Understanding Adolescent Offending

2015 ◽  
pp. 144-160
Author(s):  
Grace Skrzypiec ◽  
Laurence Owens
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Young People ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Perceived Control ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Subjective Norms ◽  
Moral Norms ◽  
Planned Behaviour ◽  
Adolescent Offending ◽  
Criminological Theories

The purpose of the research reported in this chapter is to provide a theoretically based model to inform educational interventions that aim to divert young people from criminal pathways. This chapter outlines the cross-disciplinary approach used to develop the Intention to Transgress (ITT) model, which draws from leading theories in the disciplines of social psychology and criminology. The framework of the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB, Ajzen & Fishbein, 2005) was used together with the motivators of crime identified from dominant criminological theories by Agnew (1995) to determine the antecedents of adolescents' intentions to engage in offending or transgressional behaviour. The ITT model, comprising four proximal antecedents of attitudes, subjective norms, perceived control, and negative affect, and two distal factors of moral norms and reputation enhancement, adds to the understanding of adolescent offending, although it remains to be empirically tested.

Exploring the intentional behaviour of refugees in participating in micro-enterprise support programmes (MESP): is theory of planned behaviour (TPB) still relevant?

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar Kachkar ◽  
Fares Djafri
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Control ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Theory Of Planned Behaviour ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Subjective Norms ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Planned Behaviour ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Low Profile ◽  
Support Programmes

Purpose This study aims to investigate the relevance of the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) in predicting the intentional behaviour of refugee entrepreneurs. This paper uses key components of the theory on attitude, subjective norms and perceived control to explore the willingness of refugees to participate in microenterprise support programmes (MESP) in refugee camps. Design/methodology/approach This study used a positivist research approach, comprising a quantitative basis of enquiry and gathered data via survey questionnaires. In total, 400 usable questionnaires were completed and used for analysis. This study uses descriptive and inferential analysis with SPSS and confirmatory factor analysis with AMOS to test three key TPB hypotheses. Findings The structured model revealed acceptable high goodness-of-fit indices. Also, the findings indicated that out of three hypotheses, two hypotheses (attitude and perceived control) were substantial, positive and significant. However, the relationship between subjective norms of refugees and their intention to participate in MESP was insignificant. The findings of this study indicate the low-profile refugees give to the views and opinions of the surrounding communities when it comes to determining their intentional behaviour. As such, some poignant implications may relate to microfinance and microcredit programmes targeting refugees. Practical implications The present study illustrates the interrelationships between the proposed variables. Also, by understanding the relationships between the selected variables, the findings would be useful for the concerned authorities to ameliorate and upgrade the well-being of refugees along with empowering their environment, which would facilitate their engagement in business and entrepreneurship. Originality/value This study explores the relevance of TPB and its components in the context of the intentional behaviour of refugee entrepreneurs. It further illuminates the distinction of refugee behaviour towards entrepreneurship and MESP.

Attitudes et perception de contrôle des personnes âgées envers la prise de médicaments à action anxiolytique, sédative et hypnotique (ASH)

2011 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-126
Author(s):  
Marilyn Guindon ◽  
Philippe Cappeliez
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Control ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Theory Of Planned Behaviour ◽  
Subjective Norms ◽  
Planned Behaviour ◽  
Favourable Attitude ◽  
Current Usage ◽  
Intention To Continue ◽  
Decisional Power

ABSTRACTThis study examines the importance of variables from the Theory of Planned Behaviour (i.e.,attitudes toward behaviour, subjective norms, and perceived control) for the prediction of consumption of anxiolytic and sedative-hypnotic (ASH) medications in a sample of older persons, aged 69 years on average, 62 consumers and 92 non-consumers. A favourable attitude toward ASH and a sense of having less control regarding these drugs predict both current usage and intention to continue. Perceived control predicts intention to start consumption of ASH in current non-consumers. This study underlines the importance of considering the role of the older person’s decisional power in the consumption of these medications.

