The Caribbean Community

2014 ◽  
pp. 125-137
Author(s):  
Joan Marques
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Dark Clouds ◽  
Caribbean Community ◽  
Potential Partner ◽  
Global Player ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Caribbean

This chapter focuses on the Caribbean Community and Common Market (CARICOM), a cluster of 15 countries and islands in the Caribbean region that invest ongoing efforts to establish growth and increased well-being. CARICOM is facing its share of challenges, of which two important ones include a) economic relations and b) education. With their common history as former European colonies, the Caribbean nations have traditionally focused on the USA, Canada, and Europe as their main partners. Now that the global tide is turning, it becomes increasingly important for them to change course. China, as the major global player of our times, is therefore a potential partner that Caribbean nations increasingly embrace. Even so, the challenges of their small scale and their lack of trade complementarity remain dark clouds on the Caribbean horizon. In addition, the education system in many of the member nations needs urgent and radical reinvention. This chapter shines some light on these issues.

Sustainable cruise ship employment for the Caribbean region – a conceptual perspective

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheree-Ann Adams
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
Cruise Ships ◽  
Training Standards ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Cruise Lines

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the opportunities and approaches needed to ensure the long-term sustainability of cruise companies as a source of employment for Caribbean nationals. Design/methodology/approach The format is one of a concept paper and not a review of primary data collected, but based on the authors observations, industry knowledge and review of secondary literature available in the public domain. Findings Some recommendations are made as to the facilitation of this concept in sustainable cruise employment for the Caribbean region that will provide not only economic sustainability but also social benefits to the Caribbean region at large through poverty reduction through employment and global travel exposure. Practical implications The paper puts forth a proposal for a centralized organization representative of the multiple stakeholders within the Caribbean Cruise community: to manage and facilitate a fund to assist Caribbean nationals desirous of working on cruise ships and to meet the necessary standards of training not only in hospitality qualifications but also in basic training standards of safety, security and watch keeping for seafarers. Social implications The employment opportunities for Caribbean persons on cruise ships have not been fully exploited with the majority of Caribbean nationals working on cruise ships found predominately within the Royal Caribbean Cruise Lines, Celebrity Cruises, Norwegian Cruise Lines and Carnival Corporation brands based in the USA. Originality/value This paper provides readers with insight into the existing Caribbean employment and shipboard employment scenarios, with the view of presenting an option for stimulating and supporting sustainable employment on cruise ships for Caribbean nationals.

scholarly journals In search of reflective techniques in preservice teacher education: Collaboration with parents inspired by school placements

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-24
Author(s):  
ANNA BĄK-ŚREDNICKA
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Education ◽  
Academic Success ◽  
Prospective Teachers ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Whole Child ◽  
Early School ◽  
Efl Teachers ◽  
The Usa

This paper addresses a problem which has been central in teacher education for several decades: how to encourage critical reflectivity in prospective EFL1 teachers. This problem is set within the larger context of the field of school, family and community partnerships. The rationale behind choosing this context is that there is a gap between the significance of various types of such partnerships for the well-being of the whole child, and a lack of deeper understanding of the issue among prospective teachers. The overwhelming majority of research in the matter, conducted mainly in the USA, covers the areas of pre-school, early school and special education (e.g. Lindberg 2014). Additionally, there are few research-based articles related to building the partnership skills of preservice EFL teachers. Therefore, in this paper we attempt to describe the cases of three prospective EFL teachers involved in the process of preparing small scale empirical projects related to the parents’ perspectives. As shown in the paper, engagement in such long term and complex enterprises does not automatically develop the subjects’ deeper understanding of the important role of various types of parent involvement in the (academic) success of children.

0.5 Degree: A Turning point

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayaka Campbell ◽  
Michael Taylor ◽  
Arnoldo Bezanilla-Morlot ◽  
Tannecia Stephenson ◽  
Abel Centella-Artola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Turning Point ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Regional Variations ◽  
The North ◽  
Perturbed Physics Ensemble ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Physics Ensemble ◽  
Hadley Centre

