Step-frequency ground-penetrating-radar array calibration requirements to estimate dielectric properties of pavements

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Gagarin ◽  
James Mekemson
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Properties ◽  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Step Frequency ◽  
Array Calibration ◽  
Ground Penetrating

scholarly journals Ground Penetrating Radar Survey of the Floor of the Accademia Gallery (Florence, Italy)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1273
Author(s):  
Lapo Miccinesi ◽  
Alessandra Beni ◽  
Silvia Monchetti ◽  
Michele Betti ◽  
Claudio Borri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Underground Structure ◽  
Step Frequency ◽  
Ground Floor ◽  
The Public ◽  
Ground Penetrating

This paper reports the results of a ground penetrating radar (GPR) survey of the ground-floor of Academia Gallery (Florence, Italy) where the Michelangelo’s David is exhibited to the public. The equipment used was a step-frequency GPR operating in the 100 MHz-1 GHz band, named ORFEUS. The survey covered an area of 13 m × 7.3 m, and the scans were performed along two orthogonal directions. Acquisitions in the same direction were separated by 0.25 m from each other. The GPR was able to confirm the underground structure, as it can be deducted by planimetry and historical documentation. In particular, the radar clearly detected the air-conditioning ducts under the floor and an approximately circular foundation below the basement of the statue.

Bone permittivity and its effect on using ground-penetrating radar

Geophysics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. H1-H11
Author(s):  
Blair B. Schneider ◽  
Georgios Tsoflias ◽  
Don W. Steeples ◽  
Rolfe Mandel ◽  
Jack Hofman
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Properties ◽  
Dielectric Property ◽  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Relative Permittivity ◽  
Water Saturation ◽  
Mixing Models ◽  
Bone Properties ◽  
Animal Bone ◽  
Bone Minerals ◽  
Ground Penetrating

Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) is a powerful tool that is still being developed for archaeological investigations. We investigated the dielectric properties of mammoth bone and bone from modern bison, cow, deer, and elk as a proxy for applying GPR for detecting prehistoric animal remains. Sample dielectric properties (relative permittivity, loss factor, and loss-tangent values) were measured with an impedance analyzer over frequencies ranging from 10 MHz to 1 GHz. Bone-sample porosity, bulk density, water saturation, and volumetric water content of the specimens were also measured. The measured sample-relative permittivity values were then compared with modeled relative permittivity values using common dielectric-mixing models to determine which parameters control the best-fit predictions of relative permittivity of animal bone. We observe statistically significant dielectric-property differences among different animal fauna, as well as variation as a function of frequency. In addition, we determine that the relative permittivity values of 8–9 for similar minerals, such as apatite, are not suitable as a proxy for predicting animal bone properties. We estimate new relative permittivity values of 3–5 for dry animal bone minerals in the frequency range of 100–1000 MHz using these common dielectric-mixing models. We postulate that differences in bone microstructure contribute to dielectric-property variability.

Kinetic Study of Portland Cement Hydration with Ground Penetrating Radar

2013 ◽  
Vol 539 ◽  
pp. 25-29
Author(s):  
Wei Chen ◽  
Pei Liang Shen ◽  
Jian Xin Lu ◽  
Wan Ru Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Dielectric Properties ◽  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Cement Hydration ◽  
Relative Dielectric Constant ◽  
Gradual Decline ◽  
Hardening Process ◽  
Ground Penetrating ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Portland Cement Hydration

The variations of dielectric constant and the amplitude of reflected EM wave of concrete during the first 3 days are measured with Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) at 20 oC. The amplitude decreases sharply after mixing with water, and then increases till a stabilized stage, followed by a gradual decline. The relative dielectric constant decreases with increasing hydrating time. The results show that the dielectric properties of concrete can be used as an effective way of studying the kinetics of concrete setting and hardening process at early ages.

scholarly journals Mapping the Physical and Dielectric Properties of Layered Soil Using Short-Time Matrix Pencil Method-Based Ground-Penetrating Radar

IEEE Access ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 105610-105621
Author(s):  
Nattawat Chantasen ◽  
Akkarat Boonpoonga ◽  
Krit Athikulwongse ◽  
Kamol Kaemarungsi ◽  
Prayoot Akkaraekthalin
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Properties ◽  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Matrix Pencil ◽  
Layered Soil ◽  
Matrix Pencil Method ◽  
Ground Penetrating ◽  
Short Time

scholarly journals Step-Frequency Ground Penetrating Radar for Agricultural Soil Morphology Characterisation

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1075
Author(s):  
Federico Lombardi ◽  
Maurizio Lualdi
Keyword(s):  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Continuous Wave ◽  
Textural Properties ◽  
Electromagnetic Properties ◽  
Soil Morphology ◽  
Agricultural Field ◽  
Step Frequency ◽  
Imaging Results ◽  
Ground Penetrating

