scholarly journals Temporal Variation in Breeding Season Survival and Cause-Specific Mortality of Lesser Prairie-Chickens

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 507-518
Author(s):  
Andrew R. Meyers ◽  
Scott A. Carleton ◽  
William R. Gould ◽  
Clay T. Nichols ◽  
David A. Haukos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Mexico ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Brood Rearing ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
Prairie Chicken ◽  
Female Survival ◽  
Similar Survival

Abstract The lesser prairie-chicken Tympanuchus pallidicinctus has experienced significant declines in distribution and abundance since the early 1900s. A severe and prolonged drought from 2009 to 2013 resulted in further declines in population numbers and despite improved environmental and habitat conditions since 2013, populations of lesser prairie chickens have shown little improvement. To investigate whether breeding season survival of lesser prairie-chickens in eastern New Mexico could be driving this response, we developed the following objectives: 1) estimate male and female breeding-season survival; 2) determine whether male and female survival varies temporally among lekking, nesting, and brood-rearing periods; and 3) determine cause-specific mortality during the breeding season. We captured and radiocollared 76 lesser prairie-chickens (50 male, 26 female) during spring of 2014 and 2015 and estimated their survival throughout the breeding season (15 March–31 August). Male survival was nearly double that of females in both years (0.79–0.81 and 0.38–0.45, respectively). Males had similar survival across all periods (lekking, postlekking, late summer: 0.89–0.95). Females had the greatest period-specific survival during lekking and brood rearing (0.87 ± 0.08 and 0.85 ± 0.10, respectively) relative to the nesting period (0.58 ± 0.11). Mammalian predation was the primary cause of mortality in both years. Our results indicate that in New Mexico 1) lesser prairie-chicken breeding season survival was consistent with geographically similar studies, 2) females have lower survival during the nesting period, and 3) female lesser prairie-chicken survival was lower than male survival regardless of time period. Management actions that provide and protect high-quality nesting habitat may help ensure that female survival is maximized during the nesting period.

scholarly journals Spatial distribution of the Barbary Partridge (Alectoris barbara) in Sardinia explained by land use and climate

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianpasquale Chiatante ◽  
Marta Giordano ◽  
Anna Vidus Rosin ◽  
Oreste Sacchi ◽  
Alberto Meriggi
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Distance Sampling ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
European Population ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Brood Rearing ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Study Sites

AbstractMore than half of the European population of the Barbary Partridge is in Sardinia; nonetheless, the researches concerning this species are very scarce, and its conservation status is not defined because of a deficiency of data. This research aimed to analyse the habitat selection and the factors affecting the abundance and the density of the Barbary Partridge in Sardinia. We used the data collected over 8 years (between 2004 and 2013) by spring call counts in 67 study sites spread on the whole island. We used GLMM to define the relationships between the environment (topography, land use, climate) both the occurrence and the abundance of the species. Moreover, we estimated population densities by distance sampling. The Barbary Partridge occurred in areas at low altitude with garrigue and pastures, avoiding woodlands and sparsely vegetated areas. We found a strong relationship between the occurrence probability and the climate, in particular, a positive relation with temperature and a negative effect of precipitation, especially in April–May, during brood rearing. Furthermore, dry crops positively affected the abundance of the species. We estimated a density of 14.1 partridges per km2, similar to other known estimates. Our findings are important both because they increase the knowledge concerning this species, which is considered data deficient in Italy, and because they are useful to plan management actions aimed to maintain viable populations if necessary.

Common Terns Raise Young from Successive Broods

The Auk ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 274-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Hays
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Sterna Hirundo ◽  
Feeding Rates ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Common Terns ◽  
Second Clutch

Abstract In this paper I report the first instance of a pair of Common Terns (Sterna hirundo) raising young in successive clutches during one breeding season and discuss this phenomenon in relation to male and female incubation and feeding rates and to predation. Five other pairs are noted in which the female and sometimes the male incubated a second clutch while still feeding one young from their first nest.

Energy Expenditure in Reproductive Effort of Male and Female Killdeer (Charadrius vociferus)

The Auk ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. 553-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dianne H. Brunton
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Parental Care ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Reproductive Effort ◽  
Mating Effort ◽  
Parental Effort ◽  
Nest Failure ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Charadrius Vociferus

Abstract The reproductive investment strategies of the sexes during the breeding season are detailed for Killdeer (Charadrius vociferus), a monogamous plover. I measured the energy investments of the sexes in reproductive, mating, and parental effort. As predicted, males expend more mating effort than females; however, the sexes expend equal amounts of parental effort. Total energy expenditure in reproductive effort (mating and parental effort) during a successful nesting attempt was also equal for the sexes. However, early parental effort expenditures by females, early mating effort expenditures by males, and high rates of nest failure combine to result in female reproductive energy expenditures being significantly higher over the breeding season. This suggests that energy expenditure alone is not adequate for accurate comparisons of the relative investments of the sexes. Studies investigating male and female investments need to consider the degree and pattern of nest failures along with patterns of energy expenditure. The advantages to male and female Killdeer of sharing parental care is demonstrated using adult removal experiments. In general, a deserted parent expends more energy in parental effort than a bi-parental parent and has significantly lower reproductive success. However, males are able to hatch chicks, whereas females lose or abandon their nests within a few days of mate removal. Thus, monogamy in Killdeer appears to result from high nest failure rates, the necessity of two parents for any reproductive success, and the generalizable nature of Killdeer parental care.

scholarly journals A new species of Passadenoides Neunzig from Wyoming and New Mexico (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae: Phycitinae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 705 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
CLIFFORD D. FERRIS
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Mexico ◽  
Female Genitalia ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae ◽  
A New Species

A new phycitine species, Passadenoides montanus, is described from specimens collected in Albany Co., Wyoming and Grant Co., New Mexico. The adults and male and female genitalia are illustrated.