<p>Although the Caribbean region is considered amongst the most vulnerable to the impacts of climate and climate change, there are very few regional studies or studies matching the regions small scale and size that evaluate or quantify the impacts of these future changes.  The absence becomes even more stark when the long-term temperature goals (LTTGs) of 1.5°C, 2.0°C and 2.5°C above pre-industrial warming levels are considered. By selecting, validating and downscaling a subset of the Hadley Centre’s 17-member Perturbed Physics Ensemble for the Quantifying Uncertainty in Model Predictions (QUMP) project, future changes for both the LTTGs as well as mid and end of century are evaluated, for the entire Caribbean and its six (6) sub-regional zones. Showing distinct and significant sub-regional variations, on average the Caribbean was found to be 2.1°C (>4°C) warmer and 40% (70%) drier by mid-century (end of century). Analysis of the LTTGS shows that the region surpasses lowest target, 1.5 °C, before the end of the 2020’s and experiences progressive warming that spread equatorward as successive thresholds are attained 2.0°C (2030’s) and 2.5°C (2050´s). The far western, the southern and the eastern Caribbean are found to be up to 50% drier at 1.5°C, with intensifications noted for changes at 2.0°C with a reversal of a wet tendency in the north and central Caribbean. The sub-regional variations that exist shows that although the Caribbean lags the globe in its attainment of the LTTGs some of its six subregions are more comparable to the global than the Caribbean mean with the transition from 1.5°C to 2.0°C seeming to represent a turning point for the Caribbean.</p>

scholarly journals HIV Infection in the Caribbean

1994 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
V W Wheeler ◽  
K W Radcliffe
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
Main Mode ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Mode Of Transmission

The Caribbean is a multi-ethnic region with many different cultural differences. The majority of the population is of African descent, but there are also other ethnic groups present such as Indians, Chinese, Syrians and Europeans. The Caribbean region is influenced by countries such as the USA, Great Britain, France and Holland. The countries of the Caribbean have a serious problem with HIV infection and AIDS. The epidemiology of HIV infection in this region, is different from most other parts of the world in that the mode of spread does not easily fit into any of the three WHO patterns. This review shows that the infection initially started in the homosexual/bisexual community, but since then, it has moved to the heterosexual population and this form of contact is now the main mode of transmission of the virus. The Governments of the Caribbean countries have realized the extent of the problem and have taken measures to try to control the epidemic.

scholarly journals El Restablecimiento de Relaciones Diplomáticas entre Cuba y Estados Unidos: posibilidades para el Caribe de la CARICOM

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Laguardia Martínez
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
Diplomatic Relations ◽  
Cuban American ◽  
Caribbean Community ◽  
News Reports ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
Academic Publications ◽  
The Caribbean

ResumenEl artículo examina las consecuencias que para los países del Caribe, en especial para los Estados Miembros de la Comunidad del Caribe (CARICOM), tendría el proceso de normalización de relaciones entre Cuba y los Estados Unidos iniciado el 17 de diciembre de 2014 (17D). Sin agotar todos los posibles argumentos y posibilidades, el artículo analiza algunas de las transformaciones ya producidas y sus efectos, así como también se aventura en los impactos que pueden esperarse de este proceso –aún muy reciente y de avance mesurado– para las economías del resto de la región Caribe, en especial del Caribe de la CARICOM.La investigación se basó esencialmente en la revisión bibliográfica –en su mayoría de prensa cubana, estadounidense y caribeña– para la consulta de reportes noticiosos y artículos de opinión. Se consideraron ponencias presentadas por estudiosos del tema en eventos científicos así como las discusiones producidas en estos espacios y, en menor medida, se acudió a la consulta de material académico publicado pues, dada la naturaleza del fenómeno que se analiza –aún en pleno desarrollo- los libros y artículos que evalúan los impactos del 17D más allá de lo que sucede en Cuba y los Estados Unidos son relativamente escasos. Nuestro estudio se benefició además de datos estadísticos publicados en medios cubanos y estadounidenses y en información facilitada por las Embajadas de Cuba radicadas en las dos economías líderes de la CARICOM: Jamaica y Trinidad y Tobago, principales socios comerciales de Cuba dentro del espacio CARICOM.Palabras clave: Cuba, Estados Unidos, Caribe, CARICOMO Restabelecimento das Relações Diplomáticas entre Cuba e Estados Unidos: possibilidades para o Caribe da CARICOMResumoO artigo examina as consequencias para os países do Caribe, em especial para os Estados Membros da Comunidade do Caribe (CARICOM), do processo de normalização das relações entre Cuba e os EUA, iniciado em 17 de dezembro de 2014. Sem esgotar todos os possíveis argumentos e possibilidades, o artigo analisa algumas das transformações já produzidas e seus efeitos, assim como se aventura nos impactos que podem ser esperados desse processo – ainda muito recente e de avanços comedidos – para as economias do resto da região do Caribe, em especial da CARICOM.A pesquisa se baseou essencialmente em revisão bibliográfica – em sua maioria da imprensa cubana, estadunidense e caribenha – para a consulta de reportagens e artigos de opinião. Foram consideradas apresentações de estudiosos do tema em eventos científicos assim como as discussões produzidas em estes espaços e, em menor medida, foi feita consulta de material acadêmico publicado, pois, dada a natureza do fenômeno – ainda em pleno desenvolvimento – os livros e artigos que avaliam os impactos do 17D são relativamente escassos. Nosso estudo se beneficiou dos dados estatísticos publicados nos meios cubanos e estadunidenses e em informação facilitada pelas Embaixadas de Cuba radicadas nas economias líderes da CARICOM: Jamaica e Trinidad y Tobago, principais sócios comerciais de Cuba dentro do espaço CARICOM.Palabras chave: Cuba, Estados Unidos, Caribe, CARICOMThe Re-establishment of Diplomatic Relations Between Cuba and the United States: possibilities for the states Caribbean of CARICOMAbstractThe paper examines the implications the process of normalization of relations between Cuba and the United States, initiated on December 17, 2014 (17D), would have for the Caribbean countries, especially for the members of the Caribbean Community (CARICOM). Without exhausting all possible arguments and possibilities, the paper discusses some of the changes and their effects, but also explores the expected impacts of this process on the economies of the rest of the Caribbean region, especially the Caribbean CARICOM.The research was based on literature review, taking into consideration mostly Cuban, American and Caribbean press for the consultation of news reports and articles.  The paper considered papers presented by scholars in scientific events as well as discussions produced in these spaces  and, to a lesser extent, consulted academic publications, because, given the nature of the phenomenon being analysed, books and papers assessing the impacts of 17D beyond what happens in Cuba and the United States are relatively rare. Our study also benefited from statistics published in Cuban and US media and information provided by the embassies of Cuba filed in the two leading economies of CARICOM: Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago, Cuba's main trading partners within the space of CARICOM.Keywords: Cuba, United States, Caribbean, CARICOM

