Reconfiguring Responsibility in International Clinical Trials

2018 ◽  
pp. 187-211
Author(s):  
Ike Valentine Iyioke
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Research Ethics ◽  
Alternative Model ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
View Point ◽  
Her Family ◽  
American Intellectual ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Other Regarding

This chapter aims to prominently position the African philosophical notion of the self within the clinical trials context (and the larger bioethics project). As opposed to autonomy-based principlism, this other-regarding or communalist perspective is proposed as the preferred alternative model. The intent is to draw further attention to the inadequacy of the principlist approach particularly in multicultural settings. It also engenders a rethink, stimulates interest, and re-assesses the failed assumptions of universal ethical principles. As a novel attempt that runs against much of the prevailing (Euro-American) intellectual mood, this approach strives to introduce the African view point by making explicit the import of the self in a re-contextualized (nay, globalized) arena. Viewed as such, research ethics is guided to go beyond autonomy-based considerations for the individual with absolute right to self-determination; to embrace more holistic-based approach, recognizing that the individual is embedded in his/her family, community, and the environment.

Reconfiguring Responsibility in International Clinical Trials

2020 ◽  
pp. 168-195
Author(s):  
Ike Valentine Iyioke
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Research Ethics ◽  
Alternative Model ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Ethical Principles ◽  
Her Family ◽  
American Intellectual ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Other Regarding

This chapter aims to prominently position the African philosophical notion of the self within the clinical trials context (and the larger bioethics project). As opposed to autonomy-based principlism, this other-regarding or communalist perspective is proposed as the preferred alternative model. The intent is to draw further attention to the inadequacy of the principlist approach particularly in multicultural settings. It also engenders a rethink, stimulates interest, and re-assesses the failed assumptions of universal ethical principles. As a novel attempt that runs against much of the prevailing (Euro-American) intellectual mood, this approach strives to introduce the African viewpoint by making explicit the import of the self in a re-contextualized (nay, globalized) arena. Viewed as such, research ethics is guided to go beyond autonomy-based considerations for the individual with absolute right to self-determination; to embrace more holistic-based approach, recognizing that the individual is embedded in his/her family, community, and the environment.

scholarly journals A categorical analysis of the «personality self-determination» concept in the context of the problem of students’ orientation towards moral self-determination

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-273
Author(s):  
Oksana Konstantinovna Pozdnyakova
Keyword(s):  
Moral Education ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Moral Choice ◽  
Moral Self ◽  
Categorical Analysis ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Level Of Analysis

The paper raises the problem of students orientation towards moral self-determination as one of the directions of moral education of students. The necessity of carrying out a categorical analysis of the personality self-determination concept to determine the content and methods of orientation of students towards moral self-determination is substantiated. Personality self-determination is considered at the philosophical, psychological and pedagogical levels of analysis. At the philosophical level of analysis, the essence of the personality self-determination phenomenon and the concept adequate to it is revealed; it consists in a persons choice of certain actions and deeds in a given situation; shows the role of moral choice in the self-determination of the individual. At the psychological level of analysis, the author substantiates the relationship between the self-determination of the individual and the system of his/her relations (to the surrounding reality, other people and himself/herself), which determine the content of the personalitys position. At the pedagogical level of analysis, the self-determination of a person is associated with his/her choice of values, the source of which is his/her needs. The paper argues that the self-determination of a person is both a process and a result of a persons choice of his/her own position, there is a choice of relations that form the content of a position, there is a choice of values, the focus on which constitutes the value orientations of a person, which become the core of self-determination. The author also has determined some practical pedagogical tasks, the solution of which is aimed at creating conditions for the orientation of students towards moral self-determination: the task of students moral principles development, which will ensure their choice of their position, goals and means of self-realization in life; the task of familiarizing students with the value of good, which is the essence of their ethical attitude to the world, to people and to themselves; the task of developing students ability to substantiate the foundations of moral choice and its principles to reflection.

scholarly journals SUPPORT OF SELF-EDUCATION IN A DISTANCE RETRAINING PROGRAM OF TUTORS

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 719-728
Author(s):  
T. A. Klimova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Educational Environment ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Educational Activity ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Digital Environment ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Restrictive Measures

Introduction. The paper addresses the issue of support of the students involved in a fully online retraining program, which imposes special requirements on the development of the self-education ability. The study aims to establish the conditions for organizing the support of self-education in a digital educational environment. Materials and methods. The study relies on the methodology proposed by G.N. Prozumentova for reconstructing the innovative experience to analyze the reflexive text materials of the Logbook of students of the retraining program; to identify the points of stress, misunderstanding, breaks, and transitions during training; and make an analytical generalization. Results of the study. Categories of difficulties encountered by students of the program in their self-educational activity were identified, and the conditions necessary to support self-education were established. These are points of self-determination, professional trials, points of reflection, and individual educational route. Conclusion. In the context of restrictive measures during the pandemic and the transition to the online educational process, self-skills related to self-education, i.e., self-organization, independence, and self-determination, become essential. These competences are an indispensable part of the work of a tutor. However, before the tutor can support someone, they need to build these self skills themselves. The established conditions in the retraining programs will facilitate this process. At the same time, additional studies are required to reveal in more detail the individual progress of a person under these conditions for building a model for supporting the development of self-education ability, and to determine the methods for tutors to provide the support of this progress. Keywords. Self-education, self-determination, individual educational route, professional retraining, tutor, digital environment, self skills.