Soil morphology plays a fundamental role in the vertical and lateral movements of solutes and water transport, providing knowledge regarding spatial distribution of its textural properties and subsurface dynamics. In this framework, the measured values of electrical conductivity are able to reveal the heterogeneity of soil that is present in a particular agricultural field and they are affected by more than one important physical characteristic: soil texture, organic matter, moisture content, and the depth of the clay pan. In the microwave region, these dynamics are known to exhibit a frequency dependent behaviour. This study explores the application of a Step Frequency Continuous Wave Ground Penetrating Radar (SFCW GPR) to shed light on the practical impact that these dependencies have on the imaging results, not only regarding the electrical characterisation of the subsurface morphology, but also in its correct interpretation. This information is of notable importance for determining water-use efficiency and planning precision-agriculture programs. The results clearly show visible and significant fluctuations of the amplitude levels, depending on the considered central frequency, demonstrating that the frequency dependence of electromagnetic properties of heterogeneous soil are significant and cannot be ignored if the aim is to properly define the subsurface attributes. The measurements also suggest that correlating the delineated variations might help in the identification of extended features and the classification of areas that possess similar properties in order to increase the confidence in monitoring soil resources.

REFLECTIVITY OF ELECTROMAGNETIC (EM) WAVE IN SHALLOW GROUND PENETRATING RADAR (GPR) SURVEY

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (7-3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Azwin Ismail ◽  
Nordiana Mohd Muztaza ◽  
Rosli Saad
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Properties ◽  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Geophysical Method ◽  
Wave Reflections ◽  
Material Parameters ◽  
Geophysical Surveys ◽  
Underground Utilities ◽  
Dielectric Contrast ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
Ground Penetrating

Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) is a geophysical method that is widely used in geophysical surveys, civil engineering applications, archaeological studies and locating underground utilities or hidden objects. It works by sending electromagnetic (EM) wave into the ground by transmitter and recording the returning signals by receiver. The returning signals bring information about the materials and changes in material parameters at different depths. The changes in dielectric properties () of two adjacent media result in EM wave reflections. In this study, several types of materials with different dielectric properties () are used in order to identify the reflectivity of the EM wave. Results prove that the larger the dielectric contrast, the higher the reflection coefficient thus the stronger the reflection.

scholarly journals Using ground-penetrating radar to image previous years’ summer surfaces for mass-balance measurements

1997 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 355-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Kohler ◽  
John Moore ◽  
Mike Kennett ◽  
Rune Engeset ◽  
Hallgeir Elvehøy
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Properties ◽  
Mass Balance ◽  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Radar Data ◽  
Snow Accumulation ◽  
Ice Surface ◽  
Winter Snow ◽  
Depth Scale ◽  
Ground Penetrating ◽  
Previous Summer

In traditional mass-balance measurements one estimates winter snow accumulation by identifying the depth to the previous summer’s snow or ice surface using a snow probe. This is labor-intensive and unreliable for inhomogeneous summer surfaces. Another method is to image internal reflection horizons using a ground-penetrating radar (GPR), which has advantages in speed and areal coverage over traditional probing. However, to obtain quantitative mass-balance measurements from GPR images one needs to convert the time scale to a depth scale, not a straightforward problem. We compare a GPR section with dielectric profiles and visual stratigraphy of three snow cores, manual probings, and previous mass-balance measurements. We relate changes in snow-core dielectric properties to changes in density and to the travel times of reflecting horizons in the GPR section, and correlate some of these reflecting horizons with previous summer surfaces. We conclude that GPR can be used as a complementary tool in mass-balance measurements, giving a wide areal survey of winter accumulation and net balance for preceding years. However, proper calibration is essential for identifying specific surfaces in the radar data.

scholarly journals Effect of Moisture Content on Calculated Dielectric Properties of Asphalt Concrete Pavements from Ground-Penetrating Radar Measurements

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Qingqing Cao ◽  
Imad L. Al-Qadi
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Properties ◽  
Numerical Model ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Asphalt Concrete ◽  
Concrete Pavements ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Moisture Variation ◽  
Ground Penetrating ◽  
Non Destructive

Moisture presence in asphalt concrete (AC) pavement is a major cause of damage to the pavement. In recent decades, an increasing need exists for non-destructive detection and monitoring of the moisture content in AC pavement. This paper provides a simulated approach to quantify the effect of internal moisture content on AC pavement dielectric properties using ground-penetrating radar (GPR). A heterogeneous numerical model was developed to simulate AC pavement with internal moisture at various saturation levels. The numerical model was validated using GPR surveys on cold-in-place recycling treated pavements. An empirical formula was derived from the simulation to correlate the dielectric constant with the moisture content for non-dry AC pavement. The results validated the proposed model and, hence, demonstrated the ability of GPR to monitor moisture variation in AC pavements.

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