scholarly journals Global Trends of Seroprevalence and Universal Screening Policy for Chagas Disease in Donors: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Yeon Hee Kim ◽  
Julia Ledien ◽  
Eliana Rodriguez-Monguí ◽  
Andy Dobson ◽  
María-Gloria Basáñez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Universal Screening ◽  
World Health ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
Seroprevalence Data ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Caribbean

AbstractBackgroundScreening for Trypanosoma cruzi among blood and organ donors is essential to reduce Chagas disease transmission. The World Health Organization (WHO) has prioritised curtailing transmission in blood banks (BBs) and transplantation centres (TCs) by 50% by 2025 and 100% by 2030. This study aims to update the situation on T. cruzi screening strategies in BBs and TCs to evaluate the evolution of seroprevalence and the achievement of screening milestones globally.MethodsWe used published articles and government reports on seroprevalence data and screening policies in BBs and TCs across the world. We conducted meta-analyses of T. cruzi seroprevalence estimates by who region, endemicity status, and country, and used meta-regression to identify the covariates influencing the estimates. Publication bias and sensitivity analyses were also conducted.ResultsBased on 99 studies and reports and found a global pattern of increased universal screening policies (USPs) in BBs from 1990 to 2018. We found information for 50 countries, of which 44 (88%) have implemented USPs and 21 (42%) achieved 100% coverage by 2015. Out of the 21 Chagas-disease endemic countries, 20 are in advanced USPS stages, and 18 achieved 100% coverage by 2015. Latin America (LA) was the first region to start USPS since the 1990s and 19 countries are in advanced stages of implementation and by 2015 there is evidence of 100% coverage in 15 LA countries. In the Caribbean Region, USPs are still in early implementation stages and by 2015 only five out of 24 countries have achieved 100% coverage. Outside Latin America and the Caribbean, there are USPs only in the USA, which initiated in 2007 and with 100% coverage in 2016. In Europe, there are no USPs, but some countries have implemented selective screening of at-risk donors in the UK, Spain, France and Switzerland. Whereas Sweden and Italy have implemented a deferral system. For TCs, national guidelines have been produced in some European countries since the 2000s; in the USA, USPs started since 2002, but 100% coverage is yet to be achieved. There is a global decrease in T. cruzi seroprevalence among blood donors from the 1970s to 2010s, particularly in endemic countries, where the T. cruzi pooled seroprevalence decreased from 2.42% (95% CI 0.75%-7.53%) in the 1970s to 0.38% (95% CI 0.30%-0.60%) in the 2010s. Seroprevalence in non-endemic countries has remained relatively stable between 1990s and 2010s around 0.01% (95% CI 0.01%-0.03%). Country and decade were identified as the two major predictors of seroprevalence in BBs. Data on TCs was scarce.InterpretationDespite global progress in T. cruzi screening policies, both USPs and 100% coverage are yet to be achieved. Seroprevalence in BBs have decreased in endemic countries, likely due to a combination of vector control, increased USPs and voluntary donation, and improved diagnosis. To achieve the proposed WHO goals by 2025 and 2030, USPs in TCs must become available in all endemic countries. In BBs, USPs should be a priority in the Caribbean region as well as non-endemic countries where migration from endemic countries is important.

