Linking Education to Creating a Knowledge Society

2014 ◽  
pp. 52-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan S. Weber
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Economy ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Knowledge Society ◽  
Capacity Development ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
High Price ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Boom And Bust ◽  
K 12 ◽  
Boom And Bust Cycles

Due to the continued high price of oil and gas, the oil-rich State of Qatar has used its large budget surpluses in the last decade to finance human capacity development, including research, higher education, and the reshaping of its K-12 educational system. This chapter argues that the recent substantial educational reforms in the State of Qatar are closely intertwined with planned future economic transformation (diversification). Although Qatar possesses the world's third largest reserves of natural gas, this resource is ultimately finite and over-reliance on one major economic driver (hydrocarbons) for the bulk of GDP creates boom and bust cycles that have shaped Gulf politics and social development since the 1970s. This chapter examines Qatar's educational efforts to build a knowledge economy to transition away from a resource-rich export-based hydrocarbon economy towards economic activities linked to patents, research, trademarked technologies, skills, and knowledge products.

Linking Education to Creating a Knowledge Society

2015 ◽  
pp. 818-839 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan S. Weber
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Economy ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Knowledge Society ◽  
Capacity Development ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
High Price ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Boom And Bust ◽  
K 12 ◽  
Boom And Bust Cycles

Due to the continued high price of oil and gas, the oil-rich State of Qatar has used its large budget surpluses in the last decade to finance human capacity development, including research, higher education, and the reshaping of its K-12 educational system. This chapter argues that the recent substantial educational reforms in the State of Qatar are closely intertwined with planned future economic transformation (diversification). Although Qatar possesses the world's third largest reserves of natural gas, this resource is ultimately finite and over-reliance on one major economic driver (hydrocarbons) for the bulk of GDP creates boom and bust cycles that have shaped Gulf politics and social development since the 1970s. This chapter examines Qatar's educational efforts to build a knowledge economy to transition away from a resource-rich export-based hydrocarbon economy towards economic activities linked to patents, research, trademarked technologies, skills, and knowledge products.

Creating Knowledge Society for Economic and Social Growth in Africa

2014 ◽  
pp. 135-154
Author(s):  
Nathaniel O. Agola
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Knowledge Society ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
High Wage ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Critical Determinant ◽  
Social Growth ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
The One

Knowledge use in socio-economic activities is a critical determinant of the divide between countries and regions into low-productivity-low-wage and labour intensive socio-economic activity countries on the one hand, and high-wage-high-productivity and technology abundant countries on the other hand. Therefore, it is indisputable that the creation of knowledge society is imperative for African countries. Economic transformation from low-productivity-low-wage and labour intensive socio-economic activity countries to high-wage-high-productivity and technology abundant countries predominantly define the socio-economic policy aspirations of most African countries. However, it has never been very clear what are the fundamental pillars that must be built and constantly reinforced by these countries to transition to knowledge society stage. This chapter first presents an empirical connection and contribution of knowledge to higher productivity in economic activities. The importance of infusion of knowledge into diverse economic activities to ensure higher levels of productivity both at micro and macro levels is therefore demonstrated through quantification attempts that include knowledge as one of the variables in Total Factor Productivity (TFP) equation. This empirical discussion serves to illuminate the place of knowledge in economic transformation. The second part of the chapter presents an incisive exposition of the critical ten pillars of knowledge creation, sharing, and usage that African countries can leverage to transition from economies defined by low productivity to higher levels of productivity. The chapter concludes that it is the improvement in the collective stock of knowledge of the African countries that would determine whether they could make a transition to a high productivity knowledge society.

Rents from Natural Resources and Relations to Knowledge Economy in Arab Countries

2014 ◽  
pp. 313-334
Author(s):  
Ahmed Driouchi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Knowledge Economy ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
New Economy ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Knowledge Development ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Development Path ◽  
The Creation

As some of the Arab countries are already facing the post-oil era in relation to the trends taking place in mining and in the oil and gas industries, with future possibilities of exhaustion of oil and gas reserves, diversification of economic activities has been emerging in some of these economies. However, the creation of new portfolios has not been expanded outside the traditional spectrum of economic activities. Besides that, governments and of public sovereign funds are still playing an important role both domestically and internationally, implying that rents from natural resources are still promising sources for economic development. This chapter addresses a series of issues related to how rents are driving the development path in relation to access of most world countries to the gains from the new economy. It also shows how knowledge variables have been related to the rents obtained from natural resources. Finally, the hypotheses in relation to natural resources as a curse to knowledge development are tested in the present chapter.

