Chemical characteristics and nutritional potentials of unsaturated fatty acids

The oil has wide range of therapeutic and culinary applications. Saturated (SFAs), unsaturated (USFAs) like monounsaturated (MUFAs) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). It also contains the ω-3 fatty acid i.e. linolenic acid (ALA), ω-6 i.e. linoleic acid (LA) and ω-9 i.e., oleic acid (OA). These PUFAs are most beneficial to human health and in prevention and control of various diseases. The seeds oil contains SFAs, USFAs (MUFAs and PUFAs). Unsaturated oil has most beneficial to human health and in prevention and control of various diseases such as cancer, inflammation, rheumatoid arthritis, cardiovascular disorders, coronary heart disease (CHD), specifically for its ability to reduce blood pressure and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and other health benefits.

Effect of monoglycerides and fatty acids on a ceramide bilayer

A systematic study of the effect of saturated and unsaturated oil additives on a ceramide bilayer (skin lipids) using MD simulations.

Analysis of Fatty Acid Composition in the Seed and flower oil of Syrian Ligustrun Lucidum and olive oil

The fatty acid composition in the seed and flower of Ligustrun lucidum and olive oil was studied by Gas Chromatography. Results showed that the main components of seed oil were Palmitic (C16:0) 5,893% ,Palmitolic acid (C16:1)0,398%, Steaeic (C18:0)2,911% ,Oleic (C18:1)74,984%,Linoleic (C18:2) 12,959%,and Linolenic (C18:3) 0,997%. The proportion of unsaturated fatty acid was above 89,338%, so the seed oil of L. lucidum ait belonged to unsaturated oil which possessed promising application. The components of flower oil were Palmitic (C16:0) 65,674% ,Palmitolic acid (C16:1)6,516%, Steaeic (C18:0)2,641% ,Oleic (C18:1)14,707%,Linoleic (C18:2) 3,113%,and Linolenic (C18:3) 2,70%. The proportion of unsaturated fatty acid and saturated fatty acid was above 26,406%, 68,315%,respectively so the flower oil of ligustrun lucidum belonged to saturated oil . the main components of olive oil were Palmitic (C16:0) 13,364% ,Palmitolic acid (C16:1)0,834%, Steaeic (C18:0)3,860% ,Oleic (C18:1) 68,668%,Linoleic (C18:2) 12,586%,and Linolenic (C18:3) 0,687%. The proportion of unsaturated fatty acid was above 82,775%, so the olive oil of ligustrun lucidum ait belonged to. These values of seed oil are very similar to that found in the olive oil.

Natural Adhesives, Binders, and Matrices for Wood and Fiber Composites

Recent developments and trends in the field of bio-based adhesives are reviewed. The more recent developments in tannin adhesives without the use of aldehyde-yielding compounds under the conditions of processing, or even without the use of hardeners, are described. Lignin adhesives are discussed next. The combination of these two types to yield natural environmentally friendly matrices for non-woven fiber mats is also reviewed. Several new trends in the developments of protein adhesives and in carbohydrate adhesives are then addressed. Unsaturated oil adhesives based on epoxidized unsaturated vegetable oils are also described as well as an example of cashew nut shell oil modified by a new and inexpensive method to yield an adhesive by self-condensation of the material. The chapter addresses last the new process of solid wood friction welding without the use of adhesive, in which the wood interface itself is used as the binder.

Level of wheat bran and saturation of lipid on fibre digestibility in the pig

The recent renewed interest in the feeding of fibrous feedstuffs to pigs has been precipitated by a number of economic and welfare issues. To reduce the costs of pig meat production, farmers have increased the use of cheaper ingredients which tend to contain a high proportion of fibre. The feeding of finely ground cereals in intensive systems has been linked with high rates of mortality resultant from gastric lesions. Adding materials rich in fibre can be beneficial in this respect through its effects on the gut environment.The addition of fibrous feeds to a diet will however have the effect of diluting the energy concentration of the diet and it is likely that counterbalancing levels of high energy materials will need to be added in order to maintain energy levels.Fibre digestion in the ruminant is known to be depressed by the addition of lipid to a diet and it may be that fermentation in the hind gut of the pig is similarly affected. Tallow, a saturated fat, and maize oil, an unsaturated oil, were used to investigate the effect of saturation of lipid on the digestibility of fibre from wheat bran. The effect of level of wheat bran on fibre digestibility was also examined.

Evaluation of malt distillers wet grains for pregnant ewes

Malt distillers wet grains (MDG) are an important feed source of ruminants in Scotland with an annual production of 220,000 T. Ensiled MDG is commonly fed to ewes but little information is available on the optimal inclusion level in the diet for pregnant ewes. Of particular interest is the maximum inclusion rate as MDG is frequently the least cost dietary component. MDG are high in unsaturated oil, which, owing to its inhibitory effect on rumen bacteria, results in reduced intakes and digestibility of diets containing high levels of MDG. Furthermore MDG are devoid of soluble minerals such as potassium and sodium. Previous experiments with cattle (Lewis and Lowman, 1987) and lambs (Vipond et al, 1992) have shown that supplementation of MDG with a mineral mix (MDG mineral) containing high levels of potassium, calcium and magnesium can overcome these deficiencies and promote higher intakes and improve performance. Such a mineral was used in this trial.

The effect of calcium hydroxide treatment of spent grains on their digestion and utilisation by finishing lambs

The use of malt distillers grains (draff) in ruminant diets is limited both by its moderate digestibility and variable intake. This is due to the low digestibility of its fibre and to the inhibitory effects of its unsaturated oil on rumen cellulolysis. Treatment of draff with Ca(OH)2 may ameliorate these limitations in two ways. Firstly, alkali treatment increases fibre digestibility due to hydrolysis of lignocellulosic linkages. Secondly, under alkaline conditions and in the presence of calcium ions, the unsaturated fatty acids of the draff oil form insoluble calcium soaps, thus reducing their inhibitory effects on rumen function.Thirty Blackface-cross lambs were allocated by sex and weight to three groups of ten. The animals were penned in pairs and were offered hay ad libitum and supplemented with 350g DM/d of either mineralised draff (MD), limed draff (LD - draff treated with 80g Ca(OH)2 /kg DM, held at 60°C for 18 hours and then dried at 60°C), or a proprietary lamb finishing concentrate (C - Premium Sheep Fattening Pellets, Carrs Farm Foods, Solway Mills, Silloth). The supplements were gradually increased to 1200g DM/d over 60 days. Dry matter intakes of hay and supplements were measured daily and animals were weighed weekly. The lambs were condition scored ‘blind’ on day 60 and were assessed for slaughter.