scholarly journals Building resilience to mosquito-borne diseases in the Caribbean

PLoS Biology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. e3000791
Author(s):  
Rachel Lowe ◽  
Sadie J. Ryan ◽  
Roché Mahon ◽  
Cedric J. Van Meerbeeck ◽  
Adrian R. Trotman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Science ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Small Island ◽  
Biological Research ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
Climate Services ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Health And Well Being

Small island developing states in the Caribbean are among the most vulnerable countries on the planet to climate variability and climate change. In the last 3 decades, the Caribbean region has undergone frequent and intense heat waves, storms, floods, and droughts. This has had a detrimental impact on population health and well-being, including an increase in infectious disease outbreaks. Recent advances in climate science have enhanced our ability to anticipate hydrometeorological hazards and associated public health challenges. Here, we discuss progress towards bridging the gap between climate science and public health decision-making in the Caribbean to build health system resilience to extreme climatic events. We focus on the development of climate services to help manage mosquito-transmitted disease epidemics. There are numerous areas of ongoing biological research aimed at better understanding the direct and indirect impacts of climate change on the transmission of mosquito-borne diseases. Here, we emphasise additional factors that affect our ability to operationalise this biological understanding. We highlight a lack of financial resources, technical expertise, data sharing, and formalised partnerships between climate and health communities as major limiting factors to developing sustainable climate services for health. Recommendations include investing in integrated climate, health and mosquito surveillance systems, building regional and local human resource capacities, and designing national and regional cross-sectoral policies and national action plans. This will contribute towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and maximising regional development partnerships and co-benefits for improved health and well-being in the Caribbean.

How do Latin American migrants in the USA stand on schooling premium? What does it reveal about education quality in their home countries?

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 855-879
Author(s):  
Daniel Alonso-Soto ◽  
Hugo Nopo
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Education Quality ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Latin American Countries ◽  
Former Soviet Republics

Purpose Indicators for quality of schooling are not only relatively new in the world but also unavailable for a sizable share of the world’s population. In their absence, some proxy measures have been devised. One simple but powerful idea has been to use the schooling premium for migrant workers in the USA (Bratsberg and Terrell, 2002). The purpose of this paper is to extend this idea and compute measures for the schooling premium of immigrant workers in the USA over a span of five decades. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, the authors focus on the schooling premia for the Latin American and the Caribbean region and compare them to those of migrants from other regions, particularly from East Asia and Pacific, India, Northern Europe and Southern Europe, all relative to immigrants from former Soviet Republics. The available data allow us to measure such premia for workers who graduated from school, either at the secondary or tertiary levels, in their home countries between 1940 and 2010. Findings The results show that the schooling premia in Latin America have been steadily low throughout the whole period of analysis. The results stand after controlling for selective migration in different ways. This contradicts the popular belief in policy circles that the education quality of the region has deteriorated in recent years. In contrast, schooling premium in India shows an impressive improvement in recent decades, especially at the tertiary level. Originality/value In this paper, the authors extend the idea of computing schooling premium for migrant workers in the USA (Bratsberg and Terrell, 2002) and present comparative estimates of the evolution of schooling premia in 17 Latin American countries for both secondary and tertiary schooling levels.

scholarly journals Latin American regionalism and trade agreements with the European Union: experiences and approaches

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 413-425
Author(s):  
Violetta M. Tayar
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Latin American ◽  
The United States ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Interregional Trade ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Latin American Countries ◽  
The Eu

The article deals with the issues of trade cooperation between the European Union and Latin America and the Caribbean region (LAC). The characteristics of interregional trade are presented, and trade interaction between the EU and the subregional blocks of the LAC is analyzed. The author shows that Latin American regionalism predetermines the EU's approaches to trade and economic cooperation with LAC. Despite the fact that Latin American integration format differs from the European model, the EU countries manage to maintain trade and economic relations with subregional associations and particular Latin American countries, despite the growing competition in this region from the United States and China.

African Caribbean Residents of Edinburgh in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Williams
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
British Empire ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
African Caribbean ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Eighteenth And Nineteenth Centuries

Scotland is gradually coming to terms with its involvement in slavery and colonialism as part of the British Empire. This article places the spotlight on the lives of African Caribbean people who were residents of Edinburgh during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. I discuss their varied experiences and contributions: from runaways and men fighting for their freedom in the Scottish courts to women working as servants in city households or marrying into Edinburgh high society. The nineteenth century saw activism among political radicals from abolitionists to anticolonialists; some of these figures studied and taught at Edinburgh University. Their stories reflect the Scottish capital’s many direct connections with the Caribbean region.

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