Chances for and Limitations of Brain-Computer Interface use in Elderly People

2014 ◽  
pp. 116-126
Author(s):  
Emilia Mikołajewska ◽  
Dariusz Mikołajewski ◽  
Tomasz Komendziński ◽  
Joanna Dreszer-Drogorób ◽  
Monika Lewandowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elderly People ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Medical Problems ◽  
Computer Interfaces ◽  
Ethical And Legal Issues ◽  
Control Devices ◽  
And Control

Recent demographic prognoses show tendencies toward a significant increase in the number of elderly people, especially in developed countries. This makes geriatric therapy, rehabilitation, and care difficult, especially with maintaining as long as possible the highest quality of life and independence in activities of daily living. Lack of specialized personnel and financial shortages may cause increased application of Assistive Technology (AT) and associated control devices. The most advanced current devices for diagnosis, communication, and control purposes are perceived Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs). BCIs use brain-derived bioelectrical signals as an input to enable diagnosis, communication, and/or control (e.g. neuroprostheses, medical robots, wheelchairs, whole integrated environments) without any movement. BCIs are regarded as novel solutions offering another breakthrough in everyday life, care, therapy, and rehabilitation in patients with severe sensory and neuropsychological deficits. However, particular issues in the area of BCIs use in elderly people should be emphasized, including influence of neurodegenerative disorders accompanied with secondary changes resulting from other medical problems (e.g. heart diseases, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and osteoporosis), co-occurence of various drug therapies, etc. This chapter investigates the extent to which the available opportunities are being exploited, including both chances and limitations, medical, technical, psychological, societal, ethical, and legal issues.

Chances for and Limitations of Brain-Computer Interface use in Elderly People

2015 ◽  
pp. 1723-1734
Author(s):  
Emilia Mikołajewska ◽  
Dariusz Mikołajewski ◽  
Tomasz Komendziński ◽  
Joanna Dreszer-Drogorób ◽  
Monika Lewandowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elderly People ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Medical Problems ◽  
Computer Interfaces ◽  
Ethical And Legal Issues ◽  
Control Devices ◽  
And Control

Recent demographic prognoses show tendencies toward a significant increase in the number of elderly people, especially in developed countries. This makes geriatric therapy, rehabilitation, and care difficult, especially with maintaining as long as possible the highest quality of life and independence in activities of daily living. Lack of specialized personnel and financial shortages may cause increased application of Assistive Technology (AT) and associated control devices. The most advanced current devices for diagnosis, communication, and control purposes are perceived Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs). BCIs use brain-derived bioelectrical signals as an input to enable diagnosis, communication, and/or control (e.g. neuroprostheses, medical robots, wheelchairs, whole integrated environments) without any movement. BCIs are regarded as novel solutions offering another breakthrough in everyday life, care, therapy, and rehabilitation in patients with severe sensory and neuropsychological deficits. However, particular issues in the area of BCIs use in elderly people should be emphasized, including influence of neurodegenerative disorders accompanied with secondary changes resulting from other medical problems (e.g. heart diseases, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and osteoporosis), co-occurence of various drug therapies, etc. This chapter investigates the extent to which the available opportunities are being exploited, including both chances and limitations, medical, technical, psychological, societal, ethical, and legal issues.

scholarly journals Ethical and Legal Issues in Medical Tourism

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanis Wahed
Keyword(s):  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Medical Tourism ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
The Future ◽  
Ethical And Legal Issues

In these days, millions of people, especially from developed countries, are travelling to other countries for medical treatment. This development is called ‘medical tourism’. Medical tourism is one of the lucrative industries that has expanded rapidly worldwide, including Malaysia. The development is due to factors such as seeking quality medical treatment at lower costs.  However, there are certain ethical and legal issues arising from the development of the industry.  These issues should be addressed because it may affect the development of medical tourism in the future.  Lack of legal recourse and lack of regulation are some examples of legal issues that are discussed in this paper.  The ethical issues include the quality of care for treatment provided by medical providers, lack of follow-up care for patients at their home countries, access to care for the local people at destination countries and the issue that arises from the treatment that is illegal in patients’ home countries.   The objective of this article is to examine these ethical and legal issues in order to assist the growth of the industry and the country’s economy in the future. This research is based on analysis of primary and secondary sources such as legislation, textbooks, and journal articles that relates to the medical tourism and issues arising from its development. The article concludes that these ethical and legal issues can be resolved by having a uniform medical tourism regulation. 

