The Development of a Quantitative Method for the Detection of Periarticular Osteoporosis Using Density Features within ROIs from Computed Radiography Images of the Hand

2012 ◽  
pp. 55-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seiichi Murakami ◽  
Hyoungseop Kim ◽  
Joo Kooi Tan ◽  
Seiji Ishikawa ◽  
Takatoshi Aoki
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Fourier Analysis ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Quantitative Method ◽  
Computed Radiography ◽  
Regions Of Interest ◽  
Histogram Analysis ◽  
Hands And Feet

Periarticular osteoporosis of the hands and feet is one of the major diagnostic criteria for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, a quantitative method to detect periarticular osteoporosis using radiographs has not been reported. In this chapter, the authors propose a quantitative method for the detection of periarticular osteoporosis using density features of regions of interest (ROIs) from computed radiography (CR) images of the hand. The proposed method measures the density features of ROIs using histogram analysis, co-occurrence matrices, Fourier analysis, and the extraction of line components. Periarticular osteoporosis is detected using a discernment function based on these measurements. The sensitivity and specificity of the proposed method was assessed using 188 joints from 17 cases, including 6 normal cases (without periarticular osteoporosis) and 11 abnormal cases (with periarticular osteoporosis). The sensitivity of the method was 88.9%, and the specificity was 98.1%. Therefore, the authors consider this method to be potentially useful to radiologists for detecting periarticular osteoporosis in the hands.

The diagnostic and prognostic value of right ventricle systolic and diastolic function in inferior myocardial infarction patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Niniek Purwaningtyas
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Diastolic Function ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Systolic Function ◽  
Inferior Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Diagnostic Significance ◽  
St Segment Elevation ◽  
St Segment ◽  
Systolic And Diastolic Function

Background: Inferior myocardial infarction (MI) with right ventricular (RV) involvement will increase mortality and morbidity. Data of systolic and diastolic RV function in inferior ST-segment elevation MI (STEMI) are useful to predict the RV involvement.  Aims: To evaluate the prognostic and diagnostic significance of RV systolic and diastolic function compared to RVMI diagnostic criteria by electrocardiography in inferior MI patients.Methods: Consecutive patients with first, acute, inferior STEMI were prospectively assessed. The RVMI was defined as an ST-segment elevation ≥ 0.1 mV in lead V4R. Echocardiography was performed within 24 hours of the inferior STEMI symptoms. We assessed the RVMI diagnostic criteria in inferior MI patients using echocardiography.Results: Out of 31 patients (mean age 56.39 ± 9.02 years), RVMI by electrocardiography and echocardiography was found in 18 (37%). Moreover, multivariate analysis showed that two variables — RV systolic and diastolic function, were independent predictors of RVMI in inferior MI patients. Sensitivity and specificity of the RV systolic function were 94.4% and 69.2%, respectively, while RV diastolic functions were 44% and 76.9%, respectively.Conclusion: RV systolic function predict RVMI with relatively high sensitivity and specificity. RV diastolic function predicts RVMI with relatively low sensitivity but with high specificity.

Anti-carbamylated Protein Antibodies and Serum Level of 14-3-3 Protein for Early Detection of Rheumatoid Arthritis Patient in Correlation with Rheumatoid Factor, Anti-CCP Antibodies, Disease Activity and Joint Damage using High Frequency Musculoskeletal Ultrasound

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-153
Author(s):  
Sahar A. Ahmed ◽  
Enas M. Darwish ◽  
Walaa A. Attya ◽  
Mai Samir ◽  
Mennatallah Elsayed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Rheumatoid Factor ◽  
Disease Activity Score ◽  
Joint Damage ◽  
Musculoskeletal Ultrasound ◽  
Activity Score ◽  
Das 28 ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hands And Feet

