Challenging Scientific Inertia in Fisheries Management

Author(s):  
Menakhem Ben-Yami

The chapter reviews and analyses the scientific inertia, prevailing in western fisheries management system, which affects some general assumptions: equilibrium in fishery ecosystems, large spawning stocks, which produces large new generations; and fishing activities as main and only factor, which have an impact on targeted stock size. Due to those subjective assumptions the author observes that the external environmental and social factors might be disregarded. It appear that the management applied only by systems output data – valid for all sorts of fishing systems – is taken as appropriate approach, which by any means appear to be a method that would not take into consideration many other issues in stock condition and sustainability. This system seems to be supported for years by the scientists, governmental institutions and the sector, in spite of the abundance of books, case studies and researches, published by independent experts, which are attempting to set real dimensions in the official fishery science and its consequent management.

1984 ◽  
Vol 41 (9) ◽  
pp. 1393-1406 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Healey

This paper reviews the origin and operational definition of the optimum yield (OY) concept and demonstrates how techniques of decision analysis can provide an analytical model for OY. The concept of OY was formalized as the guiding principle of fisheries management in the United States and Canada in 1976. The policies of both countries make it clear that a wide range of biological, economic, and social factors are to be taken into account in determining OY. Confusion exists, however, about precisely which of these factors should determine OY in any fishery and what is their relative importance. Uncertainty also exists about how to take biological, economic, and social factors jointly into account as the concept of OY implies one must. Established biological and economic models in fisheries are not adequate for such an analysis because their focus is single- rather than multi-objective. Operational techniques of decision analysis, such as multiattribute utility analysis, are specifically designed to deal with multiobjective problems like OY. I propose that a simple, linear, utility model be used to assess the optimality of alternative yield strategies in fisheries management. I illustrate the application of the model by assessing OY options in the New England herring (Clupea harengus) fishery and the Skeena River salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) fishery. The advantages of the model are that it is simple and intuitively appealing, that it permits a wide range of types and qualities of data to be incorporated into the evaluation of management options, that it is amenable to sensitivity analysis, and that it is adaptable to a variety of decision rules.


Author(s):  
Alex Ryan ◽  
Mark Leung

This paper introduces two novel applications of systemic design to facilitate a comparison of alternative methodologies that integrate systems thinking and design. In the first case study, systemic design helped the Procurement Department at the University of Toronto re-envision how public policy is implemented and how value is created in the broader university purchasing ecosystem. This resulted in an estimated $1.5 million in savings in the first year, and a rise in user retention rates from 40% to 99%. In the second case study, systemic design helped the clean energy and natural resources group within the Government of Alberta to design a more efficient and effective resource management system and shift the way that natural resource departments work together. This resulted in the formation of a standing systemic design team and contributed to the creation of an integrated resource management system. A comparative analysis of the two projects identifies a shared set of core principles for systemic design as well as areas of differentiation that reveal potential for learning across methodologies. Together, these case studies demonstrate the complementarity of systems thinking and design thinking, and show how they may be integrated to guide positive change within complex sociotechnical systems.


10.28945/3553 ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 001-025
Author(s):  
Grandon Gill

Grandon Gill, Professor and Academic Director of the Doctor of Business Administration program at the Muma College of Business (MCOB) of the University of South Florida, pondered the question. A few months before, he had volunteered to take on the creation of two open access journals, to be called the Muma Case Review (MCR) and the Muma Business Review (MBR). The first of these would publish business discussion case studies and technical notes intended for educational purposes and would exist entirely online. The second would publish research of interested to business practice and would initially publish online and would also provide printed volumes. Just a week before, Gill had committed to launching the MCR within two months. At the time, this deadline did not seem unreasonable. He already had sufficient case studies to provide a year’s worth of content. What he did not have, however, was a specific plan for delivering the content. Originally, he had planned to use the publishing component of the review system that would be handling submission and review of manuscripts. The MCOB’s dean, however, had indicated that he wanted a level of branding that could not be accommodated by the review system. Thus, a new solution to the reader-facing front end of the two journals was required. Gill’s instinctive reaction had been to propose a front-end solution that employed WordPressTM, a content management system that provided flexible functionality that could be adapted to a journal front end. According to the web survey group W3Techs, as of early 2015, nearly a quarter of the top 10 million websites in the world used WordPress. Gill, himself, had used it for years for his personal blog and was comfortable with its capabilities. As he thought about it further, however, Gill also recalled that his personal website had been taken down at least five times by anonymous hackers. In each case, WordPress had been identified as a likely source of the problem—although that had never actually been confirmed. His dean would not be pleased if similar disruption of the MCOB’s flagship journal websites took place. Should Gill be considering alternative solutions? And, even if he did choose WordPress or a similar content management system, there were many possible ways it could be deployed: as a service provider, as an application hosted in the cloud or on a local server. Each had its own pros and cons from a security standpoint. And the costs could be very different. This decision was proving to be far less straightforward than he had first thought.


2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 133-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Beausejour ◽  
A.V. Nguyen

This research presents one of the first comprehensive case studies of a small-scale wastewater management project in Vietnam. The research demonstrates how the community integrated a small-scale wastewater management system based on household participation and community management. It is argued that local resources of peri-urban and small towns could be used more efficiently to contribute to wastewater management in Vietnam if appropriate technologies are used and if their management and technical capacities are reinforced.


2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 333-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart Hanchet ◽  
Keith Sainsbury ◽  
Doug Butterworth ◽  
Chris Darby ◽  
Viacheslav Bizikov ◽  
...  

AbstractSeveral recent papers have criticized the scientific robustness of the fisheries management system used by the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR), including that for Ross Sea toothfish. Here we present a response from the wider CCAMLR community to address concerns and to correct some apparent misconceptions about how CCAMLR acts to promote conservation whilst allowing safe exploitation in all of its fisheries. A key aspect of CCAMLR’s approach is its adaptive feedback nature; regular monitoring and analysis allows for adjustments to be made, as necessary, to provide a robust management system despite the statistical uncertainties inherent in any single assessment. Within the Ross Sea, application of CCAMLR’s precautionary approach has allowed the toothfish fishery to develop in a steady fashion with an associated accumulation of data and greater scientific understanding. Regular stock assessments of the fishery have been carried out since 2005, and the 2013 stock assessment estimated current spawning stock biomass to be at 75% of the pre-exploitation level. There will always be additional uncertainties which need to be addressed, but where information is lacking the CCAMLR approach to management ensures exploitation rates are at a level commensurate with a precautionary approach.


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