New Model for Evaluation of Traffic Operations at Electronic Toll Collection Plazas

2000 ◽  
Vol 1710 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haitham M. Al-Deek ◽  
Ayman A. Mohamed ◽  
Essam A. Radwan
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Discrete Event ◽  
Real World Data ◽  
Electronic Toll Collection ◽  
New Model ◽  
Toll Plazas ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Toll Collection ◽  
Toll Plaza

Traffic simulation models are used to enhance planning, design, operation, and management of transportation facilities. A discrete-event stochastic object-oriented microscopic simulation model is presented that was specifically developed to evaluate the operational performance of toll plazas. Traffic behavior is represented using a set of mathematical and logic algorithms that control the conflicts among vehicles within the toll plaza area. Modified versions of car-following and lane-changing algorithms and a new toll-lane selection algorithm are integrated into this new model to simulate traffic operation at toll plazas. The model output includes measures of effectiveness (MOEs) that can be used to evaluate the performance of existing and future individual toll lanes and the entire toll plaza system. Real-world data collected at the busiest toll plaza in the Orlando–Orange County Expressway Authority system were used to validate the developed model. Statistical tests indicate that there is no significant difference at the 95 percent confidence level between MOEs obtained from the model and those collected in the real world. Sensitivity analysis of market penetration of the electronic toll collection (ETC) system indicates that an increase in ETC subscription rate improves the efficiency of toll plaza operation. The benefits of ETC depend on the specific plaza configuration. One of the most interesting results of this study is that for all plaza configurations simulated with manual payment lanes operating over capacity, total plaza delay can be reduced by half if only 10 percent of the users switch from manual payment lanes to ETC lanes.

scholarly journals Avaliação da influência do tipo de cobrança e da composição do tráfego sobre o desempenho operacional de praças de pedágio

TRANSPORTES ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Rodrigues Obelheiro ◽  
Marcelo Leismann de Oliveira ◽  
Helena Beatriz Bettella Cybis
Keyword(s):  
Rio Grande ◽  
The State ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Collection System ◽  
Electronic Toll Collection ◽  
Toll Plazas ◽  
Service Times ◽  
Toll Collection ◽  
Toll Plaza ◽  
The Impact

<p><strong>Resumo: </strong>Este trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar o impacto da composição do tráfego e das condições de cobrança na capacidade de praças de pedágio. As variações das condições de cobrança de pedágio avaliadas neste estudo incluem reduções nos tempos de atendimento nas cabines manuais, bem como os impactos decorrentes da adoção, e crescente adesão, dos usuários à cobrança eletrônica de pedágio. As informações sobre tempos de atendimento utilizados no estudo correspondem a dados reais coletados em praças de pedágio do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. As análises foram realizadas a partir da simulação de uma praça de pedágio através do software de microssimulação VISSIM. Os resultados evidenciaram e quantificaram o aumento de capacidade das praças associado ao treinamento de arrecadadores e à adoção de tarifas que facilitam o troco. Neste estudo melhorias associadas a estas medidas corresponderam a um aumento de até 19% na capacidade da praça. Melhorias bem mais significativas de desempenho, entretanto, podem ser atingidas com o aumento da adesão dos usuários ao sistema de cobrança eletrônica de pedágio.</p><p><strong>Abstract: </strong>This study aims to assess the impact of the composition of traffic and charging conditions on the capacity of toll plazas. The toll charging conditions evaluated in this study include the reductions in service times at manual toll booths, the introduction of electronic toll collection and the increase in electronic collection compliance rates. Service times adopted in this study correspond to data collected at toll plazas of the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Analyses presented in this paper are based on toll plaza simulations through the microsimulation software VISSIM. The simulation outcomes evidenced and quantified the capacity increase associated with collectors training and the adoption of fares that simplified the change. In this study, improvements associated with these measures corresponded to an increase of up to 19% of the plaza capacity. More significant improvements in performance, however, can be achieved by increasing the compliance of the electronic toll collection system.</p>

scholarly journals Allocation Criteria for Increasing Electronic Toll Collection Gates on Freeways Determined Using Simulation Analysis

2016 ◽  
pp. 1541-1553
Author(s):  
Pin-Yi Tseng ◽  
Chiung-Wen Chang ◽  
Chi-Hung Wu ◽  
Wan-Hui Chen ◽  
Sheng-Hsiung Chang
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Electronic Toll Collection ◽  
Toll Plazas ◽  
Allocation Criteria ◽  
Toll Collection ◽  
Toll Plaza