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common progressive chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease which affects mostly small joints, causing pain, swelling, deformity, and disability. Although progress has been made in exploring RA nature, still there is a lot to know about the disease pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment. Aim of the Work: To investigate the role of serum anti-carbamylated protein antibodies and 14-3-3η in the diagnosis of RA compared to rheumatoid factor (RF), anti-CCP antibodies, and highfrequency musculoskeletal ultrasound used to assess the disease activity and joint damage. Methods: Serum anti-carbamylated protein antibodies and 14-3-3η were measured using ELISA in 61 RA patients and 26 normal controls. RA Disease Activity Score (DAS 28), X-ray and musculoskeletal ultrasound (hands and feet), carotid ultrasound (Intima-Media Thickness IMT) were used in assessing the RA disease. Results: Anti-carbamylated protein antibodies were significantly elevated in RA patients 4.5 (4.1- 8.9 U⁄ml) compared to the control 3.2(1.9- 4.3 U⁄ml) (p< 0.001) but 14-3-3η showed no significant difference. There was a significant positive correlation between anti-carbamylated protein antibodies, 14-3-3η levels and disease activity score assessed by DAS 28, increased IMT measured by carotid duplex, total synovitis and total erosion score were assessed by musculoskeletal ultrasound. There was no correlation between RF and anti-CCP antibodies. Anti-carbamylated protein antibodies were found to have 66.7% sensitivity and 85.2% specificity in RA diagnosis, while 14- 3-3η had 51.9% sensitivity and 72.1% specificity. Conclusion: Anti-carbamylated protein antibodies and 14-3-3η have a high sensitivity and specificity in RA diagnosis and had a correlation with the disease activity and joint damage.

scholarly journals Adjusted T SPOT.TB Criteria Can Increase the Specificity of Diagnosis When Differentiating Spinal Tuberculosis From Other Spinal Infections

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongjing Jiang ◽  
Qile Gao ◽  
Mingxing Tang ◽  
Hongqi Zhang ◽  
Yanbing Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Spinal Tuberculosis ◽  
Youden Index ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Relative Operating Characteristic ◽  
Spinal Infections

Abstract Background: The ability of T-SPOT.TB to differentiate Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection of the spine from other infections is little known. This study quantified the efficiency, sensitivity, and specificity of the T-SPOT.TB assay to distinguish between spinal tuberculosis (STB) caused by M. tuberculosis and other infections of the spine and evaluated whether diagnostic performance was improved by adjusting the T-SPOT.TB assay criteria. Methods: From January 2010 to May 2020, 147 patients with spinal infections were recruited. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected, and the number of spot-forming cells was observed. Patients’ white blood cell (WBC) counts, C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), procalcitonin (PCT), and TB antibodies were recorded. Specimen/tissue bacteriological culture was the reference standard for sensitivity and specificity. Results: There were 77 (52.4%) participants with confirmed TB and 70 (47.6%) with other infections. The groups were comparable in T-SPOT.TB assay results, age, sex, lesions in the segments, WBC count, CRP, procalcitonin, ESR, and TB antibodies. The sensitivity and specificity of the T-SPOT.TB assay for identifying STB was 88.3% and 40.0%, respectively. On the basis of Relative operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis and the Youden index, when we adjusted the T-SPOT.TB assay’s diagnostic criteria, ESAT-6>12 or CFP-10>19,the sensitivity and specificity of the T-SPOT.TB assay for identifying STB was 83.1% and 64.3%, respectively. Conclusion: The T-SPOT.TB assay has great sensitivity to distinguish STB from other spinal infections; however, the specificity is extremely low. Specificity can be significantly improved while sensitivity is guaranteed by adjusting the diagnostic criteria.

scholarly journals TO ASSESS THE SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY OF SERUM ANTICYCLIC CITRULLINATED PEPTIDE ANTIBODY IN PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS IN A COMMUNITY HOSPITAL IN LAHORE, PAKISTAN

1969 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 503-507
Author(s):  
BUSHRA GOHAR SHAH ◽  
HAMID JAVAID QURESHI ◽  
IZAZ UR REHMAN
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Rheumatoid Factor ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Specific Marker ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Peptide Antibody ◽  
Citrullinated Peptide

OBJECTIVES: To compare the sensitivity and specificity of serum anti-Cyclic Citrullinated Peptideantibody (anti-CCP) with serum rheumatoid factor in diagnosing rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in acommunity hospital in Lahore, Pakistan.DESIGN: Cross-sectional analytical study.PLACE & DURATION OF STUDY: Subjects were recruited from Fatima Memorial Hospital,Rheumatology Outpatient Department from January, 2010 to December, 2010. The research work wasconducted at Department of Physiology and Cell Biology of University of Health Sciences, Lahore.SUBJECTS & METHODS: Eighty diagnosed patients of rheumatoid arthritis and thirty normalhealthy controls were included in the study. After selection of subjects, written informed consent wasobtained. The venous blood sample was taken and secured in vacutainers. Serum was extracted bycentrifugation and stored at -20°C till analysis. Titers of anti-CCP and rheumatoid factor weredetermined by ELISA. The data obtained was analyzed by using SPSS version 16.0.RESULTS: The sensitivity and specificity of serum anti-CCP was found to be 58.6% and 86.7%respectively as compared to 47.5% and 83.3% for serum rheumatoid factor (RF) in diagnosingrheumatoid arthritis. Sensitivity of anti-CCP antibody in RF negative sub-group was 32.1%.CONCLUSION: Serum anti-CCP antibody is more sensitive and specific marker for diagnosis ofrheumatoid arthritis as compared to the rheumatoid factor.KEY WORDS: Rheumatoid Arthritis, Anti- Cyclic Citrullinated Peptide Antibody (ACCP), Rheumatoid Factor

