Consumption of Quercetin and Quercetin-Containing Apple and Cherry Extracts Affects Blood Glucose Concentration, Hepatic Metabolism, and Gene Expression Patterns in Obese C57BL/6J High Fat–Fed Mice

Src homology 2 domain-containing protein B (SHB) is an adapter protein involved in the regulation of β-cell and endothelial cell function. We have recently obtained the Shb knockout mouse, and consequently, the aim of this study was to assess the effect of Shb deletion upon β-cell function and blood glucose homeostasis. Shb−/− mice display an elevated basal blood glucose concentration, and this increase is maintained during insulin challenge in insulin sensitivity tests. To assess glucose-induced insulin secretion, pancreata were perfused, and it was observed that Shb−/− first phase insulin secretion was blunted during glucose stimulation. Gene expression of Shb−/− islets shortly after isolation was altered, with increased pancreatic and duodenal homeobox gene-1 (Pdx1) gene expression and reduced expression of Vegf-A. Islet culture normalized Pdx1 gene expression. The microvascular density of the Shb−/− islets was reduced, and islet capillary endothelial cell morphology was changed suggesting an altered microvascular function as a contributing cause to the impaired secretory activity. Capacitance measurements of depolarization-induced exocytosis indicate a direct effect on the exocytotic machinery, in particular a dramatic reduction in readily releasable granules, as responsible for the insulin-secretory defect operating in Shb−/− islets. Shb−/− mice exhibited no alteration of islet volume or β-cell area. In conclusion, loss of Shb impairs insulin secretion, alters islet microvascular morphology, and increases the basal blood glucose concentration. The impaired insulin secretory response is a plausible underlying cause of the metabolic impairment observed in this mutant mouse.

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Four weeks high fat feeding induces insulin resistance without affecting dopamine release or gene expression patterns in the hypothalamus of C57Bl6 mice

Brain Research ◽

10.1016/j.brainres.2008.11.004 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 1250 ◽

pp. 141-148 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

J.E. de Leeuw van Weenen ◽

L. Hu ◽

K. Jansen-Van Zelm ◽

M.G. de Vries ◽

J.T. Tamsma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Insulin Resistance ◽

Dopamine Release ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Gene Expression Patterns ◽

High Fat ◽

Or Gene ◽

Fat Feeding

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Effects of Silymarin on Blood Glucose Concentration, Hepatic Histopathological Changes and FOXA2 and FOXA3 Gene Expression in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Male Wistar Rats

Genetics & Applications ◽

10.31383/ga.vol5iss2pp17-23 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 17

Author(s):

Sajad Nikkhah ◽

Rahman Jafari Hafshejan ◽

Farshid Gheibi Hajivar ◽

Khalil Khashei ◽

Sara Afzali

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Glucose Concentration ◽

Blood Glucose Concentration ◽

Diabetic Control ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Control Group ◽

Histopathological Changes ◽

Diabetic Control Group ◽

Male Wistar Rats

Since the liver is among the primary organs susceptible to the effects of hyperglycaemia, diabetes mellitus (DM) could be a risk factor for the development and progression of liver damage. In present study, since no side-effects from the herbal medicine have been reported, the effect of silymarin on blood glucose concentration, hepatic histopathological changes and FOXA2 and FOXA3 gene expression, which are key genes in liver regeneration, was investigated. In this fundamental with experimental approach study, 40 male Wistar rats weighing 180-220 g were used. Rats were kept under the standard conditions of temperature of 20-22°C and humidity of 50% and consecutive 12-hour periods of light and darkness. Rats were randomly divided into five different groups (n=8 each), including healthy control rats, diabetic control rats, diabetic rats receiving silymarin (50, 100 and 150 mg/kg). Diabetes was induced by injecting streptozotocin (50 mg/kg B.W., i.p.). For 4 weeks silymarin groups received the drug once every three days through gavage and fasting blood glucose concentration measured once every 10 days. At the end of a month experiment, livers were harvested for hepatic histopathological and FOXA2 and FOXA3 gene expression changes analysis. In the diabetic rats treated with silymarin (50, 100 and 150 mg/kg), by comparison with the diabetic control group (p<0.05), glucose levels decreased significantly. Moreover, FOXA2 and FOXA3 expression in diabetic groups treated with silymarin significantly increased compared to diabetic control group (p<0.05). Hepatic histopathological changes were improved in the treated groups.The present study indicates that silymarin significantly decreased blood glucose concentration and increased the FOXA2 and FOXA3 gene products level. Hence, silymarin is able to improve some of the symptoms associated with diabetes and possesses hepatoprotective effects in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

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Transcriptional Profiles of Leukocyte Populations Provide a Tool for Interpreting Gene Expression Patterns Associated with High Fat Diet in Mice

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0011861 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 5 (7) ◽

pp. e11861 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

William R. Swindell ◽

Andrew Johnston ◽

Johann E. Gudjonsson

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Gene Expression Patterns ◽

High Fat ◽

Transcriptional Profiles ◽

Leukocyte Populations

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A Calorically Restricted High-fat Diet Reverses High-fat Diet-induced Injurious Effects on Health and Gene Expression in Rats

10.21203/rs.2.19390/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Yuqing Wu ◽

Yue Guan ◽

Fan Ling ◽

Qiushuang Zhu ◽

Dandan Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Metabolic Diseases ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Male Rats ◽

Gene Expression Patterns ◽

High Fat ◽

Ad Libitum ◽

Group Serum

Abstract Background: A High-fat diet has been reported to produce excess lipid accumulation and increase inflammatory factors and oxidative stress in various metabolic diseases. Caloric restriction (CR) is one of the most valuable tools in reducing inflammation, enhancing anti-oxidative activity and ameliorating various metabolic diseases. However, excess CR may restrain growth, development and normal physiological processes. Our study was conducted to investigate the effects of a high-fat diet containing the same number of calories as a basic diet on the health and gene expression patterns of rats.Methods: 30 Wistar male rats were randomly devided into a normal control (NC) group, an equicaloric high-fat (EHF) group as the NC group, and a high-fat (HF) ad libitum group. Food consumption and body weight were recorded once a week. Blood biochemistical and genomic assessments of the liver were carried out after intervention for 20 weeks. Results: Compared with the NC group, serum triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TCHO), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and andalanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were significantly increased in the HF group, and the serum levels of interleukin- 6 (IL-6), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione (GSH) were significantly decreased in the HF group. Compared with the HF group, serum TG,TCHO,LDL-C, AST, ALT, IL-6, ROS levels were significantly decreased in the EHF group, and the serum levels of GSH and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were also significantly increased. Histological studies showed decreased macrovesicular steatosis, inflammatory cell infiltration and structural damagein EHF group compared to the HF group. In addition, transcription analysis revealed that an EHF led tochanges in gene expression, including a reduction inToll-like receptor 4 (TRL4),which inhibited NF-kappa B signaling pathway and upregulatedglutathione S-transterases (GSTs) to increase antiocidative activity.Conclusions: an EHF restored deleterious changes in the health and gene expression patterns induced by a high-fat diet ad libitum in rats via reduced inflammation and increased antioxidative activity.

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