Main approaches to estimating the cost of shareholder equity of oil and gas producers

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 685-697
Author(s):  
O.V. Shimko
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil Prices ◽  
Minimum Cost ◽  
Free Cash Flow ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Oil And Gas Producers ◽  
The Cost

Subject. The study analyzes generally accepted approaches to assessing the value of companies on the basis of financial statement data of ExxonMobil, Chevron, ConocoPhillips, Occidental Petroleum, Devon Energy, Anadarko Petroleum, EOG Resources, Apache, Marathon Oil, Imperial Oil, Suncor Energy, Husky Energy, Canadian Natural Resources, Royal Dutch Shell, Gazprom, Rosneft, LUKOIL, and others, for 1999—2018. Objectives. The aim is to determine the specifics of using the methods of cost, DFC, and comparative approaches to assessing the value of share capital of oil and gas companies. Methods. The study employs methods of statistical analysis and generalization of materials of scientific articles and official annual reports on the results of financial and economic activities of the largest public oil and gas corporations. Results. Based on the results of a comprehensive analysis, I identified advantages and disadvantages of standard approaches to assessing the value of oil and gas producers. Conclusions. The paper describes pros and cons of the said approaches. For instance, the cost approach is acceptable for assessing the minimum cost of small companies in the industry. The DFC-based approach complicates the reliability of medium-term forecasts for oil prices due to fluctuations in oil prices inherent in the industry, on which the net profit and free cash flow of companies depend to a large extent. The comparative approach enables to quickly determine the range of possible value of the corporation based on transactions data and current market situation.

Malaysian Knowledge Society and the Global Knowledge Gap

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans-Dieter Evers
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Knowledge Economy ◽  
Knowledge Society ◽  
New Economy ◽  
Knowledge Development ◽  
Natural Phenomenon ◽  
Knowledge Gap ◽  
Global Knowledge ◽  
Industrialised Countries

Knowledge has been widely recognised as the most important factor of production in a "new economy". The production, dissemination and utilisation of knowledge are therefore essential for development. Some countries, Malaysia among others, have embarked on an ambitious plan to use knowledge as a base for economic development, by-passing earlier stages of industrialisation. Some commentators have, in contrast, asserted "that it is doubtful that the knowledge revolution will let developing countries leapfrog to higher levels of development" as "the knowledge economy will actually expand the gap between rich and poor" (Persaud, 2001:108). The paper discusses this controversy by arguing that the knowledge-gap (k-gap) is in fact a precondition for development. It is, however, no natural phenomenon but it is constructed by experts and governments. Socio-economic indicators are used to show that the existing global knowledge gap is widening between Southeast Asia and the OECD countries and within ASEAN. Malaysia, whose government has pursued a vigorous strategy of knowledge development is moving ahead of other ASEAN nations, but falling behind industrialised countries. Factors explaining the situation are outlined in this article.

China's Macroeconomy in Transition

1995 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 1083-1104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry Naughton
Keyword(s):  
Inflation Rate ◽  
Chinese Economy ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Soft Landing ◽  
Successive Cycle ◽  
Reform Era ◽  
Inflationary Phase ◽  
Boom And Bust ◽  
Boom And Bust Cycles ◽  
Austerity Policy

Is macroeconomic stability the Achilles heel of the Chinese economy? Recurrent bouts of inflationary disorder lead some observers to worry that the Chinese government is unable to control the economy. Macroeconomic difficulties show up in a pattern of repeated boom and bust cycles, in which each boom is accompanied by an acute inflationary phase and significant disruption. Moreover, since the reform era began, the peak annual inflation rate of each successive cycle has been higher than that of the preceding one. The most recent attempts to cool off the economy have only led to additional questions. An austerity policy was decreed at the end of June 1993, yet inflation actually accelerated in 1994, and it was not until mid-1995 that it dropped to the levels of mid-1993. The Chinese government was engaged in a quest for an economic “soft landing” for two years without a net reduction in the inflation rate!

