scholarly journals Ethical and Legal Issues in Medical Tourism

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanis Wahed
Keyword(s):  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Medical Tourism ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
The Future ◽  
Ethical And Legal Issues

In these days, millions of people, especially from developed countries, are travelling to other countries for medical treatment. This development is called ‘medical tourism’. Medical tourism is one of the lucrative industries that has expanded rapidly worldwide, including Malaysia. The development is due to factors such as seeking quality medical treatment at lower costs.  However, there are certain ethical and legal issues arising from the development of the industry.  These issues should be addressed because it may affect the development of medical tourism in the future.  Lack of legal recourse and lack of regulation are some examples of legal issues that are discussed in this paper.  The ethical issues include the quality of care for treatment provided by medical providers, lack of follow-up care for patients at their home countries, access to care for the local people at destination countries and the issue that arises from the treatment that is illegal in patients’ home countries.   The objective of this article is to examine these ethical and legal issues in order to assist the growth of the industry and the country’s economy in the future. This research is based on analysis of primary and secondary sources such as legislation, textbooks, and journal articles that relates to the medical tourism and issues arising from its development. The article concludes that these ethical and legal issues can be resolved by having a uniform medical tourism regulation. 

Chances for and Limitations of Brain-Computer Interface use in Elderly People

2015 ◽  
pp. 1723-1734
Author(s):  
Emilia Mikołajewska ◽  
Dariusz Mikołajewski ◽  
Tomasz Komendziński ◽  
Joanna Dreszer-Drogorób ◽  
Monika Lewandowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elderly People ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Medical Problems ◽  
Computer Interfaces ◽  
Ethical And Legal Issues ◽  
Control Devices ◽  
And Control

Recent demographic prognoses show tendencies toward a significant increase in the number of elderly people, especially in developed countries. This makes geriatric therapy, rehabilitation, and care difficult, especially with maintaining as long as possible the highest quality of life and independence in activities of daily living. Lack of specialized personnel and financial shortages may cause increased application of Assistive Technology (AT) and associated control devices. The most advanced current devices for diagnosis, communication, and control purposes are perceived Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs). BCIs use brain-derived bioelectrical signals as an input to enable diagnosis, communication, and/or control (e.g. neuroprostheses, medical robots, wheelchairs, whole integrated environments) without any movement. BCIs are regarded as novel solutions offering another breakthrough in everyday life, care, therapy, and rehabilitation in patients with severe sensory and neuropsychological deficits. However, particular issues in the area of BCIs use in elderly people should be emphasized, including influence of neurodegenerative disorders accompanied with secondary changes resulting from other medical problems (e.g. heart diseases, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and osteoporosis), co-occurence of various drug therapies, etc. This chapter investigates the extent to which the available opportunities are being exploited, including both chances and limitations, medical, technical, psychological, societal, ethical, and legal issues.

Chances for and Limitations of Brain-Computer Interface use in Elderly People

2014 ◽  
pp. 116-126
Author(s):  
Emilia Mikołajewska ◽  
Dariusz Mikołajewski ◽  
Tomasz Komendziński ◽  
Joanna Dreszer-Drogorób ◽  
Monika Lewandowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elderly People ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Medical Problems ◽  
Computer Interfaces ◽  
Ethical And Legal Issues ◽  
Control Devices ◽  
And Control

Recent demographic prognoses show tendencies toward a significant increase in the number of elderly people, especially in developed countries. This makes geriatric therapy, rehabilitation, and care difficult, especially with maintaining as long as possible the highest quality of life and independence in activities of daily living. Lack of specialized personnel and financial shortages may cause increased application of Assistive Technology (AT) and associated control devices. The most advanced current devices for diagnosis, communication, and control purposes are perceived Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs). BCIs use brain-derived bioelectrical signals as an input to enable diagnosis, communication, and/or control (e.g. neuroprostheses, medical robots, wheelchairs, whole integrated environments) without any movement. BCIs are regarded as novel solutions offering another breakthrough in everyday life, care, therapy, and rehabilitation in patients with severe sensory and neuropsychological deficits. However, particular issues in the area of BCIs use in elderly people should be emphasized, including influence of neurodegenerative disorders accompanied with secondary changes resulting from other medical problems (e.g. heart diseases, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and osteoporosis), co-occurence of various drug therapies, etc. This chapter investigates the extent to which the available opportunities are being exploited, including both chances and limitations, medical, technical, psychological, societal, ethical, and legal issues.

