). We quantified the annual prevalence of prepregnancy obesity (body mass index ≥30.0 kg/m 2 ; body mass index ≥27.5 kg/m 2 if non‐Hispanic Asian). We then estimated adjusted associations using multivariable logistic regression (odds ratios and population attributable fractions) for obesity‐related APOs compared with normal body mass index (18.5–24.9 kg/m 2 ; 18.5–22.9 kg/m 2 if non‐Hispanic Asian). Among 20 139 891 women, the prevalence of prepregnancy obesity increased between 2013 and 2018: non‐Hispanic White (21.6%–24.8%), non‐Hispanic Black (32.5%–36.2%), Hispanic (26.0%–30.5%), and non‐Hispanic Asian (15.3%–18.6%) women ( P ‐trend < 0.001 for all). Adjusted odds ratios (95% CI) for APOs associated with obesity increased between 2013 and 2018, and by 2018, ranged from 1.27 (1.25–1.29) in non‐Hispanic Black to 1.94 (1.92–1.96) in non‐Hispanic White women. Obesity was most strongly associated with pregnancy‐associated hypertension and inconsistently associated with preterm birth and low birth weight. Population attributable fractions of obesity‐related APOs increased over the study period: non‐Hispanic White (10.6%–14.7%), non‐Hispanic Black (3.7%–6.9%), Hispanic (7.0%–10.4%), and non‐Hispanic Asian (7.4%–9.7%) women ( P ‐trend < 0.01 for all). Conclusions The prevalence of prepregnancy obesity and burden of obesity‐related APOs have increased, driven primarily by pregnancy‐associated hypertension, and vary across racial/ethnic subgroups.

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