Vertical Education Enhancement Approach to Meeting Emerging Skillset Needs in Oil and Gas Industry

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen U Egarievwe ◽  
Jamie A Johnson ◽  
Ezekiel O Agbalagba
Keyword(s):  
Lifelong Learning ◽  
Workforce Development ◽  
Continuous Improvement ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Emerging Technologies ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Underrepresented Minority ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
K 12 ◽  
Model Approach

Abstract Emerging technologies often bring new opportunities to enhance productivity and safety in the oil and gas industry. New technologies and opportunities often come with the challenges of workforce development to provide entry-level and current professionals with the necessary training and skillset. This paper presents a vertical education enhancement (VEE) model approach to providing emerging skillset needs in the oil and gas industry with emphases on curriculum continuous improvement and lifelong learning. The top new and emerging technologies that are critical to the future of the oil and gas industry in enhancing productivity and safety include Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence, big data analytics, cloud computing, and 3D modeling/visualization. As part of the solution to train the oil and gas industry workforce to meet the challenges of adopting these technologies, the VEE model features a vertical education structure that encompasses outreach to K-12 education, recruitment, tertiary education, professional training, and lifelong learning. It has an interwoven fundamental structure consisting of curriculum and mentorship, partnerships with stakeholders (industry, government, and community), and research and funding. The VEE model has periodic assessment continuous improvement processes for identifying emerging technologies and new skillset needed to improve the workforce. These processes are like those practiced by accreditation bodies such Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET), United Kingdom Accreditation Services (UKAS), and Offshore Petroleum Industry Training Organization (OPITO). Diversity to increase the participation of underrepresented minority groups and women in engineering would further increase the workforce. The novelty that the VEE model approach brings is the effectiveness in providing skillset training in new and emerging technologies for the oil and gas industry at all levels of workforce development. These include content infusion in existing courses, special-topic and specialized courses at senior and graduate levels, and professional development education and training through lifelong learning platforms.

scholarly journals The Changing Dynamics of Chinese Oil and Gas Engagements in Africa

2019 ◽  
pp. 173-191
Author(s):  
Cyril Obi
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Lessons Learnt ◽  
Oil Corporations ◽  
Changing Patterns ◽  
Chinese State

This chapter examines the changing patterns of Chinese state oil corporations’ engagements with African petro-states through investments in the upstream and downstream oil and gas sectors, and their potential for Africa’s development within the context of evolving China–Africa relations. It conceptually frames such relations, analyzes the contextual shifts and interests involved, and cautions against rather alarmist or biased readings of China–Africa relations that neglect or gloss over the ‘facts on the ground’ and specificities. It also unpacks the notion of African agency in the context of Africa–China economic relations, particularly in the ways Chinese state oil corporations operating in Africa’s oilfields—traditionally dominated by Western oil multinationals—have been exposed to opportunities, risks, structural challenges, and regulation by African petro-states. This provides a sound basis for understanding how lessons learnt and experiences on both sides define the place of China–Africa oil engagements as a key element for potential economic transformation.

scholarly journals New representations on oil and gas origin in connection with the opening of the phenomenon of reserves replenishment in exploited oil fields

Georesursy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 34-39
Author(s):  
Azariy A. Barenbaum
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil Fields ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Gas Formation ◽  
Long Time ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Origin Of Oil ◽  
Water Cycles

New ideas about the origin of oil and gas are discussed. They are caused by the discovery of the phenomenon of replenishment of oil and gas reserves in exploited fields. This phenomenon was discovered by the Russian geologists a quarter of a century ago, and a little later it was theoretically justified on the basis of the biosphere concept of oil and gas formation. As a result, the well-known «organic hypothesis» and «mineral hypothesis», which have long time competed in oil and gas geology are being replaced by new representations today, according to which oil and gas are the inexhaustible useful fossils of our planet. And their deposits are traps of movable carbon that circulates via the Earth’s surface in three main cycles with periods of ~108-109, ~106 -107 and ≈ 40 years. The 40-year carbon biosphere cycle, which was not previously taken into account at all, plays a main role in replenishment of deposits. Its accounting makes it possible to balance the carbon and water cycles in the biosphere, taking into account the economic activities of people and modern formation of oil and gas in the bowels, and also open up the possibility of exploiting deposits as constantly replenished sources of hydrocarbons.

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