Medical Nomads

2017 ◽  
pp. 60-71
Author(s):  
Hitoshi Noguchi
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Medical Practice ◽  
Medical Tourism ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
The Future ◽  
On Line

Medical tourism is currently a catch-all phrase to describe any form of travel across borders for the purpose of receiving medical treatment. Up to this point in time, there have basically been only two kinds; patients from developing countries seeking advanced medical care unavailable in their homeland and patients from developed countries seeking lower prices or faster attention for their medical care. Although these two groups have been growing exponentially in recent years and pose substantial challenges on their own, little attention has been paid to a third arm of the medical tourism industry which potentially may have greater ramifications for the future. There is an emerging class of on-line entrepreneurs who may take advantage of their choice of lifestyle to enhance the range of choices in their medical treatment, and this group should be recognized. This chapter discusses the demands and challenges this new arm of medical tourism may pose for public policy, medical financing and medical practice.

Medical Nomads

2015 ◽  
pp. 110-121
Author(s):  
Hitoshi Noguchi
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Medical Practice ◽  
Medical Tourism ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
The Future ◽  
On Line

Medical tourism is currently a catch-all phrase to describe any form of travel across borders for the purpose of receiving medical treatment. Up to this point in time, there have basically been only two kinds; patients from developing countries seeking advanced medical care unavailable in their homeland and patients from developed countries seeking lower prices or faster attention for their medical care. Although these two groups have been growing exponentially in recent years and pose substantial challenges on their own, little attention has been paid to a third arm of the medical tourism industry which potentially may have greater ramifications for the future. There is an emerging class of on-line entrepreneurs who may take advantage of their choice of lifestyle to enhance the range of choices in their medical treatment, and this group should be recognized. This chapter discusses the demands and challenges this new arm of medical tourism may pose for public policy, medical financing and medical practice.

scholarly journals Ethical and Legal Challenges of Telemedicine in the Era of the COVID-19 Pandemic

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (12) ◽  
pp. 1314
Author(s):  
Renata Solimini ◽  
Francesco Paolo Busardò ◽  
Filippo Gibelli ◽  
Ascanio Sirignano ◽  
Giovanna Ricci
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Care ◽  
Data Protection ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Patient Privacy ◽  
Professional Liability ◽  
Mesh Terms ◽  
Ethical And Legal Issues

Background and objective: Telemedicine or telehealth services has been increasingly practiced in the recent years. During the COVID-19 pandemic, telemedicine turned into and indispensable service in order to avoid contagion between healthcare professionals and patients, involving a growing number of medical disciplines. Nevertheless, at present, several ethical and legal issues related to the practice of these services still remain unsolved and need adequate regulation. This narrative review will give a synthesis of the main ethical and legal issues of telemedicine practice during the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and Methods: A literature search was performed on PubMed using MeSH terms: Telemedicine (which includes Mobile Health or Health, Mobile, mHealth, Telehealth, and eHealth), Ethics, Legislation/Jurisprudence, and COVID-19. These terms were combined into a search string to better identify relevant articles published in the English language from March 2019 to September 2021. Results: Overall, 24 out of the initial 85 articles were considered eligible for this review. Legal and ethical issues concerned important aspects such as: informed consent (information about the risks and benefits of remote therapy) and autonomy (87%), patient privacy (78%) and confidentiality (57%), data protection and security (74%), malpractice and professional liability/integrity (70%), equity of access (30%), quality of care (30%), the professional–patient relationship (22%), and the principle of beneficence or being disposed to act for the benefit of others (13%). Conclusions: The ethical and legal issues related to the practice of telehealth or telemedicine services still need standard and specific rules of application in order to guarantee equitable access, quality of care, sustainable costs, professional liability, respect of patient privacy, data protection, and confidentiality. At present, telemedicine services could be only used as complementary or supplementary tools to the traditional healthcare services. Some indications for medical providers are suggested.

Infinite Needs–Finite Resources: The Future of Healthcare

1994 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-98
Author(s):  
Richard D. Lamm
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Competitive Performance ◽  
Service Workers ◽  
The World ◽  
Social Tensions ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Developed World

The single greatest challenge facing managers in the developed countries of the world is to raise the productivity of knowledge and service workers. This challenge, which will dominate the management agenda for the next several decades, will ultimately determine the competitive performance of companies. Even more important, it will determine the very fabric of society and the quality of life of every industrialized nation. … Unless this challenge is met, the developed world will face increasing social tensions, increasing polarization, increasing radicalization, possibly even class war.