In Taiwan, the electronic toll collection (ETC) system for freeway toll plazas that commenced operation in February 2006 will operate on all freeways by 2014. When the ETC system was first implemented, each toll plaza was allocated 1 small-vehicle ETC gate and 1 large-vehicle ETC gate. Determining how to allot the gates to ETC and manual toll collection when the number of ETC vehicles increases is crucial. By conducting a simulation using the toll plaza simulation model, the authors observed that 1 ETC gate for passenger cars had to be added to the small toll plaza when the traffic exceeded 1,450 vehicles/hr/gate. The medium and large toll plazas required 1 more ETC gate for passenger cars when the traffic exceeded 1,600 vehicles/hr/gate, whereas 1 non-ETC gate for passenger cars could be removed.

scholarly journals Traffic Congestion and Infant Health: Evidence from E-ZPass

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet Currie ◽  
Reed Walker
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Vehicle Emissions ◽  
Infant Health ◽  
Housing Prices ◽  
Electronic Toll Collection ◽  
Toll Plazas ◽  
Toll Collection ◽  
Toll Plaza

We exploit the introduction of electronic toll collection, (E-ZPass), which greatly reduced both traffic congestion and vehicle emissions near highway toll plazas. We show that the introduction of E-ZPass reduced prematurity and low birth weight among mothers within 2 kilometers (km) of a toll plaza by 10.8 percent and 11.8 percent, respectively, relative to mothers 2–10 km from a toll plaza. There were no immediate changes in the characteristics of mothers or in housing prices near toll plazas that could explain these changes. The results are robust to many changes in specification and suggest that traffic congestion contributes significantly to poor health among infants. (JEL I12, J13, Q51, Q53, R41)

Allocation Criteria for Increasing Electronic Toll Collection Gates on Freeways Determined Using Simulation Analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-38
Author(s):  
Pin-Yi Tseng ◽  
Chiung-Wen Chang ◽  
Chi-Hung Wu ◽  
Wan-Hui Chen ◽  
Sheng-Hsiung Chang
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Electronic Toll Collection ◽  
Toll Plazas ◽  
Allocation Criteria ◽  
Toll Collection ◽  
Toll Plaza

In Taiwan, the electronic toll collection (ETC) system for freeway toll plazas that commenced operation in February 2006 will operate on all freeways by 2014. When the ETC system was first implemented, each toll plaza was allocated 1 small-vehicle ETC gate and 1 large-vehicle ETC gate. Determining how to allot the gates to ETC and manual toll collection when the number of ETC vehicles increases is crucial. By conducting a simulation using the toll plaza simulation model, the authors observed that 1 ETC gate for passenger cars had to be added to the small toll plaza when the traffic exceeded 1,450 vehicles/hr/gate. The medium and large toll plazas required 1 more ETC gate for passenger cars when the traffic exceeded 1,600 vehicles/hr/gate, whereas 1 non-ETC gate for passenger cars could be removed.

scholarly journals Comparison of Efficacy in Patients with Metastatic Melanoma Treated with Ipilimumab and Nivolumab Who Did or Did Not Discontinue Treatment Due to Immune-Related Adverse Events: A Real-World Data Study

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 5550
Author(s):  
Morten Fink ◽  
Anders Schwartz Vittrup ◽  
Lars Bastholt ◽  
Inge Marie Svane ◽  
Marco Donia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Metastatic Melanoma ◽  
Real World ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Induction Phase ◽  
Discontinue Treatment ◽  
Real World Data ◽  
World Data ◽  
Significant Difference

Immune-related adverse events (irAEs) are very prevalent when treating patients with ipilimumab and nivolumab in combination, and 30–40% of patients discontinue the treatment for this reason. It is of high clinical relevance to investigate the consequences of discontinuing the treatment early since combination therapy with ipilimumab and nivolumab is the first line of treatment for many patients with metastatic melanoma. In this follow-up study, with real-world data from the nationwide DAMMED database, we investigated whether there was a difference in progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) for patients who discontinued or did not discontinue treatment within the first four doses of treatment due to irAEs. In total, 448 patients were treated with ipilimumab and nivolumab. Of these, 133 patients discontinued due to irAEs in the induction phase. Using the Cox proportional hazards model, there was no significant difference in PFS when comparing the group that discontinued with the group that did not discontinue. The group that discontinued had a significantly longer OS than the group that received the full length of treatment. Therefore, we conclude that there is no significant negative impact on efficacy for patients who discontinue due to irAEs in the induction phase of combination immunotherapy for metastatic melanoma.