Innovation-Driven Planned Behaviour Towards Achieving the Wellbeing of the Malaysian SMEs

2017 ◽  
pp. 280-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyedeh Khadijeh Taghizadeh ◽  
Syed Abidur Rahman ◽  
T. Ramayah
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Control ◽  
Theory Of Planned Behaviour ◽  
Subjective Wellbeing ◽  
Subjective Norms ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Planned Behaviour ◽  
Integrated Theory ◽  
Mind Set ◽  
Behavioural Aspects

Innovation requires an innovation mind-set derived from behavioural aspects of individuals. To realize such a notion, this paper introduces a framework and integrated theory of planned behaviour (TPB) in the line with the exploratory and exploitative innovations. Attitudes towards innovation, subjective norms for innovation and perceived control over innovation can influence on exploratory and exploitative innovations in SMEs. It is believed that through exploratory and exploitative innovations, entrepreneurs in SMEs may achieve subjective wellbeing. The approach of applying the TPB to exploratory and exploitative innovations will have few implications. First it allows SMEs to understand which factors are important in doing exploratory and exploitative innovations. Second, it will indicate that doing exploratory and exploitative innovations can bring the feeling of perceived wellbeing among entrepreneurs. Finally, the framework identifies a number of areas for future research that can verify the comprehensive understanding of successful innovations.

scholarly journals The theory of planned behaviour in exploring dietary diversity practices among mothers in informal settlements in Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (105) ◽  
pp. 19000-19015
Author(s):  
LJ Anyango ◽  
◽  
J Waswa ◽  
DO Okeyo ◽  
M Mugambi
Keyword(s):  
Health Professionals ◽  
Perceived Control ◽  
Theory Of Planned Behaviour ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Informal Settlements ◽  
Subjective Norms ◽  
Control Beliefs ◽  
Child Feeding ◽  
Planned Behaviour ◽  
Breast Milk Production

One of the leading causes of malnutrition, which contributes to morbidity and mortality in children, is lack of dietary diversity. Despite remarkable improvement in exclusive breastfeeding in Kenya, there are still poor dietary diversity practices among children aged 6-24 months. Limited studies have applied the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) to examine the factors that influence dietary diversity practices in informal settlements in Kenya. The objective of this qualitative study was to explore behavioral, normative, control beliefs, intention, and dietary diversity practices, based on the TPB. The study sites were Kibera in Nairobi, Manyatta A in Kisumu, and Kaptembwo in Nakuru. Participants were 64 mothers of children aged 6-24 months selected using purposive sampling. Nine focus groups, each comprising of 5-10 mothers were conducted and the data analyzed using thematic analysis. Using a focus group guide, based on the TPB, mothers described salient beliefs regarding their attitude, subjective norms and perceived control of dietary diversity. Analysis of the data showed that some mothers had intended to introduce solid foods at six months. However, barriers such as mother not feeding well, baby’s hunger, perceived insufficient breast milk production, and return to work led to earlier introduction of foods. Most mothers indicated their intention to give a variety of foods to their children but were hindered by barriers such as poverty/inadequate money, non-availability of food at home, and inadequate knowledge about complementary feeding. Friends, health professionals, fathers, neighbours and friends were cited as most salient referents that influenced the dietary diversity practices. The most frequently provided starchy foods were chappatis, mandazis, potatoes, rice, weetabix, porridge, and ugali. In conclusion, the results indicate that mothers had positive attitude towards dietary diversity. The ‘significant others’ who mostly influenced dietary diversity practices were health professionals, fathers, and friends. Future interventions need to target mothers' perceived child-feeding responsibilities, influence subjective norms, and increase parents' perceived control over child feeding.

Cognitive Consistency Theory in Social Psychology: A Paradigm Reconsidered

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arie W. Kruglanski ◽  
Katarzyna Jasko ◽  
Maxim Milyavsky ◽  
Marina Chernikova ◽  
David Webber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Affective Responses ◽  
Cognitive Consistency ◽  
Consistency Theory ◽  
Motivational Aspect ◽  
Human Need ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Epistemic Aspect

From the 1950s onward, psychologists have generally assumed that people possess a general need for cognitive consistency whose frustration by an inconsistency elicits negative affect. We offer a novel perspective on this issue by introducing the distinction between epistemic and motivational impact of consistent and inconsistent cognitions. The epistemic aspect is represented by the updated expectancy of the outcome addressed in such cognitions. The motivational aspect stems from value (desirability) of that outcome. We show that neither the outcome’s value nor its updated expectancy are systematically related to cognitive consistency or inconsistency. Consequently, we question consistency’s role in the driving of affective responses, and the related presumption of a universal human need for cognitive consistency.