Neuroethics and Implanted Brain Machine Interfaces

2013 ◽  
pp. 351-365
Author(s):  
Ellen M. McGee
Keyword(s):  
Legal Issues ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Brain Machine Interfaces ◽  
Computer Interfaces ◽  
Scientific Organizations ◽  
Human Ability ◽  
Ethical And Legal Issues ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Radical Enhancement

Transformations of humans through advances in bioelectronics, nanotechnologies, and computer science are leading to hybrids of humans and machines. Future brain-machine interfaces will enable humans not only to be constantly linked to the Internet, and to cyber think, but will also enable technology to take information directly from the brain. Brain-computer interfaces, where a chip is implanted in the brain, will facilitate a tremendous augmentation of human capacities, including the radical enhancement of the human ability to remember and to reason, and to achieve immortality through cloning and brain downloading, or existence in virtual reality. The ethical and legal issues raised by these possibilities represent global challenges. The most pressing concerns are those raised by privacy and autonomy. The potential exists for control of persons, through global tracking, by actually “seeing” and “hearing” what the individual is experiencing, and by controlling and directing an individual’s thoughts, emotions, moods, and motivations. Public dialogue must be initiated. New principles, agencies, and regulations need to be formulated and scientific organizations, states, countries, and the United Nations must all be involved.

Order and control of emissions of the fulfilled gases of diesels at the new level

2020 ◽  
pp. 10-15
Author(s):  
V. A. Kazakova ◽  
V. A. Shinkevich ◽  
E. M. Filippova ◽  
I. B. Ivleva
Keyword(s):  
Engine Oil ◽  
Bench Tests ◽  
Monitoring Procedure ◽  
Control Devices ◽  
Harmful Substances ◽  
Farm Vehicles ◽  
And Control ◽  
Emissions Of Harmful Substances ◽  
Air Exchange

The standard of the organization directed on increase of efficiency and quality of monitoring procedure of emissions of harmful substances of the fulfilled gases of diesels of the capital repaired tractors and self-propelled farm vehicles which are in operation, intended for work and working in the conditions of unlimited and limited air exchange is developed — and establishes norms of emissions of harmful substances with the fulfilled gases, means of their definition, at control and bench tests of tractors and the agricultural cars. Technical characteristics of the fuel and engine oil intended for test of the diesel are defined. Modern control devices are optimized and techniques of tool control of the maintenance of CO, CH and NOx in the fulfilled gases of diesels of page are the agricultural cars.

Order and control of emissions of the fulfilled gases of diesels at the new level

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
V. A. Kazakova ◽  
V. A. Shinkevich ◽  
E. M. Filippova ◽  
I. B. Ivleva
Keyword(s):  
Engine Oil ◽  
Bench Tests ◽  
Monitoring Procedure ◽  
Control Devices ◽  
Harmful Substances ◽  
Farm Vehicles ◽  
And Control ◽  
Emissions Of Harmful Substances ◽  
Air Exchange

The standard of the organization directed on increase of efficiency and quality of monitoring procedure of emissions of harmful substances of the fulfilled gases of diesels of the capital repaired tractors and self-propelled farm vehicles which are in operation, intended for work and working in the conditions of unlimited and limited air exchange is developed and establishes norms of emissions of harmful substances with the fulfilled gases, means of their definition, at control and bench tests of tractors and the agricultural cars. Technical characteristics of the fuel and engine oil intended for test of the diesel are defined. Modern control devices are optimized and techniques of tool control of the maintenance of CO, CH and NOx in the fulfilled gases of diesels of page are the agricultural cars.

Conceptual Design of a Mechatronic System for Supporting Basic Quality of Life of Bedridden Elderly People

2014 ◽  
Vol 658 ◽  
pp. 483-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Silva ◽  
José Machado ◽  
Vitor Carvalho ◽  
Filomena Soares ◽  
Demétrio Matos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Conceptual Design ◽  
Assisted Living ◽  
Ambient Assisted Living ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Mechatronic System ◽  
Aged People ◽  
Rehabilitation Centers

Ambient Assisted Living is an important subject to be explored and developed, especially in developed countries, due to the increasing number of aged people. In this context the development of mechatronic support systems for bedridden elderly people (BEP) living in their homes is essential in order to support independence, autonomy and improve their quality of life. Some basic tasks as eating, taking a bath and/or hygiene cares become difficult to execute, regarding that often the main caregiver is the other element of the aged couple (husband or wife). This paper presents the conceptual design of a mechanical system especially devoted to assist the caregiver in the handling and repositioning of the BEP. Issues as reducing the number of caregivers, to only one, and reducing the system's handling complexity (because most of the time it will be used by an aged person) are considered. The expertise obtained from the visits to rehabilitation centers and hospitals, and from working meetings, are considered in the development of the proposed mechatronic system.

