scholarly journals Parental Education or Household Income? Which Socioeconomic Status Indicator Can Better Reduce Body Mass Index Disparities among Latino Children?

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. p19
Author(s):  
Shervin Assari ◽  
Mohammad Reza Malek-Ahmadi ◽  
Cleopatra H. Caldwell
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Status Indicator ◽  
Hispanic White

Aim: We compared the effects of parental education and household income on children’s Body Mass Index (BMI) in Hispanic White (HW) and non-Hispanic White (NHW) families. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we borrowed data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study and analyzed data of 5100 children between the ages of 9 and 10. The independent variables were parental education and household income. The primary outcome was BMI value. Ethnicity was the moderating variable. Confounders were age, sex, and family structure. Three mixed-effects regression models were used for data analysis. Results: Overall, higher parental education and household income were associated with lower BMI levels in children. While an interaction was reported between ethnicity and parental education, no relation was noted between ethnicity and household income regarding BMI. The interaction indicated weaker protective effects of high parental education on BMI in HW children than NHW children. Household income showed similar protective effects on children’s BMI in HW and NHW families. Conclusion: Parental education but not household income loses some of its protective effects on childhood BMI among HW families compared to NHW families. Distal social determinants of health may be more vulnerable to the MDRs (minorities’ diminished returns) than proximal ones. As a result, closing the income gap may be a good strategy towards closing the childhood BMI gap between highly educated HW and NHW families. Policies that raise the minimum wage and those that help HW families save money (e.g., earned income tax policies) maybe more promising strategies to eliminate the ethnic gap in BMI than increasing the education level of ethnic minority families.

Investigating the Association Between Child Television Viewing and Measured Child Adiposity Outcomes in a Large Nationally Representative Sample of New Zealanders: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Matthew Hobbs ◽  
Stuart J.H. Biddle ◽  
Andrew P. Kingsnorth ◽  
Lukas Marek ◽  
Melanie Tomintz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Parent Education ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Effect Modification ◽  
Tv Viewing ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: This study investigates the association between television (TV) viewing and child adiposity and if parental education and child ethnicity moderate this association. Method: Cross-sectional, pooled (2013/2014–2016/2017) adult and child New Zealand Health Survey were matched resulting in 13,039 children (2–14 y) and parent dyads. Child TV viewing was estimated using self-reported time for each weekday and weekend. The height (in centimeters), weight (in kilograms), and waist circumference of parents and children were measured. Childhood body mass index and obesity were defined using the International Obesity Task Force cutoff values. Effect modification was assessed by interaction and then by stratifying regression analyses by parent education (low, moderate, and high) and child ethnicity (Asian, European/other, Māori, and Pacific). Results: Overall, watching ≥2 hours TV on average per day in the past week, relative to <2 hours TV viewing, was associated with a higher odds of obesity (adjusted odds ratio = 1.291 [1.108–1.538]), higher body mass index z score (b = 0.123 [0.061–0.187]), and higher waist circumference (b = 0.546 [0.001–1.092]). Interactions considering this association by child ethnicity and parent education revealed little evidence of effect modification. Conclusion: While TV viewing was associated with child adiposity, the authors found little support for a moderating role of parental education and child ethnicity.

scholarly journals Minorities’ Diminish Returns of Parental Education in Reducing Childhood Body Mass Index

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. p60
Author(s):  
Shervin Assari
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Childhood Body Mass Index ◽  
American Children ◽  
High Bmi ◽  
Family Ses

Background: Considerable research has documented the effects of race and socioeconomic status (SES) on childhood body mass index (BMI) and obesity. However, less is known about the intersectional effects of race and family SES on childhood BMI. Purpose: This study tested racial by SES variation in BMI among American 9-10 years old children. Built on Minorities’ Diminished Returns (MDRs), we expected a weaker family SES effect on childhood BMI for non-White than White and children. Methods: For this cross-sectional study, data came from the Children Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study, a national multi-center investigation of child development in the US. This study included 14881 BMI observations, 9-11-year-old children. The independent variables were family SES (parental education). Moderator was race. The primary outcome was BMI. Age, sex, ethnicity, and parental marital status were the covariates. To analyze the data, we used mixed-effect regression models. Results: High parental education and race were associated with BMI. We found an interaction between race and parental education with non-White children with highly educated parents still having a high BMI. Conclusions: For American children, BMI is shaped by the intersection of race, gender, and family SES. Children from highly educated families remain at risk of high BMI. Disparities in BMI and obesity should be approached through an intersectionality lens.

scholarly journals Association between socioeconomic status and dental caries among Chinese preschool children: a cross-sectional national study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. e042908
Author(s):  
Tingting Zhang ◽  
Jialan Hong ◽  
Xueting Yu ◽  
Qiulin Liu ◽  
Andi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Index Of Inequality

ObjectivesSocioeconomic inequalities in oral health are often neglected in oral health promotion. This cross-sectional study assessed the association between dental caries and socioeconomic status (SES) among preschool children in China.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingData from the Fourth National Oral Health Survey of China (2015), comprising of 40 360 children aged 3–5 years was used.MethodsDental caries indicators including prevalence of dental caries, dental pain experience and number of decayed, missing and filling teeth (dmft). SES indicators included parental education and household income. The associations between SES and dental caries were analysed by using negative binomial regression or Poisson regression models according to data distribution. Relative and absolute inequalities in dental caries were quantified by using the Relative Index of Inequality (RII) and Slope Index of Inequality (SII), respectively.ResultsThere were significant associations between SES and prevalence of dental caries and dmft (p<0.001). Children from lower educated (RII 1.36, 95% CI 1.3 to 1.43; SII 0.97, 95% CI 0.81 to 1.13) and lower household income (RII 1.17, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.24; SII 0.55, 95% CI 0.35 to 0.75) families had higher dmft than those from well-educated and most affluent families. Relative and absolute inequalities in dental caries were larger in urban areas by household income, and in rural areas by parental education.ConclusionsAssociation between dental caries and SES was demonstrated and socioeconomic inequalities in dental caries existed among Chinese preschool children.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Thinness among Santal Preschool Children Using New Body Mass Index Cut-Off Points

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Subal Das ◽  
Kaushik Bose
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Tribal Community ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Purulia District

A community-based cross-sectional study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of undernutrition using body mass index (BMI) among 2–6-year Santal preschool children of Purulia District, West Bengal, India. A total of 251 (116 boys and 135 girls) children from 12 villages were measured. Commonly used indicators, that is, weight, height, and BMI, were used to evaluate the nutritional status. More boys (59.5%) than girls (53.3%), based on BMI, were undernourished. Significant age differences in weight (F=44.29∗∗∗; df=3), height (F=58.48∗∗∗; df=3), and BMI (F=3.52∗∗∗; df=3) among boys were observed. Similarly, significant differences between ages in mean weight (F=56.27∗∗∗; df=3), height (F=64.76∗∗∗; df=3), and BMI (F=2.62∗∗∗; df=3) were observed among the girls. The present study revealed that the nutritional status of the preschool children of Santal tribal community of these villages was poor with very high rate of thinness in boys and girls (59.5% and 53.3%, resp.).

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