Positive Masculinities and Gender-Based Violence Educational Interventions Among Young People: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 152483802110302
Author(s):  
Vanesa Pérez-Martínez ◽  
Jorge Marcos-Marcos ◽  
Ariadna Cerdán-Torregrosa ◽  
Erica Briones-Vozmediano ◽  
Belen Sanz-Barbero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Young People ◽  
Hegemonic Masculinity ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Evaluation Studies ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Transformative Approach

Background: Hegemonic masculinity has been recognized as contributing to the perpetration of different forms of gender-based violence (GBV). Abandoning hegemonic masculinities and promoting positive masculinities are both strategies used by interventions that foreground a “gender-transformative approach.” Preventing GBV among young people could be strengthened by engaging young men. In this article, we aim to systematically review the primary characteristics, methodological quality, and results of published evaluation studies of educational interventions that aim to prevent different forms of GBV through addressing hegemonic masculinities among young people. Main body: We conducted a systematic review of available literature (2008–2019) using Medline (PubMed), Scopus, Web of Science, PsycInfo, the CINAHL Complete Database, and ERIC as well as Google scholar. The Template for Intervention Description and Replication was used for data extraction, and the quality of the selected studies was analyzed using the Mixed Method Appraisal Tool. More than half of the studies were conducted in Africa ( n = 10/15) and many were randomized controlled trials ( n = 8/15). Most of the studies with quantitative and qualitative methodologies ( n = 12/15) reported a decrease in physical GBV and/or sexual violence perpetration/victimization ( n = 6/15). Longitudinal studies reported consistent results over time. Conclusions: Our results highlight the importance of using a gender-transformative approach in educational interventions to engage young people in critical thinking about hegemonic masculinity and to prevent GBV.

Drugs and the College Athlete: An Analysis of the Attitudes of Student Athletes at Risk

1997 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond Tricker ◽  
Declan Connolly
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Peer Influence ◽  
Perceived Control ◽  
Drug Testing ◽  
Student Athletes ◽  
Reasoned Action ◽  
Anabolic Steroids ◽  
Subjective Norms ◽  
College Athlete ◽  
Salient Beliefs

Theories related to planned behavior and reasoned action have included an individual's attitude as an important factor in the formation of behavioral intentions and behaviors [1, 2]. Research on this topic suggests that salient beliefs affect intentions and subsequent behaviors, either through attitudes or subjective norms, or the degree of (perceived) control that an individual feels he/she has over the behavior. This study was designed to examine the relative importance of selected attitude variables in describing a profile of athletes who were at risk for using anabolic steroids, human grown hormone, amphetamines, cocaine, and marijuana. Responses from 563 student athletes at two Division One NCAA universities were used in the study. The results of this study suggest that subjective norms, based on the influence of drug testing, peer influence, and a fear of detection are significant factors that influence the decisions of student athletes related to using banned substances. In this article characteristics of at-risk athletes are presented with recommendations for drug education programs for student athletes.

Education of the Digital Generation: Relying on Traditions and Taking into Account Modern Trends (on the Example of Russia and Kazakhstan)

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
A. Abylkasymova ◽  
Sergey Shishov ◽  
V. Kal'ney
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Vocational Education ◽  
Moral Norms ◽  
Moral Consciousness ◽  
Previous Period ◽  
Digital Society ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Older Adolescents ◽  
Modern System ◽  
Ethical Norms

The article presents the results of the analysis of the formation of moral norms in older adolescents in Russia and Kazakhstan. The authors posed the following questions: do the modern system of education in the digital society of Russia and Kazakhstan have prerequisites based on the historical traditions of our countries? What are the current trends in the modernization of the system of education in vocational education, characteristic of the digital society? Are there any justifications for the feasibility of forming a system of education of modern professional personnel for the digital economy based on the traditional principles of the system of education of professional personnel in Russia and Kazakhstan? It is shown that in adolescence it is a moral act that characterizes the formation of moral consciousness. The actions of a teenager are determined during this period by the recognition of responsibility, and not by the expectation of approval, which was typical for an earlier age period. Many adolescents have a high situational variability, adherence to diametrically opposite positions. Here is the violation of principles, and intolerance to the opinions of other people, and the demonstration of passivity in the violation of the rights of others, and the justification of immoral actions by profit. The authors proceed from the understanding that now teachers are educating those young people who have a completely different perception of reality, their thinking, moral norms, a new culture, and ways of communication. At the same time, no one removes from the modern teacher the task of transmitting to the young the existing moral and ethical norms that originate in the previous period of education.

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