scholarly journals Model of Development of Self-determination as the Basis of Prevention of Addictive Behavior of Adolescents in Contemporary Educational Organizations

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 21-32
Author(s):  
N.A. Stepanova
Keyword(s):  
Addictive Behavior ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Sensitive Period ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Main Stage ◽  
Educational Organizations ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Maintenance Work ◽  
The Individual

The article presents the analysis of the current domestic research of the problem of self-determination. It is shown that adolescence is a sensitive period for the development of self-determination, but there are not enough studies of its dynamics at this age and ways of the formation. Self-determination is considered in the article as the opposite of addictive behavior, which makes it a resource in terms of prevention of pathological dependencies. Therefore, the proposed approach to optimization of the system of prevention in educational institutions through the development of self-determination in adolescence, based on the development of the spiritual fulfillment of the individual as the main stage of formation of the self. A model of interaction between education experts in the course of prevention of addictive behavior in educational organizations, reflecting the main stages of development of self-determination in the course of maintenance work.

scholarly journals A Narrative Review of Suicide: Aiming at a More Encompassing Understanding

Philosophies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Luís Madeira ◽  
Ana Teresa Miranda
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Support Groups ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Assisted Suicide ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Mental Health Worker ◽  
Psychological Pain ◽  
Her Family ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Commit Suicide

The suicide experience combines despair with the perception of suicide as the last option to alter its suffering effectively and actively. Shneidman’s phenomenology understands the suicidal mind in terms of psychological pain, as opposed to focusing on the individual context. This article aims to meet and review information from articles and books published in the area of the Phenomenology of Suicide, mostly between 2017 and 2021. By integrating and relating the different philosophical perspectives of the patient, his or her family, and the mental health worker, it is intended to identify emotions that are common to different groups affected by suicide, regardless of the context, experiences, and means used to commit suicide. The phenomenological description of self-determination experienced in suicide helps to improve the understanding of the suicidal mind, which can be useful in understanding questions that relate to issues such as assisted suicide and suicide prevention. The management of post-suicide consequences, especially the stigma, a cross-cutting challenge for all these groups, benefits from the specialized support of health professionals, either through psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy or support groups.

CULTURAL ASPECTS OF THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS

2021 ◽  
pp. 103-106
Author(s):  
N. V. Vinitskaya ◽  
◽  
E. P. Shabalina ◽  
M.N. Shipunova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moral Development ◽  
Social Experience ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual

The article deals with the interaction of culture and education, the influence of culture on the self-determination of the individual, its development as a person. The article describes the analysis of the study of the social experience of generations and its impact on the spiritual and moral development of the individual.

scholarly journals The Human Self: the Illusion of a Riddle

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-27
Author(s):  
G.V. Lobastov
Keyword(s):  
Difficult Problem ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Internal Logic ◽  
The Social ◽  
Potential Basis ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Mind

The paper is an attempt to give an inner outline of F.T. Mikhailov’s logic in the study of the human Self. The principles of analysis and the meaningful path of becoming the Self are analyzed, from the problem of the emergence of the mind to the developed, creative and free personality. Reflection of logical categories and their formal and substantive connection with the problems and methods of theoretical research in psychology is carried out. The paper shows the dialectic of the concept of the Self — both in the objective reality and in the self-consciousness of the individual. The subjectness of the Self is presented as an expression of the social whole and the internal logic of its development. This logic of the whole is the potential basis of the creative ability of the Self. The creativity arises in the contradiction between the universal and the specific, the distinction of which is, according to F.T. Mikhailov, the most difficult problem. But it is precisely in the solution of this problem that the solution to the phenomenon of the Self lies. And thus of freedom as the objective self-determination of man in being and in thinking. The reproduction of the logic of thought of F.T. Mikhailov is carried out by the author in his own synthesis of problems that highlight the main line in understanding the problem of the Self.

AAC Collaboration Using the Self-Anchored Rating Scales (SARS): An Aphasia Case Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 136-143
Author(s):  
Lynn E. Fox
Keyword(s):  
Augmentative And Alternative Communication ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Therapeutic Process ◽  
Family Counseling ◽  
The Self ◽  
Alternative Communication ◽  
Her Family ◽  
Solution Focused

Abstract The self-anchored rating scale (SARS) is a technique that augments collaboration between Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) interventionists, their clients, and their clients' support networks. SARS is a technique used in Solution-Focused Brief Therapy, a branch of systemic family counseling. It has been applied to treating speech and language disorders across the life span, and recent case studies show it has promise for promoting adoption and long-term use of high and low tech AAC. I will describe 2 key principles of solution-focused therapy and present 7 steps in the SARS process that illustrate how clinicians can use the SARS to involve a person with aphasia and his or her family in all aspects of the therapeutic process. I will use a case study to illustrate the SARS process and present outcomes for one individual living with aphasia.

A rejoinder to "Psychotherapy research ethics: Continuing the debate on controlled clinical trials."

1987 ◽  
Vol 42 (12) ◽  
pp. 1132-1133
Author(s):  
Stanley D. Imber ◽  
Lawrence M. Glanz ◽  
Irene Elkin ◽  
Stuart M. Sotsky ◽  
Jenny L. Boyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Research Ethics ◽  
Psychotherapy Research ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trials
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