scholarly journals Traffic Congestion and Infant Health: Evidence from E-ZPass

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet Currie ◽  
Reed Walker
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Vehicle Emissions ◽  
Infant Health ◽  
Housing Prices ◽  
Electronic Toll Collection ◽  
Toll Plazas ◽  
Toll Collection ◽  
Toll Plaza

We exploit the introduction of electronic toll collection, (E-ZPass), which greatly reduced both traffic congestion and vehicle emissions near highway toll plazas. We show that the introduction of E-ZPass reduced prematurity and low birth weight among mothers within 2 kilometers (km) of a toll plaza by 10.8 percent and 11.8 percent, respectively, relative to mothers 2–10 km from a toll plaza. There were no immediate changes in the characteristics of mothers or in housing prices near toll plazas that could explain these changes. The results are robust to many changes in specification and suggest that traffic congestion contributes significantly to poor health among infants. (JEL I12, J13, Q51, Q53, R41)

scholarly journals Avaliação da influência do tipo de cobrança e da composição do tráfego sobre o desempenho operacional de praças de pedágio

TRANSPORTES ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Rodrigues Obelheiro ◽  
Marcelo Leismann de Oliveira ◽  
Helena Beatriz Bettella Cybis
Keyword(s):  
Rio Grande ◽  
The State ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Collection System ◽  
Electronic Toll Collection ◽  
Toll Plazas ◽  
Service Times ◽  
Toll Collection ◽  
Toll Plaza ◽  
The Impact

<p><strong>Resumo: </strong>Este trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar o impacto da composição do tráfego e das condições de cobrança na capacidade de praças de pedágio. As variações das condições de cobrança de pedágio avaliadas neste estudo incluem reduções nos tempos de atendimento nas cabines manuais, bem como os impactos decorrentes da adoção, e crescente adesão, dos usuários à cobrança eletrônica de pedágio. As informações sobre tempos de atendimento utilizados no estudo correspondem a dados reais coletados em praças de pedágio do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. As análises foram realizadas a partir da simulação de uma praça de pedágio através do software de microssimulação VISSIM. Os resultados evidenciaram e quantificaram o aumento de capacidade das praças associado ao treinamento de arrecadadores e à adoção de tarifas que facilitam o troco. Neste estudo melhorias associadas a estas medidas corresponderam a um aumento de até 19% na capacidade da praça. Melhorias bem mais significativas de desempenho, entretanto, podem ser atingidas com o aumento da adesão dos usuários ao sistema de cobrança eletrônica de pedágio.</p><p><strong>Abstract: </strong>This study aims to assess the impact of the composition of traffic and charging conditions on the capacity of toll plazas. The toll charging conditions evaluated in this study include the reductions in service times at manual toll booths, the introduction of electronic toll collection and the increase in electronic collection compliance rates. Service times adopted in this study correspond to data collected at toll plazas of the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Analyses presented in this paper are based on toll plaza simulations through the microsimulation software VISSIM. The simulation outcomes evidenced and quantified the capacity increase associated with collectors training and the adoption of fares that simplified the change. In this study, improvements associated with these measures corresponded to an increase of up to 19% of the plaza capacity. More significant improvements in performance, however, can be achieved by increasing the compliance of the electronic toll collection system.</p>

scholarly journals Allocation Criteria for Increasing Electronic Toll Collection Gates on Freeways Determined Using Simulation Analysis

2016 ◽  
pp. 1541-1553
Author(s):  
Pin-Yi Tseng ◽  
Chiung-Wen Chang ◽  
Chi-Hung Wu ◽  
Wan-Hui Chen ◽  
Sheng-Hsiung Chang
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Electronic Toll Collection ◽  
Toll Plazas ◽  
Allocation Criteria ◽  
Toll Collection ◽  
Toll Plaza

In Taiwan, the electronic toll collection (ETC) system for freeway toll plazas that commenced operation in February 2006 will operate on all freeways by 2014. When the ETC system was first implemented, each toll plaza was allocated 1 small-vehicle ETC gate and 1 large-vehicle ETC gate. Determining how to allot the gates to ETC and manual toll collection when the number of ETC vehicles increases is crucial. By conducting a simulation using the toll plaza simulation model, the authors observed that 1 ETC gate for passenger cars had to be added to the small toll plaza when the traffic exceeded 1,450 vehicles/hr/gate. The medium and large toll plazas required 1 more ETC gate for passenger cars when the traffic exceeded 1,600 vehicles/hr/gate, whereas 1 non-ETC gate for passenger cars could be removed.

