Bibliometric Analysis of Studies on Coffee/Caffeine and Sport

This article provides an empirical overview of coffee/caffeine studies in relation to sport worldwide, an incipient but growing relationship that has existed since 1938, although systematized over time since 1999. The extracted articles were examined using a bibliometric approach based on data from 160 records stored in the Web of Science (JCR) between 1938 and August 2021, applying traditional bibliometric laws and using VOSviewer for data and metadata processing. Among the results, these articles highlight an exponential increase in scientific production in the last two decades, with a concentration in only 12 specific journals, the hegemony of the USA among the co-authorship networks of worldwide relevance, and the thematic and temporal segregation of the concepts under study. This article concludes a high fragmentation of the authors with the highest level of scientific production and an evolution of almost 20 years in relevant thematic topics, and a concurrent concentration in three large blocks: (1) coffee consumption and risk factors, (2) health and coffee consumption, and (3) metabolism and sport correlated with the intake of coffee, which are distanced in time, providing evidence of an evolution that gives way to the irruption of alternative visions in the relationship of coffee and caffeine with sport.

SSTRED: Data- and metadata-processing pipeline for CHROMIS and CRISP

Context. Data from ground-based, high-resolution solar telescopes can only be used for science with calibrations and processing, which requires detailed knowledge about the instrumentation. Space-based solar telescopes provide science-ready data, which are easier to work with for researchers whose expertise is in the interpretation of data. Recently, data-processing pipelines for ground-based instruments have been constructed. Aims. We aim to provide observers with a user-friendly data pipeline for data from the Swedish 1-meter Solar Telescope (SST) that delivers science-ready data together with the metadata needed for proper interpretation and archiving. Methods. We briefly describe the CHROMospheric Imaging Spectrometer (CHROMIS) instrument, including its (pre)filters, as well as recent upgrades to the CRisp Imaging SpectroPolarimeter (CRISP) prefilters and polarization optics. We summarize the processing steps from raw data to science-ready data cubes in FITS files. We report calibrations and compensations for data imperfections in detail. Misalignment of Ca II data due to wavelength-dependent dispersion is identified, characterized, and compensated for. We describe intensity calibrations that remove or reduce the effects of filter transmission profiles as well as solar elevation changes. We present REDUX, a new version of the MOMFBD image restoration code, with multiple enhancements and new features. It uses projective transforms for the registration of multiple detectors. We describe how image restoration is used with CRISP and CHROMIS data. The science-ready output is delivered in FITS files, with metadata compliant with the SOLARNET recommendations. Data cube coordinates are specified within the World Coordinate System (WCS). Cavity errors are specified as distortions of the WCS wavelength coordinate with an extension of existing WCS notation. We establish notation for specifying the reference system for Stokes vectors with reference to WCS coordinate directions. The CRIsp SPectral EXplorer (CRISPEX) data-cube browser has been extended to accept SSTRED output and to take advantage of the SOLARNET metadata. Results. SSTRED is a mature data-processing pipeline for imaging instruments, developed and used for the SST/CHROMIS imaging spectrometer and the SST/CRISP spectropolarimeter. SSTRED delivers well-characterized, science-ready, archival-quality FITS files with well-defined metadata. The SSTRED code, as well as REDUX and CRISPEX, is freely available through git repositories.

Application of ontological analysis for metadata processing in the interpretation of BIG DATA at the semantic level

The paper considers the main aspects of modern technologies applied for knowledge analysis to obtain information from Big Data. The analysis of the current state of research in this area shows that background knowledge subject areas of user interest represented by domain ontologies can be used both in order to effectively analysis of information acquried from certain sets of Big Data, and to make this acquisition more useful. With the help of such ontologies, users can formally describe the scope of their information needs, define the structure of the required information objects and explicitly highlight critical for current task domain aspects. Subject of rocessing in the semantics analysis of Big Data is their metadata usually represented by unstructured natural language text. We need to standardize the representation of meta-descriptions wit use of appropriate ontologies that determine the structure and content of individual elements of metadata.