The role of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in the diagnosis of malignant non-mass breast lesions and exploration of diagnostic criteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 94 (1120) ◽  
pp. 20200880
Author(s):  
Fan Zhang ◽  
Lifang Jin ◽  
Gang Li ◽  
Chao Jia ◽  
Qiusheng Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Breast Imaging ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Lower Sensitivity ◽  
Breast Lesions ◽  
Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Histopathological Results

Objectives: To assess the value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) for diagnosing malignant non-mass breast lesions (NMLs) and to explore the CEUS diagnostic criteria. Methods: A total of 116 patients with 119 NMLs detected by conventional US were enrolled. Histopathological results were used as the reference standard. The enhancement characteristics of NMLs in CEUS were compared between malignant and benign NMLs. The CEUS diagnostic criteria for malignant NMLs were established using independent diagnostic indicators identified by binary logistic regression analysis. The diagnostic performance of Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System-US (BI-RADS-US), CEUS, and BI-RADS-US combined with CEUS was evaluated and compared. Results: Histopathological results showed 63 and 56 benign and malignant NMLs. Enhancement degree (OR = 5.75, p = 0.003), enhancement area (OR = 4.25, p = 0.005), and radial or penetrating vessels (OR = 7.54, p = 0.003) were independent diagnostic indicators included to establish the CEUS diagnostic criteria. The sensitivity and specificity of BI-RADS-US, CEUS, and BI-RADS-US combined with CEUS were 100 and 30.2%, 80.4 and 74.6%, and 94.6 and 77.8%, respectively; the corresponding areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) were 0.819, 0.775, and 0.885, respectively. Conclusions: CEUS has a high specificity in malignant NML diagnosis based on the diagnostic criteria including enhancement degree, enhancement area, and radial or penetrating vessels, but with lower sensitivity than BI-RADS-US. The combination of CEUS and BI-RADS-US is an effective diagnostic tool with both high sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of malignant NMLs. Advances in knowledge: In this study, we assessed the diagnostic value of CEUS for malignant NMLs and constructed a feasible diagnostic criterion. We further revealed that the combination of CEUS and BI-RADS-US has a high diagnostic value for malignant NMLs.

Rheumatoid arthritis: basic mechanisms in joints

ESC CardioMed ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 1109-1112
Author(s):  
Oliver Distler ◽  
Caroline Ospelt
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Cell Formation ◽  
Synovial Fibroblasts ◽  
Inflammatory Cell Infiltrate ◽  
Cytokines And Chemokines ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein ◽  
Sublining Layer ◽  
Destructive Processes ◽  
Hands And Feet

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a destructive polyarthritis which mostly starts in the small joints of the hands and feet. In the course of the disease, more proximal joints also become involved. The progressive destruction of joint structures is mediated by the chronically inflamed, hyperplasic synovial tissue, which attaches to and degrades the adjacent joint cartilage. Typical changes of the RA synovium are increased cellularity in the synovial lining and sublining layer, including vascularization, giant cell formation, and immigration of immune cells. The inflammatory cell infiltrate comprises macrophages, monocytes, dendritic cells, T cells, B cells, plasma cells, innate lymphoid cells, and mast cells. These cells together with resident stromal cells (synovial fibroblasts) form a complex network and maintain inflammatory and destructive processes via the secretion of various cytokines and chemokines. Intracellularly, cytokine-activated receptor signalling is mediated via protein kinase-dependent signalling pathways, such as mitogen-activated protein kinases and Janus kinase, which leads to the activation of transcription factors and thus changes in the transcriptional programme. Gene transcription is additionally modified by epigenetic mechanisms and post-transcriptionally by microRNA.

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