scholarly journals Allocation Criteria for Increasing Electronic Toll Collection Gates on Freeways Determined Using Simulation Analysis

Author(s):  
Pin-Yi Tseng ◽  
Chiung-Wen Chang ◽  
Chi-Hung Wu ◽  
Wan-Hui Chen ◽  
Sheng-Hsiung Chang

In Taiwan, the electronic toll collection (ETC) system for freeway toll plazas that commenced operation in February 2006 will operate on all freeways by 2014. When the ETC system was first implemented, each toll plaza was allocated 1 small-vehicle ETC gate and 1 large-vehicle ETC gate. Determining how to allot the gates to ETC and manual toll collection when the number of ETC vehicles increases is crucial. By conducting a simulation using the toll plaza simulation model, the authors observed that 1 ETC gate for passenger cars had to be added to the small toll plaza when the traffic exceeded 1,450 vehicles/hr/gate. The medium and large toll plazas required 1 more ETC gate for passenger cars when the traffic exceeded 1,600 vehicles/hr/gate, whereas 1 non-ETC gate for passenger cars could be removed.

Author(s):  
Pin-Yi Tseng ◽  
Chiung-Wen Chang ◽  
Chi-Hung Wu ◽  
Wan-Hui Chen ◽  
Sheng-Hsiung Chang

In Taiwan, the electronic toll collection (ETC) system for freeway toll plazas that commenced operation in February 2006 will operate on all freeways by 2014. When the ETC system was first implemented, each toll plaza was allocated 1 small-vehicle ETC gate and 1 large-vehicle ETC gate. Determining how to allot the gates to ETC and manual toll collection when the number of ETC vehicles increases is crucial. By conducting a simulation using the toll plaza simulation model, the authors observed that 1 ETC gate for passenger cars had to be added to the small toll plaza when the traffic exceeded 1,450 vehicles/hr/gate. The medium and large toll plazas required 1 more ETC gate for passenger cars when the traffic exceeded 1,600 vehicles/hr/gate, whereas 1 non-ETC gate for passenger cars could be removed.


TRANSPORTES ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Rodrigues Obelheiro ◽  
Marcelo Leismann de Oliveira ◽  
Helena Beatriz Bettella Cybis

<p><strong>Resumo: </strong>Este trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar o impacto da composição do tráfego e das condições de cobrança na capacidade de praças de pedágio. As variações das condições de cobrança de pedágio avaliadas neste estudo incluem reduções nos tempos de atendimento nas cabines manuais, bem como os impactos decorrentes da adoção, e crescente adesão, dos usuários à cobrança eletrônica de pedágio. As informações sobre tempos de atendimento utilizados no estudo correspondem a dados reais coletados em praças de pedágio do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. As análises foram realizadas a partir da simulação de uma praça de pedágio através do software de microssimulação VISSIM. Os resultados evidenciaram e quantificaram o aumento de capacidade das praças associado ao treinamento de arrecadadores e à adoção de tarifas que facilitam o troco. Neste estudo melhorias associadas a estas medidas corresponderam a um aumento de até 19% na capacidade da praça. Melhorias bem mais significativas de desempenho, entretanto, podem ser atingidas com o aumento da adesão dos usuários ao sistema de cobrança eletrônica de pedágio.</p><p><strong>Abstract: </strong>This study aims to assess the impact of the composition of traffic and charging conditions on the capacity of toll plazas. The toll charging conditions evaluated in this study include the reductions in service times at manual toll booths, the introduction of electronic toll collection and the increase in electronic collection compliance rates. Service times adopted in this study correspond to data collected at toll plazas of the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Analyses presented in this paper are based on toll plaza simulations through the microsimulation software VISSIM. The simulation outcomes evidenced and quantified the capacity increase associated with collectors training and the adoption of fares that simplified the change. In this study, improvements associated with these measures corresponded to an increase of up to 19% of the plaza capacity. More significant improvements in performance, however, can be achieved by increasing the compliance of the electronic toll collection system.</p>


2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 2304 ◽  
Author(s):  
A E. Jehad ◽  
A Ismail ◽  
M N. Borhan ◽  
S Z. Ishak

Toll plazas are one of the critical components of a roadway system. At the same time, they are among the most complex road structures, as drivers are exposed to a large amount of information and have a short amount of time to make a decision to avoid any collision. VISSIM and SSAM are used to investigate the effect of various Malaysian toll plazas design and traffic conditions on drivers’ behaviour and level of safety. The study was made a well-calibrated and validated VISSIM simulation model and several scenarios were simulated to test their efficacy for improving toll plaza safety aspects by using SSAM afterwards. From the results it was observed that the VISSIM simulation model scenarios such as implementing booths orientation and segregating lanes for different vehicle types to improve the level of service have significant safety aspects improvement regarding conflict points and lane change accidents results while using Surrogate Safety As-sessment Model (SSAM) in order to give the need for remediation of either the roadway design or the flow-control strategy.  