Clinical Record Keeping

2013 ◽  
pp. 139-150
Author(s):  
Mary Alice Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Patient Information ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Clinical Record ◽  
Patient Centered ◽  
Record Keeping ◽  
Clinical Patient ◽  
Ethical And Legal Issues

Chapter 10 discusses only ethical issues related to the confidentiality of patient information that has been recorded, whether on paper or electronically. It examines the shift away from clinical (patient-centered) and ethical (patient-protective) considerations and toward a risk management (therapist-protective) focus, and that documentation serves many functions, but addresses only ethical and legal issues related to confidentiality, regardless of the function being served.

Ethical and Legal Issues in Teaching and Learning in Second Life in a Graduate Online Course

2010 ◽  
pp. 228-238
Author(s):  
R.S. Talab ◽  
Hope R. Botterbusch
Keyword(s):  
Second Life ◽  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Course Content ◽  
Teaching Platform ◽  
Legal Literature ◽  
Ethical And Legal Issues ◽  
The Many

As a growing number of faculty use SL as a teaching platform, outside of anecdotal articles and the legal literature, no research exists on the many legal and ethical issues that affect course development. Ethical issues include abuse (“griefing”) nudity and lewd behavior, and false/misleading identities. Legal issues include creation and use of copyrighted and trademarked items, faculty intellectual property rights in objects and course content, and criminal behavior. Following the experiences of the instructor and 5 students, their 12-week journey is documented through interviews, journals, weekly course activities, SL class dialogs, and in-world assignments. Additionally, 5 faculty and staff experts who teach or train in SL at this university were interviewed and consulted, as well. This study provides insight for designing courses that foster exploration of rich learning opportunities outside a traditional classroom-both real and virtual.

Psychosurgery

2002 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 443-448
Author(s):  
Marilyn Williams
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Procedures ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ethical And Legal Issues ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Brain

The use of surgical procedures to alter mental states raises many issues. Surgery on the brain has been known for thousands of years, but procedures developed in the 1930s, ‘40s and ‘50s, and the reasons for them, raised many ethical issues that remain with us today. The following article touches on the history of psychosurgery, the conditions treated, the literature on the subject, and the ethical and legal issues.

Quality of Life and its Determinants in Patients With Treated Acromegaly: A Cross-Sectional Nationwide Study in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 211-225
Author(s):  
Xiaopeng Guo ◽  
Kailu Wang ◽  
Siyue Yu ◽  
Lu Gao ◽  
Zihao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Somatostatin Analogs ◽  
Chinese Patients ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Biochemical Control ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Context Quality of life (QoL) continues to be impaired in acromegaly after treatment. Objective We conducted the first nationwide survey assessing QoL status among Chinese patients with treated acromegaly and explored correlations with clinical parameters, treatment modalities, and outcomes. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Survey via Chinese Association of Patients with Acromegaly (CAPA) online platform. Patients Treated patients from CAPA. Main Outcome Measures QoL was assessed using acromegaly QoL questionnaire (AcroQoL), 5-level EuroQoL five-dimensional questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L), and 12-item short-form health survey questionnaire (SF-12). Results Complete, valid questionnaires from 327 patients (mean age: 39.2 years, 61.5% females) at a mean of 10 years after treatment were included. Biochemical control was satisfied in 52.9% of these patients. The controlled patients had significantly better QoL than the uncontrolled patients in all AcroQoL dimensions, most SF-12 dimensions, and pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression dimensions of the EQ-5D-5L. Patients with either controlled or uncontrolled acromegaly had significantly worse QoL than the age- and sex-adjusted population reference in most SF-12 dimensions except for physical functioning. More acromegaly-associated symptoms and comorbidities at follow-up were independent risk factors for decreased QoL across all questionnaires. Medical treatment, especially with somatostatin analogs (SSAs), and radiotherapy were predictors of worse QoL. Female patients had lower scores of physical-related QoL than male patients. Conclusions Our study suggests that biochemical control improved but did not normalize QoL in acromegaly. Numbers of symptoms and comorbidities at follow-up, sex, radiotherapy, and medical treatment with SSAs were factors determining QoL of patients with treated acromegaly.

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