When will it be better? Lenvatinib combined with TACE for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: A retrospective analysis of real-world evidence in China.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 281-281
Author(s):  
Lan Zhang ◽  
Yanhong Wang ◽  
Ningling Ge ◽  
Yu-Hong Gan ◽  
ZhengGang Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Combination Treatment ◽  
Real World ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Objective Response ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Combination Group ◽  
Optimal Timing ◽  
Real World Data ◽  
Combination Strategy ◽  
Significant Difference

281 Background: TACE and lenvatinib has each shown to prolong overall survival in patients with unresectable HCC, combination of which may also improve clinical outcomes and have been widely used in the real world accordingly. However, the optimal timing of adding on lenvatinb to TACE remains unclear. We are aiming to evaluate the efficacy and safety between two combination strategies. Methods: From Nov 2018 to Jun 2020, 79 consecutive patients had received a combination treatment of lenvatinib and TACE. Patients followed up for more than 2 months were included in this analysis. They were classified as early-combination group(add on lenvatinib before or after the first TACE ) and late-combination group(add on lenvatinib after at least two procedures of TACE ). Tumor response and progression-free survival (PFS,time from the first day of prescribing lenvatinib to progression or death) were assessed according to RECIST1.1 criteria. Liver function were also evaluated at baseline and every 2 months later. AEs were recorded during the combination treatment period according to CTCAE 5.0. Results: A total of 48 u-HCC patients was finally enrolled. Median follow-up in all patients was 9.3(5.3-14.3)months. Patients’ baseline characteristics were similar in two groups. For early-combination group(n=22)and late-combination group(n=26), the mean age was 65±9.7 and 61±11.6years(p=0.2);BCLC stage C HCC was 59% and 54%(p=0.89);and Child-Pugh A proportion was 81.8% and 77%(p=0.73) respectively. The objective response rate(ORR) was 22.9% in total 48 cases. There was no significant difference in response rate (18.2% vs 26.9%, P=0.51) or disease control rate (90.9% vs 92.3%, P=1.00). Median PFS was significantly longer in the early-combination group than that in late-combination group (14.5 vs 8.9 months; p=0.048). The safety profile was similar between two groups. Grade 3/4 adverse events were 3 (13.6%) and 2 cases(7.7%) respectively (P=0.65). Conclusions: This is to date the first real-world data of the combination timing of lenvatinib with TACE in u-HCC patients. Early-combination strategy may be a better option for the u-HCC patients with a longer mPFS.

scholarly journals Electronic Toll Collection System in Bangladesh: Challenges and Prospects

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fahmida Hoque Khan
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Digital Technology ◽  
Questionnaire Survey ◽  
Electronic Toll Collection ◽  
Key Informant ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
Toll Collection ◽  
Toll Plaza ◽  
Key Informant Interview

Electronic Toll Collection (ETC) system using radio frequency identification (RFID) is a digital technology that allows vehicles to pass through the toll plaza without stopping for toll payment. The most notable advantage of this technology is that it eliminates congestion near the toll booths. Toll operators could also be benefitted from the implementation of ETC. In this study, problems and prospects of introducing ETC in Bangladesh have been assessed with the help of the Questionnaire Survey and Key Informant Interview. A total of nine samples were surveyed. It was revealed from the study that there are both problems and prospects of introducing ETC in Bangladesh. Seventy percent of respondents know about the launching of ETC in Bangladesh. The respondents stalwartly perceive that ETC would help ease traffic jams created by long queues in the manual payment of toll. There are many challenges in introducing ETC in Bangladesh. As this is a new technology, it would take time to overcome the difficulties. Efforts from all corners can move the ETC forward and make excellent use of the modern and digital technology in the payment of toll in line with the viewpoint of Digital Bangladesh. Keywords: Electronic toll collection (ETC), radio frequency identification (RFID), toll plaza, questionnaire survey, key informant interview

scholarly journals P305 Effectiveness and Safety of Vedolizumab in Biologic-Naïve Patients: Real-World Data from the Sicilian Network for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (SN-IBD)

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S333-S333
Author(s):  
F Macaluso ◽  
W Fries ◽  
S Renna ◽  
A Viola ◽  
M Muscianisi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Response ◽  
Real World ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Real World Data ◽  
Mayo Score ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Observational Cohort ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Abstract Background Biologic-naïve patients treated with Vedolizumab (VDZ) are largely underrepresented in real-world cohorts. We performed a multicentre, observational, cohort study on the effectiveness and safety of VDZ as treatment for Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) among biologic-naïve subjects. Methods Data of consecutive biologic-naïve patients with CD and UC treated with VDZ from July 2016 to December 2019 were extracted from the cohort of the Sicilian Network for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (SN-IBD). The primary outcome was the clinical response at 14 and 52 weeks evaluated with Harvey Bradshaw Index in CD and partial Mayo score in UC. Results 172 consecutive patients (CD: n=88; UC: n=84; median age 66.0 years) were included, with a median follow-up of 58.8 weeks. After 14 weeks, a clinical response was reported in 68.2% of patients with CD and 67.9% of patients with UC treated with VDZ, including 45.5% patients in the CD group and 46.4% patients in the UC group who achieved steroid-free remission. After 52 weeks, a clinical response was reported in 77.4% of CD and in 73.8% of UC patients treated with VDZ, including 59.7% patients in the CD group and 60.7% patients in the UC group who achieved steroid-free remission. All differences between CD and UC were not statistically significant. Cox survival analysis showed no significant difference in the probability of treatment discontinuation between CD and UC patients (log-rank p=0.73). Conclusion This large, real-world, multicenter study demonstrated the effectiveness and safety of VDZ as a first-line biologic, showing high rates of clinical response and steroid-free remission at both induction and maintenance.