2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet Currie ◽  
Reed Walker

We exploit the introduction of electronic toll collection, (E-ZPass), which greatly reduced both traffic congestion and vehicle emissions near highway toll plazas. We show that the introduction of E-ZPass reduced prematurity and low birth weight among mothers within 2 kilometers (km) of a toll plaza by 10.8 percent and 11.8 percent, respectively, relative to mothers 2–10 km from a toll plaza. There were no immediate changes in the characteristics of mothers or in housing prices near toll plazas that could explain these changes. The results are robust to many changes in specification and suggest that traffic congestion contributes significantly to poor health among infants. (JEL I12, J13, Q51, Q53, R41)


Author(s):  
Haitham M. Al-Deek ◽  
Ayman A. Mohamed ◽  
Essam A. Radwan

Traffic simulation models are used to enhance planning, design, operation, and management of transportation facilities. A discrete-event stochastic object-oriented microscopic simulation model is presented that was specifically developed to evaluate the operational performance of toll plazas. Traffic behavior is represented using a set of mathematical and logic algorithms that control the conflicts among vehicles within the toll plaza area. Modified versions of car-following and lane-changing algorithms and a new toll-lane selection algorithm are integrated into this new model to simulate traffic operation at toll plazas. The model output includes measures of effectiveness (MOEs) that can be used to evaluate the performance of existing and future individual toll lanes and the entire toll plaza system. Real-world data collected at the busiest toll plaza in the Orlando–Orange County Expressway Authority system were used to validate the developed model. Statistical tests indicate that there is no significant difference at the 95 percent confidence level between MOEs obtained from the model and those collected in the real world. Sensitivity analysis of market penetration of the electronic toll collection (ETC) system indicates that an increase in ETC subscription rate improves the efficiency of toll plaza operation. The benefits of ETC depend on the specific plaza configuration. One of the most interesting results of this study is that for all plaza configurations simulated with manual payment lanes operating over capacity, total plaza delay can be reduced by half if only 10 percent of the users switch from manual payment lanes to ETC lanes.


Author(s):  
Jack Klodzinski ◽  
Haitham M. Al-Deek

A proposed macroscopic methodology for measuring the level of service (LOS) of toll plazas has been developed using delay as the measure of effectiveness (MOE). On the basis of field research and data analyses, the 85th percentile of the cumulative individual vehicular delay was found to be the most comprehensive measure for evaluating the LOS at a toll plaza. Other MOEs were examined but found to be less flexible with different plaza configurations and lane payment types. More than 55,000 individual vehicular records from three mainline toll plazas in Orlando, Florida, representing eight different plaza configurations with varied percentages of electronic toll collection (ETC) usage were used to validate the methodology. TPSIM, a toll plaza simulation model, was used to produce an additional 49 scenarios representing the three plazas with varied percentages of ETC usage and 21 additional plaza configurations. Service time was examined to determine the level at which a driver begins to feel discomfort and inconvenience at a toll plaza. An LOS hierarchy was established based on the conclusions of this analysis, feedback from professionals, and reference to the Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) 2000. The 85th delay percentile graphs from each of the plaza analysis results for LOS values were also observed to be similar.


Author(s):  
Fahmida Hoque Khan

Electronic Toll Collection (ETC) system using radio frequency identification (RFID) is a digital technology that allows vehicles to pass through the toll plaza without stopping for toll payment. The most notable advantage of this technology is that it eliminates congestion near the toll booths. Toll operators could also be benefitted from the implementation of ETC. In this study, problems and prospects of introducing ETC in Bangladesh have been assessed with the help of the Questionnaire Survey and Key Informant Interview. A total of nine samples were surveyed. It was revealed from the study that there are both problems and prospects of introducing ETC in Bangladesh. Seventy percent of respondents know about the launching of ETC in Bangladesh. The respondents stalwartly perceive that ETC would help ease traffic jams created by long queues in the manual payment of toll. There are many challenges in introducing ETC in Bangladesh. As this is a new technology, it would take time to overcome the difficulties. Efforts from all corners can move the ETC forward and make excellent use of the modern and digital technology in the payment of toll in line with the viewpoint of Digital Bangladesh. Keywords: Electronic toll collection (ETC), radio frequency identification (RFID), toll plaza, questionnaire survey, key informant interview


Author(s):  
Santhosh Prabhu K. ◽  
Sambath Kumar A. ◽  
Kumar A.

Typical methods for collecting tolls are manual collection, automatic toll collection via coin machines and Electronic Toll collection System. The existing toll collection system all over India is operated manually. A toll system is the place where toll is paid for passage of a vehicle from the toll plaza. In the existing toll collection system there are limitations like mismanagement of time, long queue for the payment. The aim of the project is to implement toll collection system using RFID technology to overcome demerits of existing toll system. This paper mainly focused on how the electronic toll collection system reduces manual work load using RFID technology. Ultimately, this system reduces environment pollution due to the burning of fuel as well as reduces the waiting time of users in toll queue. User can access the toll collection system webpage and may perform their money transaction from any location. Their transaction will reflect in the centralized database. Due to the use of online transaction, users do not need to carry cash with them and this leads to reduction of human error occurring at the toll booths. Also the police admin can add the theft car details and this tollgate system will block the vehicles which are added by police admin. The cloud data will gets encrypted and decrypted using AES algorithm.


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