Recruiting age influences male and female survival and population persistence in a long-lived tropical seabird

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 799-812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Ancona ◽  
J. Jaime Zúñiga-Vega ◽  
Cristina Rodríguez ◽  
María Cristina Carmona-Isunza ◽  
Hugh Drummond
Keyword(s):  
Population Persistence ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Survival

scholarly journals Breeding Biology of Gray-Crowned Tyrannulet in the Monte Desert, Argentina

The Condor ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 205-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo T. Mezquida ◽  
Luis Marone
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Period ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Nesting Success ◽  
Nest Failure ◽  
East Central ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Monte Desert ◽  
Present Information ◽  
Nestling Period ◽  
Wet Tropics

Abstract We present information from 75 nests of Gray-crowned Tyrannulet (Serpophaga griseiceps) found in open Prosopis woodlands of the central Monte desert between 1995 and 1997 and compare it with information corresponding to other species of the genus. Breeding occurred from October to January. Nests are small open cups. Both parents participated in nest building, which lasted 4–7 days. In the Prosopis woodland, 98% of the nests were built in chañar (Geoffroea decorticans), which also is commonly used as a nest plant by S. subcristata in east-central Argentina. Mean clutch size did not vary among years nor within the breeding season, and it was similar to that observed in other Serpophaga. Both male and female shared the 13–15 day incubation period. Hatching was asynchronous. Nestling period lasted 13–14 days, during which both parents reared the chicks. Nesting success (26%) appeared to be less than that previously reported for Nearctic open-nesters (50–60%), and Neotropical open-nesters in dry (50%) and wet tropics (35%). Egg and nestling predation were the main cause of nest failure.

Three new species of Eupithecia Curtis from Arizona and New Mexico with discussion of associated species (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Eupitheciini)

Zootaxa ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 1516 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-60
Author(s):  
CLIFFORD D. FERRIS
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Mexico ◽  
Female Genitalia ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
Associated Species

Eupithecia macfarlandi, new species, and Eupithecia penablanca, new species, from southern Arizona, and Eupithecia nonanticaria, new species, from southwestern New Mexico, southeastern Arizona, and Chihuahua, Mexico are described. Adults and male and female genitalia are illustrated. Eupithecia anticaria Walker and E. nonanticaria are compared.

Description of EuropeanChamaespheciaspp. (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) feeding onEuphorbia(Euphorbiaceae), and their potential for biological control of leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) in North America

1996 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 703-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Tosevski ◽  
André Gassmann ◽  
D. Schroeder
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Leafy Spurge ◽  
Euphorbia Esula ◽  
Main Root ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
South Eastern Europe ◽  
Similar Survival

AbstractThe description of the tenChamaespheciaspecies associated withEuphorbiain eastern and south-eastern Europe is based on external adult morphology, male and female genitalia, and the structure of the egg chorion. These species can be divided into two groups according to the shape of the setae of the dorso-basal part of the valvae in the male genitalia. MostChamaespheciaspecies are associated with one species of host-plant and all are closely tied to one habitat type. The host-plant and the structure of the egg chorion are fundamental characteristics for the determination of a few species, and very helpful for the others. All species bore into the main root of their host-plant and overwinter as larvae. With the exception of two species which have an annual or biennial life cycle, all species are univoltine. The larvae of three of the eightChamaespheciaspp. investigated feed and develop in the roots of North American leafy spurge,Euphorbia esulasensu lato. Of these, the best candidate for the biological control of leafy spurge isC. crassicornis, because the larvae have a similar survival rate on the target weed and the European host-plant,E. virgata.

scholarly journals Hantavirus infections in fluctuating host populations: the role of maternal antibodies

2010 ◽  
Vol 277 (1701) ◽  
pp. 3783-3791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva R. Kallio ◽  
Michael Begon ◽  
Heikki Henttonen ◽  
Esa Koskela ◽  
Tapio Mappes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Maternal Antibodies ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Infection Dynamics ◽  
High Infection ◽  
Maternal Protection ◽  
First Time

Infected females may transfer maternal antibodies (MatAbs) to their offspring, which may then be transiently protected against infections the mother has encountered. However, the role of maternal protection in infectious disease dynamics in wildlife has largely been neglected. Here, we investigate the effects of Puumala hantavirus (PUUV)-specific MatAbs on PUUV dynamics, using 7 years' data from a cyclic bank vole population in Finland. For the first time to our knowledge, we partition seropositivity data from a natural population into separate dynamic patterns for MatAbs and infection. The likelihood of young of the year carrying PUUV-specific MatAbs during the breeding season correlated positively with infection prevalence in the overwintered parent population in the preceding spring. The probability of PUUV infection varied between seasons (highest in spring, lowest in late summer) and depended on population structure, but was also, in late autumn, notably, negatively related to summer MatAb prevalence, as well as to infection prevalence earlier in the breeding season. Hence, our results suggest that high infection prevalence in the early breeding season leads to a high proportion of transiently immune young individuals, which causes delays in transmission. This suggests, in turn, that MatAb protection has the potential to affect infection dynamics in natural populations.

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