New Model for Evaluation of Traffic Operations at Electronic Toll Collection Plazas

2000 ◽  
Vol 1710 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haitham M. Al-Deek ◽  
Ayman A. Mohamed ◽  
Essam A. Radwan
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Discrete Event ◽  
Real World Data ◽  
Electronic Toll Collection ◽  
New Model ◽  
Toll Plazas ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Toll Collection ◽  
Toll Plaza

Traffic simulation models are used to enhance planning, design, operation, and management of transportation facilities. A discrete-event stochastic object-oriented microscopic simulation model is presented that was specifically developed to evaluate the operational performance of toll plazas. Traffic behavior is represented using a set of mathematical and logic algorithms that control the conflicts among vehicles within the toll plaza area. Modified versions of car-following and lane-changing algorithms and a new toll-lane selection algorithm are integrated into this new model to simulate traffic operation at toll plazas. The model output includes measures of effectiveness (MOEs) that can be used to evaluate the performance of existing and future individual toll lanes and the entire toll plaza system. Real-world data collected at the busiest toll plaza in the Orlando–Orange County Expressway Authority system were used to validate the developed model. Statistical tests indicate that there is no significant difference at the 95 percent confidence level between MOEs obtained from the model and those collected in the real world. Sensitivity analysis of market penetration of the electronic toll collection (ETC) system indicates that an increase in ETC subscription rate improves the efficiency of toll plaza operation. The benefits of ETC depend on the specific plaza configuration. One of the most interesting results of this study is that for all plaza configurations simulated with manual payment lanes operating over capacity, total plaza delay can be reduced by half if only 10 percent of the users switch from manual payment lanes to ETC lanes.

scholarly journals Toll Plazza Management System Using Text Detection and Text Recognization Techniques

2019 ◽  
pp. 101-109
Author(s):  
M. Sindhu ◽  
Keerthi Kavya ◽  
I. Jeya Sheela
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Management System ◽  
Design System ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Collection System ◽  
Electronic Toll Collection ◽  
Vehicle Owner ◽  
Toll Plazas ◽  
Toll Collection ◽  
The Government

In our day to day life, we pay certain amount of tax through toll plaza to the government. The toll gates are mostly found on national highways and bridges etc., and we pay standing over a queue in the form of cash, although, the mobility of vehicles gets interrupted by this method which takes longer travel time, more consumption of fuel and also pollution level get increased in that region, instead of that the method commonly used by industries and in advanced countries is the Electronic Toll Collection System. Electronic toll collection system is the technology that enables the automatic electronic toll collection from the prepaid account registered on the name of vehicle owner, determining whether the vehicle is registered or not and informs the toll authorities avoiding toll violations. Over last decades, electronic toll collection system has been implemented in real time. Toll Tax Management System is a web based application that can provide all the information related to toll plazas and the passenger checks in either online and pays the amount, then he/she will be provided by a receipt. With this receipt he/she can leave the toll booth without waiting for any verification call. The aim of our project is to design a system, which automatically identifies an approaching vehicles and record vehicles number and time. If the vehicle belongs to the authorized person, it automatically opens the toll gate and a predetermined amount is automatically deducted from its account. This translates to reduced Traffic congestion at toll plazas and helps in lower fuel consumption. This is very important advantage of this system. In this paper, we can design system to extract the license numbers from vehicle plate automatically using image processing techniques. And match with database automatically and generate the bill without any delay.

Allocation Criteria for Increasing Electronic Toll Collection Gates on Freeways Determined Using Simulation Analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-38
Author(s):  
Pin-Yi Tseng ◽  
Chiung-Wen Chang ◽  
Chi-Hung Wu ◽  
Wan-Hui Chen ◽  
Sheng-Hsiung Chang
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Electronic Toll Collection ◽  
Toll Plazas ◽  
Allocation Criteria ◽  
Toll Collection ◽  
Toll Plaza

In Taiwan, the electronic toll collection (ETC) system for freeway toll plazas that commenced operation in February 2006 will operate on all freeways by 2014. When the ETC system was first implemented, each toll plaza was allocated 1 small-vehicle ETC gate and 1 large-vehicle ETC gate. Determining how to allot the gates to ETC and manual toll collection when the number of ETC vehicles increases is crucial. By conducting a simulation using the toll plaza simulation model, the authors observed that 1 ETC gate for passenger cars had to be added to the small toll plaza when the traffic exceeded 1,450 vehicles/hr/gate. The medium and large toll plazas required 1 more ETC gate for passenger cars when the traffic exceeded 1,600 vehicles/hr/gate, whereas 1 non-ETC gate for passenger cars could be removed.

