Natural Adhesives, Binders, and Matrices for Wood and Fiber Composites

2014 ◽  
pp. 131-181
Author(s):  
Antonio Pizzi
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Solid Wood ◽  
Fiber Mats ◽  
Cashew Nut ◽  
New Process ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Protein Adhesives ◽  
Cashew Nut Shell ◽  
Unsaturated Oil

Recent developments and trends in the field of bio-based adhesives are reviewed. The more recent developments in tannin adhesives without the use of aldehyde-yielding compounds under the conditions of processing, or even without the use of hardeners, are described. Lignin adhesives are discussed next. The combination of these two types to yield natural environmentally friendly matrices for non-woven fiber mats is also reviewed. Several new trends in the developments of protein adhesives and in carbohydrate adhesives are then addressed. Unsaturated oil adhesives based on epoxidized unsaturated vegetable oils are also described as well as an example of cashew nut shell oil modified by a new and inexpensive method to yield an adhesive by self-condensation of the material. The chapter addresses last the new process of solid wood friction welding without the use of adhesive, in which the wood interface itself is used as the binder.

scholarly journals Oxidative Stability of Acylated and Hydrogenated Ricinoleates Using Synthetic and Natural Antioxidants

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Murilo T. Luna ◽  
Davi Costa Salmin ◽  
Vanessa S. Santiago ◽  
Francisco J. N. Maia ◽  
Francisco O. N. Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stability ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Cashew Nut Shell Liquid ◽  
Chemically Modified ◽  
Cashew Nut ◽  
Resistance To Oxidation ◽  
Cashew Nut Shell ◽  
Induction Times ◽  
Esterification Reactions

As increasing environmental policies constrains are imposed, the demand for biodegradable products also increases. Although vegetable oils present some properties that favor its use for formulation of a bio-based lubricant, its poor resistance to oxidation hinders its application as such. In this study, the thermo-oxidative stability of bio-based products was compared to petroleum-based lubricants and vegetable oils through the PetroOXY method. Chemical modifications in the ricinoleic acids were carried out using long-chain alcohols in esterification reactions. Acetates were obtained from ricinoleates with and without hydrogenation steps. Additionally, commercial antioxidants and phenolic compounds (saturated and unsaturated cardanol) obtained from cashew nut shell liquid were added to the synthesized samples with higher induction times. The results show that the chemically modified bio-based products exhibited improved oxidative stability (up to 6 times) and depressed pour point (−42°C) when compared to pure castor oil. Overall, the addition of antioxidants increased from 6 to 20 times the oxidative stability of the bio-based products. Propyl gallate and saturated cardanol showed higher efficiency for retarding the oxidative process of bio-based samples than the commercial antioxidants.

Matrices from vegetable oils, cashew nut shell liquid, and other relevant systems for biocomposite applications

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 1700-1715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael L. Quirino ◽  
Thomas F. Garrison ◽  
Michael R. Kessler
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Cashew Nut Shell Liquid ◽  
Cashew Nut ◽  
Cashew Nut Shell

This review focuses on the progress made over the last decade, in the development of bio-based matrices for biocomposite applications.

Study on the Influence of the Wastes from Cashew Industry on Environmentally Friendly Bricks

2018 ◽  
Vol 930 ◽  
pp. 120-124
Author(s):  
Francisca Pereira de Araújo ◽  
Josy Anteveli Osajima ◽  
João Sammy Nery de Souza ◽  
Marcelo Barbosa Furtini
Keyword(s):  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
The State ◽  
The South ◽  
Cashew Nut Shell Liquid ◽  
Cashew Nut ◽  
Soil Cement ◽  
Cashew Nut Shell ◽  
Properties Of Soil

Soil-cement bricks are sustainable and economically viable alternatives due to the possibility of residue utilization. CNSL (Cashew nut shell liquid ) is an example of residue from the cashew industry that can be reused in many applications. Therefore, the present work had as its objective to produce soil-cement bricks having CNSL as a constituent of the formulation. The samples were obtained from the mixture of pure CNSL, soil and cement (1:10). The soils used in the research were extracted from the south of the state and the mixture was pressed in a modular manual press. The samples were submitted to resistance and permeability tests and the results related to resistance and compression showed that the bricks presented an average of 2,3 MPa and were in accordance with what is suggested by NBR 8491/12. The presence of CNSL also altered the permeability of the material which was obtained. Hence, one may conclude that the presence of CNSL satisfactorily influences upon the properties of soil-cement bricks.

Heterogeneous System in Organic Synthesis: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 740-753
Author(s):  
Bishwajit Changmai ◽  
Gunindra Pathak ◽  
Jasha Momo H. Anal ◽  
Lalthazuala Rokhum
Keyword(s):  
Organic Synthesis ◽  
Heterogeneous System ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Solid Phase Synthesis ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Henry Reaction ◽  
Phase Synthesis ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Recovery And Reuse

Due to its inherent advantages such as easy recovery and reuse of the catalysts/ reagents, and environmentally friendly nature, the heterogeneous system has gain popularity in the realm of organic synthesis. In recent years, several chemically or biologically potent molecules are achieved through heterogeneous synthesis strategies. By recalling some of the classical fundamentals of the heterogeneous system in important organic synthesis, this mini-review outlines the recent developments in the applications heterogeneous catalysts and reagents; particularly in the solid phase synthesis, esterification and transesterification reactions to produce biodiesel, and Henry reaction.

scholarly journals Application of a cashew-based oxime in extracting Ni, Mn and Co from aqueous solution

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi M. Phan ◽  
Son A. Hoang ◽  
Son H. Vu ◽  
Hoang M. Nguyen ◽  
Cuong V. Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Phase ◽  
Extraction Efficiency ◽  
Acidic Solution ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Metal Extraction ◽  
Economic Potential ◽  
Cashew Nut ◽  
Valuable Metals ◽  
Loaded Organic Phase ◽  
Cashew Nut Shell

Abstract Background Cashew nut shell is a by-product of cashew (Anacardium occidentale) production, which is abundant in many developing countries. Cashew nut shell liquor (CNSL) contains a functional chemical, cardanol, which can be converted into a hydroxyoxime. The hydroxyoximes are expensive reagents for metal extraction. Methods CNSL-based oxime was synthesized and used to extract Ni, Co, and Mn from aqueous solutions. The extraction potential was compared against a commercial extractant (LIX 860N). Results All metals were successfully extracted with pH0.5 between 4 and 6. The loaded organic phase was subsequently stripped with an acidic solution. The extraction efficiency and pH0.5 of the CNSL-based extractant were similar to a commercial phenol-oxime extractant. The metals were stripped from the loaded organic phase with a recovery rate of 95% at a pH of 1. Conclusions Cashew-based cardanol can be used to economically produce an oxime in a simple process. The naturally-based oxime has the economic potential to sustainably recover valuable metals from spent lithium-ion batteries. Graphic abstract

Particleboard from Cashew Nut Shell Liquid

2007 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lubi C. Mary ◽  
Eby Thomas Thachil
Keyword(s):  
Cashew Nut Shell Liquid ◽  
Cashew Nut ◽  
Cashew Nut Shell

Kinetic and structural changes during gasification of cashew nut shell char particles

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Nam Nguyen ◽  
Duy Anh Khuong ◽  
Thi Thu Ha Vu ◽  
Thi Nga Mai ◽  
Toshiki Tsubota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Cashew Nut ◽  
Cashew Nut Shell
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