XML in Library Cataloging Workflows

Author(s):  
Myung-Ja Han ◽  
Christine Cho

Libraries have been trying hard to produce and aggregate resources in both print and digital formats, which need to be integrated into the library system to provide access to users. This chapter summarizes the rapidly changing cataloging and metadata processing workflows in libraries and discusses the increasing need of exploiting XML technologies, including XSLT, and how this technology can improve in bibliographic metadata creation and management, and resource sharing and aggregation. The chapter narrates the changing environments of metadata management, especially diverse metadata sources and standards, which requires the use of new information technologies in traditional cataloging workflows.

Along with the shift from print to digital formats, information technologies are significantly affecting today’s libraries. New technologies and concepts such as mobile devices, social networking sites, communication and interactive tools, and other Internet technologies are changing how libraries serve their patrons as well as how users interact with libraries and each other. Each technology has impacted the library user and the user environment so much so that today’s library is said to be everywhere. Wherever the user can go with their mobile device and access the Internet, and therefore the library OPAC, it can functionally be said that they are at the library, for the collection, user services, and library databases is where the library is located, not the brick and mortar structure. This increased access also raises concerns over online information security and privacy, and the conscious Internet user needs to be aware of the dangers and take the necessary steps to mitigate them. The concept of change is another element of these new information technologies—embracing it, for technology is always changing as new ideas spark new revolutions in development and libraries must change along with them. All information institutions must learn to ride these waves of change instead of being pulled along, half drowning, by the undertow. Learning to both integrate and inform patrons on how best to use these technologies becomes an important part of being an information expert. Surveyed in this chapter is a selection of those important and driving technologies and changes.


Author(s):  
Joseph Walker

Along with the shift from print to digital formats, information technologies are significantly affecting today's libraries. New technologies and concepts such as mobile devices, social networking sites, communication and interactive tools, and other Internet technologies are changing how libraries serve their patrons as well as how users interact with libraries and each other. Each technology has impacted the library user and the user environment so much so that today's library is said to be everywhere. Wherever the user can go with their mobile device and access the Internet, and therefore the library OPAC, it can functionally be said that they are at the library, for the collection, user services, and library databases is where the library is located, not the brick and mortar structure. This increased access also raises concerns over online information security and privacy, and the conscious Internet user needs to be aware of the dangers and take the necessary steps to mitigate them. The concept of change is another element of these new information technologies—embracing it, for technology is always changing as new ideas spark new revolutions in development and libraries must change along with them. All information institutions must learn to ride these waves of change instead of being pulled along, half drowning, by the undertow. Learning to both integrate and inform patrons on how best to use these technologies becomes an important part of being an information expert. Surveyed in this chapter is a selection of those important and driving technologies and changes.


Author(s):  
Larisa E. Kresova

The activities of the American Memory Library, aimed at on activization of children’ reading interests in Germany are considered. The history, the collection composition, the material and technical basis and the organization of library space, as well as the usage of new information technologies in children's libraries of Germany are illuminated.


2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-356
Author(s):  
V.P. Kovalchuk ◽  
I.M. Kovalenko ◽  
S.V. Kovalenko ◽  
V.M. Burkot ◽  
V.O. Kovalenko

Innovations change the world in all spheres of life, and education is not an exception. Modern requirements of time put us new challenges that require the use of new information technologies at all stages of the educational process in higher education institutions, in particular the use of the Internet. In addition, it has been noted that Internet resources increase motivation and contribute to the formation of a fully developed personality. Testing and evaluating students' knowledge and abilities is an integral part of the credit-module system. One of the forms of evaluation of the initial level of knowledge, consolidation and improvement of assimilation of information is testing. It should be noted that in a number of countries, testing has shifted traditional forms of control — oral and written exams and interviews. However, in Ukraine, educators remain adherents of a combination of testing and classical analysis of material. It allows the most efficient distribution of the training time of a practical class, 100% control of the knowledge and the effectiveness of mastering the material of all the students of the academic group. Technical progress stimulates the search for new variants and possibilities of testing, its various variations. One of the options that can help solve this problem was a smartphone. In order to facilitate the work of the teacher at the Department of Microbiology, an online testing system with the use of smartphones was introduced. Online testing is conducted among students with Ukrainian and English language training. With the Google Forms platform, the teacher creates a form which contains the student's records and tests. Students directly from the teacher get a link to fill out an online form directly at the lesson. For testing, a database containing standard KROK-1 licensed test tasks is used. The form can contain any number of test tasks that are in arbitrary order, as well as a changed order of distractors, which makes it impossible to write off. At the same time, all students are in the same conditions: all write one option. After submitting the form, the student receives a notification that his response is recorded. Re-linking is not possible. In turn, the teacher receives a message on the result of the test in the table — the ratio of correct answers to the total number of questions, as well as options for their answers. First and foremost, questions are displayed on which students gave the largest number of incorrect answers. This allows the topic to be considered in the process of discussion of the most difficult tasks from the students perspective, and in the future it will allow more efficiently to create forms for on-line tests and to focus on these issues.


Author(s):  
Aleksandr Mitin

The article discusses the possibilities of automation of legal activities. Special attention is paid to the new branch of the business LegalTech, which allows providing legal services using information technology. Some projects in this area are briefly described: FreshDoc document designer, VideoContract app, and electronic trading platforms such as Legal Space and Pravoved.Ru. Although the legal community is not quite ready to work in such conditions, higher education institutions are already reforming their curricula, developing disciplines that allow gaining professional competence in introducing technologies that automate legal work, and so on. The author, in turn, offers using chat bots in legal clinics, gives examples of new disciplines for master’s degree programs, considers the idea of passing final examinations outside universities in certification centers, etc. It is emphasized that in jurisprudence there are a lot of typical situations in which typical decisions need to be made, and here artificial intelligence will be a good helper, and scientists will have more time to undertake a comprehensive analysis of law. Thus, even with the advent of new technologies, the creative work of lawyers will always be in demand.


In recent years, the Middle East’s information and communications landscape has changed dramatically. Increasingly, states, businesses, and citizens are capitalizing on the opportunities offered by new information technologies, the fast pace of digital transformations, and enhanced connectivity. These changes are far from turning Middle Eastern nations into network societies, but their impact is significant. The growing adoption of a wide variety of information technologies and new media platforms in everyday life has given rise to complex dynamics that beg for a better understanding. Digital Middle East sheds a critical light on continuing changes that are closely intertwined with the adoption of information and communication technologies in the MENA region. Drawing on case studies from throughout the Middle East, the contributors explore how these digital transformations are playing out in the social, cultural, political, and economic spheres, exposing the various disjunctions and discordances that have marked the advent of the digital Middle East.


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