scholarly journals Electronic Toll Collection System based on Radio Frequency Identification System

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1602
Author(s):  
Raed Abdulla ◽  
Aden Abdillahi ◽  
Maythem K. Abbas
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Current System ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
System Throughput ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Collection System ◽  
Electronic Toll Collection ◽  
Check System ◽  
Toll Collection

This papaer entitled electronic toll collection system based on Radio Frequncy Identification System explained in detail based on current issue at toll collection system. There are some obstacles faced every day where the users spent their valuable time in queue at tollgate due to traffic congestion as well as using traditional manual method in most existing toll ETC system to collect toll from road users. Besides that, the barrier design where each vehicle stop waiting until barrier lift which consider source of time delay. To tackle stated problems, an electronic toll collection system is proposed which based on RFID technology. The integrated system consists of two main sections, electronic sides where all input data received from while database management office is where all necessary information stored. To compare the current ETC system, in this research elaborated internet of things where all data transmit through cloud and then to the main office in real time. Not only that, there is some enhancement based on barrier design where, gate is remained open for all vehicles with sufficient tags without requiring to stop to eliminate time delay.By check system throughput compare to existing toll systems, various tests have been carried out in different method where proposed system throughput much higher percentage the current system.

scholarly journals A Model Tree-Based Vehicle Emission Model at Freeway Toll Plazas

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 8959
Author(s):  
Yueru Xu ◽  
Chao Wang ◽  
Yuan Zheng ◽  
Zhuoqun Sun ◽  
Zhirui Ye
Keyword(s):  
Vehicle Emissions ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Mean Squared Error ◽  
Percentage Error ◽  
Vehicle Emission ◽  
Emission Model ◽  
Toll Plazas ◽  
Model Tree ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Toll Collection

With the increased concern over sustainable development, many efforts have been made to alleviate air quality deterioration. Freeway toll plazas can cause serious pollution, due to the increased emissions caused by stop-and-go operations. Different toll collections and different fuel types obviously influence the vehicle emissions at freeway toll plazas. Therefore, this paper proposes a model tree-based vehicle emission model by considering these factors. On-road emissions data and vehicle operation data were obtained from two different freeway toll plazas. The statistical analysis indicates that different methods of toll collection and fuel types have significant impacts on vehicle emissions at freeway toll plazas. The performance of the proposed model was compared with a polynomial regression method. Based on the results, the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), root mean squared error (RMSE), and mean absolute error (MAE) of the proposed model were all smaller, while the R-squared value increased from 0.714 to 0.833. Finally, the variations of vehicle emissions at different locations of freeway toll plazas were calculated and shown in heat maps. The results of this study can help better estimate the vehicle emissions and give advice to the development of electronic toll collection (ETC) lanes and relevant policies at freeway toll plazas.

Application of Queuing Theory to Address Traffic Problems at a Highway Toll Plaza

2014 ◽  
Vol 592-594 ◽  
pp. 2583-2587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dheeraj Duhan ◽  
Nishant Arya ◽  
Prateek Dhanda ◽  
Lalit Upadhayay ◽  
K. Mathiyazhagan
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Waiting Time ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Queuing Theory ◽  
Arrival Rate ◽  
North India ◽  
Service Rate ◽  
Operational Effectiveness ◽  
Toll Plazas ◽  
Toll Plaza

In India, due to the escalating traffic issues, a large number of highways have been built in the recent past, which are maintained by tax collection at toll plazas, by various operating agencies. Due to smooth and hassle free driving on highways, the arrival rate of vehicles at Toll Plazas increases. The arrival rate goes beyond control if the traffic on the highway increases in an uncontrolled manner, with the passage of time. Thus, one of the irrefutable drawbacks of putting up Toll Plazas, is the traffic congestion. The waiting time, in the service lanes, due to such a congestion becomes high and excruciating for the commuters on the route. The objective of this study is to analyze the current situation, of traffic congestion, at a highway toll plaza using queuing theory and suggest possible solutions to encourage greater efficiency, thus reducing waiting time of the customers and money wasted because of that. This study has been carried out in various phases, i.e. problem identification, data collection, data analysis and results at a selected Toll Plaza in North India. The data analysis in the study helps to find out the current operational effectiveness of the Toll Plaza through parameters like, Arrival Rate, Service Rate and Number of toll booths. Finally, possible solutions have been put forward which can be recommended and implemented on various Toll Plazas in the country.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document