scholarly journals Theft Detection and Location Tracking in Electronic Toll Collection System Using RFID and AES Algorithm

2019 ◽  
pp. 88-95
Author(s):  
Santhosh Prabhu K. ◽  
Sambath Kumar A. ◽  
Kumar A.
Keyword(s):  
Human Error ◽  
Work Load ◽  
Location Tracking ◽  
Rfid Technology ◽  
Collection System ◽  
Electronic Toll Collection ◽  
Cloud Data ◽  
Aes Algorithm ◽  
Toll Collection ◽  
Toll Plaza

Typical methods for collecting tolls are manual collection, automatic toll collection via coin machines and Electronic Toll collection System. The existing toll collection system all over India is operated manually. A toll system is the place where toll is paid for passage of a vehicle from the toll plaza. In the existing toll collection system there are limitations like mismanagement of time, long queue for the payment. The aim of the project is to implement toll collection system using RFID technology to overcome demerits of existing toll system. This paper mainly focused on how the electronic toll collection system reduces manual work load using RFID technology. Ultimately, this system reduces environment pollution due to the burning of fuel as well as reduces the waiting time of users in toll queue. User can access the toll collection system webpage and may perform their money transaction from any location. Their transaction will reflect in the centralized database. Due to the use of online transaction, users do not need to carry cash with them and this leads to reduction of human error occurring at the toll booths. Also the police admin can add the theft car details and this tollgate system will block the vehicles which are added by police admin. The cloud data will gets encrypted and decrypted using AES algorithm.

Use of alkylating chemotherapy in high-grade neuroendocrine tumours: Evaluation of real-world data.

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (7_suppl) ◽  
pp. 78-78
Author(s):  
Arani Sathiyapalan ◽  
Michael Susmoy Sanatani ◽  
Stephen Welch ◽  
Walter Ilarion Kocha ◽  
Sue Richter
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Neuroendocrine Tumours ◽  
Alkylating Agents ◽  
Treatment Decision ◽  
Treatment Discontinuation ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Real World Data ◽  
World Data ◽  
Current Series ◽  
Significant Difference

78 Background: High-grade neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) are believed to have activity to certain alkylating agents, although data are scant. These regimens include streptozotocin (STZ) (used in combination with doxorubicin or 5-fluorouracil) and dacarbazine (DTIC). Current series report variable responses between 6 – 69%. Our objective was to evaluate our real world data to better understand treatment decision-making and clinical outcomes with alkylating agents in advanced high-grade NETs. Methods: We reviewed the medical records of 36 patients with metastatic NETs who received alkylating systemic chemotherapy with either a DTIC regimen (n = 15) or STZ based regimen (n = 21). Patient cases were evaluated for age, time to treatment failure (TTF), time to progression (TTP Results: Among 36 patients treated, the predominant primary NET was pancreas (n = 28) with a median age at treatment of 61.9 years. Observed TTF was similar with both regimens (STZ: 3 months and DTIC: 4 months), however there was prolonged TTP of 11 months with STZ vs. 5.3 months with DTIC (p = 0.047). There was no significant difference in OS with a mean of 48.7 months (DTIC) vs. 47.6 months (STZ) (p = 0.47). Baseline progression at treatment initiation was higher in DTIC at 77% versus 57% in STZ. The predominant cause of treatment discontinuation in both groups was progressive disease; DTIC (71%) versus STZ (42%). Toxicity resulted in treatment discontinuation in 19% for STZ vs 7% for DTIC. Other causes of treatment cessation were completion of the intended treatment. Conclusions: In the groups evaluated, STZ containing regimens demonstrated prolonged PFS in comparison to DTIC, but there was no difference in OS between the two groups. Additionally, despite STZ appearing to have an increased toxicity rate, the rate of cessation between the groups was similar. This real world evaluation suggests similar efficacy with improved tolerability of DTIC based chemotherapy as a potential alternative to other alkylating agents.

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