Understanding the Nature of Metadata – A Deep Insight in the Literature (Preprint)

BACKGROUND Metadata are created to describe the corresponding data in a detailed and unambiguous way and are used for various applications in different research areas, e.g. data identification and classification. However, the clear definition of metadata is crucial for further use. However, experience with the processing and management of metadata has shown that the term "metadata" and its use is not always unambiguous. OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to understand the nature of metadata definition and the resulting impact on information reuse. METHODS A systematic literature search performed in this paper is conducted in accordance with the PRISMA Guidelines for Reporting on Systematic Reviews. Five research questions were identified to streamline the review process addressing the characteristics, metadata standards, use cases and encountered problems. The review is preceded by a process of harmonization in order to achieve a general understanding of the terms used. RESULTS The harmonization process resulted in a clear set of definitions for metadata processing focusing on data integration. The following literature review was conducted by ten reviewers with different backgrounds and using the harmonized definitions. The review included 81 peer-reviewed papers from the last decade after different filtering steps to identify the most relevant papers. The five research questions could be answered, resulting in a broad overview of standards, use cases, problems and corresponding solutions for the application of metadata in different research areas. CONCLUSIONS Metadata can be a powerful tool for identifying, describing and processing information, but its meaningful creation is costly and challenging. The review process discovered many standards, use cases, problems and solutions in dealing with metadata and gave a broad overview of the topic. The harmonized definitions and the new schema should improve the classification and creation of metadata by enabling a common understanding of metadata and its context.

Implementing Watermarking Based on a Virtual XPS Printer for Windows Operating Systems

The article presents an approach to electronic documents printed marking by implementing a virtual XPS printer in Windows operating systems. The developed approach allows marking electronic documents during printing, regardless of the document presentation format and requirements for the printing process. During the marking approach development and implementation, a comparative analysis of technical solutions in the field of marking electronic documents was carried out, advantages and disadvantages were determined. Requirements and limitations imposed on the marking approach are defined. The virtual printer technology choice for the marking documents implementation in the printing process is substantiated. In the course of the marking approach implementing based on virtual printer technology, the structure of the organization and interaction of the marking process with the components of the print service of Windows family operating systems is given. The architecture of a virtual XPS printer driver has been developed. The process of practical implementation of the marker embedding into an electronic document using the developed virtual printer is described. In the process of the marking approach practical implementation, a interaction features description of the developed print filter with the printing subsystem, the parameters of metadata processing and the organization features of the marking server multithreaded implementation is presented. The implementation features of the developed marking approach in individual operating systems of the Windows family are considered. Limitations and assumptions are determined for each of the considered operating systems. Marking process requirements and further research directions are formulated.

One Step Away from Technology but One Step Towards Domain Experts—MDRBridge: A Template-Based ISO 11179-Compliant Metadata Processing Pipeline

Summary Background Secondary use of routine medical data relies on a shared understanding of given information. This understanding is achieved through metadata and their interconnections, which can be stored in metadata repositories (MDRs). The necessity of an MDR is well understood, but the local work on metadata is a time-consuming and challenging process for domain experts. Objective To support the identification, collection, and provision of metadata in a predefined structured manner to foster consolidation. A particular focus is placed on user acceptance. Methods We propose a software pipeline MDRBridge as a practical intermediary for metadata capture and processing, based on MDRSheet, an ISO 11179–3 compliant template using popular spreadsheet software. It serves as a practical mediator for metadata acquisition and processing in a broader pipeline. Due to the different origins of the metadata, both manual entry and automatic extractions from application systems are supported. To enable the export of collected metadata into external MDRs, a mapping of ISO 11179 to Clinical Data Interchange Standards Consortium (CDISC) Operational Data Model (ODM) was developed. Results MDRSheet is embedded in the processing pipeline MDRBridge and delivers metadata in the CDISC ODM format for further use in MDRs. This approach is used to interactively unify core datasets, import existing standard datasets, and automatically extract all defined data elements from source systems. The involvement of clinical domain experts improved significantly due to minimal changes within their usual work routine. Conclusion A high degree of acceptance was achieved by adapting the working methods of clinical domain experts. The designed process is capable of transforming all relevant data elements according to the ISO 11179-3 format. MDRSheet is used as an intermediate format to present the information at a glance and to allow editing or supplementing by domain experts.

Development of a Music Recommender System Based on Content Metadata Processing

Music recommender systems (MRS) help users of music streaming services to find interesting music in the music catalogs. The sparsity problem is an essential problem of MRS research. It refers to the fact that user usually rates only a tiny part of items. As a result, MRS often has not enough data to make a recommendation. To solve the sparsity problem, in this paper, a new approach that uses related items’ ratings is proposed. Hybrid MRS based on this approach is described. It uses tracks, albums, artists, genres normalized ratings along with information about relations between items of different types in the music catalog. The proposed MRS is evaluated and compared to collaborative method for users’ preferences prediction.