scholarly journals From a biological template model to gait assistance with an exosuit

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vahid Firouzi ◽  
Ayoob Davoodi ◽  
Fariba Bahrami ◽  
Maziar A. Sharbafi
Keyword(s):  
Elderly People ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Metabolic Cost ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Assistive Devices ◽  
Assistive Device ◽  
Control Approach ◽  
And Control

AbstractBy invention of soft wearable assistive devices, known as exosuits, a new aspect in assisting unimpaired subjects is introduced. In this study, we designed and developed an exosuit with compliant biarticular thigh actuators, called BAExo. Unlike common method of using rigid actuators in exosuits, the BAExo is made of serial elastic actuators (SEA) resembling artificial muscles (AM). This bioinsipred design is complemented by the novel control concept of using the ground reaction force to adjust these AMs’ stiffness in the stance phase. By locking the motors in the swing phase the SEAs will be simplified to passive biarticular springs, which is sufficient for leg swinging. The key concept in our design and control approach is synthesizing human locomotion to develop assistive device, instead of copying the outputs of human motor control. Analysing human walking assistance using an experiment-based OpenSim model demonstrates the advantages of the proposed design and control of BAExo, regarding metabolic cost reduction and efficiency of the system. In addition, pilot experiments with the recently developed BAExo hardware support the applicability of the introduced method.Author summaryAging and mobility of elderly people are of crucial concern in developed countries. The U.S. Census Bureau reports that by the middle of the 21st century, about 80 million Americans will be 65 or older. According to the group’s research, medical costs resulting from falls by the elderly are expected to approach $32.4 billion by 2020. Therefore, assistance of elderly people and making the assistive devices more intelligent is a need in near future. However, this is not the only application of assistive devices. Exosuits, as soft wearable robots, introduced a new aspect in assisting a large range of population, even healthy young people. We introduce a novel design and control method for a new exosuit. As the research in the field of wearable assistive devices is growing in recent years and its application in daily life becomes more evident for the society, such studies with a unique view in design and control could have a significant impact. Our proposed biologically inspired approach could be potentially applied to other exosuits.

scholarly journals Ethical and Legal Issues in Infectious Disease Research and Control

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 534-534
Author(s):  
Christine Grady ◽  
Gita Ramjee ◽  
Jean Pape ◽  
Karen Hofman ◽  
Majorie Speers
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Disease Research ◽  
Infectious Disease Research ◽  
Ethical And Legal Issues ◽  
And Control

A systematic review of ethical and legal issues in elder care

2020 ◽  
pp. 096973302092148
Author(s):  
Nertila Podgorica ◽  
Magdalena Flatscher-Thöni ◽  
Daniela Deufert ◽  
Uwe Siebert ◽  
Michael Ganner
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Geriatric Care ◽  
Further Education ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Old Patients ◽  
Ethical And Legal Issues

Background: Ethical and legal issues are increasingly being reported by health caregivers; however, little is known about the nature of these issues in geriatric care. These issues can improve work and care conditions in healthcare, and consequently, the health and welfare of older people. Aim: This literature review aims to identify research focusing on ethical and legal issues in geriatric care, in order to give nurses and other health care workers an overview of existing grievances and possible solutions to take care of old patients in a both ethical and legally correct way. Methods: Using a systematic approach based on Aveyard, a search of the PubMed, CINAHL, and Ethicshare databases was conducted to find out the articles published on ethical and legal issues in geriatric care. Ethical considerations: The approval for the study was obtained from UMIT-The Health and Life Sciences University, Austria. Results: Only 50 articles were included for systematic analysis reporting ethical and legal issues in the geriatric care. The results presented in this article showed that the main ethical issues were related to the older people’s autonomy, respect for their needs, wishes and values, and respect for their decision-making. The main legal issues were related to patients’ rights, advance directives, elderly rights, treatment nutrition dilemma, and autonomy. Conclusion: Further education for professional caregivers, elderly people, and their families is needed on following topics: care planning, directive and living wills, and caregiver-family member relationships to guide and support the elderly people within their decision-making processes and during the end-of-life care.

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