Diffusion of Innovation and Role of Opinion Leaders

2018 ◽  
pp. 83-93
Author(s):  
Dayane Gabriele Alves Silveira
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Of Innovation ◽  
Decision Process ◽  
Diffusion Processes ◽  
Opinion Leaders ◽  
Innovation Networks ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
And Diffusion

The purposes of this study were: (1) examine the literature about innovation diffusion; (2) conduct a literature review on the innovation-decision process; (3) identify factors affecting the success of an innovation; (4) to determine a new strategy for diffusion of innovation. A structured search of the internet was undertaken to identify and appraise direct relationship between opinion leaders and diffusion of innovation. Models for describing the pattern of the diffusion processes for innovations are used by researchers. The present study went beyond the global structure of network to understand the actual position of the actors within the innovation networks. To do this, a strategy was needed that went to understand from the macro to the micro level, and then returned to the macro level to explain the structure of the authorship in innovation networks.

Effect of cluster-gradient architecture of nanostructured topocomposites on features of tribointeraction with heterophased material

2020 ◽  
pp. 130-135
Author(s):  
D.N. Korotaev ◽  
K.N. Poleshchenko ◽  
E.N. Eremin ◽  
E.E. Tarasov
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
Energy Dissipation ◽  
Phase Structure ◽  
Diffusion Processes ◽  
Structural Phase ◽  
High Wear Resistance ◽  
Wear Characteristics ◽  
And Diffusion

The wear resistance and wear characteristics of cluster-gradient architecture (CGA) nanostructured topocomposites are studied. The specifics of tribocontact interaction under microcutting conditions is considered. The reasons for retention of high wear resistance of this class of nanostructured topocomposites are studied. The mechanisms of energy dissipation from the tribocontact zone, due to the nanogeometry and the structural-phase structure of CGA topocomposites are analyzed. The role of triboactivated deformation and diffusion processes in providing increased wear resistance of carbide-based topocomposites is shown. They are tested under the conditions of blade processing of heat-resistant titanium alloy.

scholarly journals In situ X-ray tomography densification of firn: The role of mechanics and diffusion processes

2019 ◽  
Vol 167 ◽  
pp. 210-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis Burr ◽  
Pierre Lhuissier ◽  
Christophe L. Martin ◽  
Armelle Philip
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Processes ◽  
X Ray ◽  
And Diffusion

Evaluation of Factors Affecting Diffusion in Compacted Bentonite

1995 ◽  
Vol 412 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Lehikoinen ◽  
T. Carlsson ◽  
A. Muurinen ◽  
M. Olin ◽  
P. Salonen
Keyword(s):  
Surface Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Processes ◽  
Double Layers ◽  
Neutral Species ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Compacted Bentonite ◽  
Electrical Double Layers ◽  
Bentonite Clays ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Accessible Porosity

AbstractThe information available from the open literature and our studies on exclusion, sorption and diffusion mechanisms of ionic and neutral species in bentonite has been compiled and re-examined in relation to the microstructure of bentonite. The emphasis is placed on a more thorough understanding of the diffusion processes taking place in compacted bentonite. Despite the scarcity of experiments performed with neutral diffusants, these imply that virtually all the pores in compacted bentonite are accessible to neutral species. Anion exclusion, induced by the overlap of electrical double layers, may render the accessible porosity for anions considerably less than the porosity obtained from the water content of the clay. On the basis of the compiled data, it is highly probable that surface diffusion plays a significant role in the transport of cations in bentonite clays. Moreover, easily soluble compounds in bentonite can affect the ionic strength of porewater and, consequently, exclusion, equilibrium between cations, and surface diffusion.

In Situ X-Ray Tomography Densification of Firn: Decoupling the Role of Mechanics and Diffusion Processes

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis Burr ◽  
Pierre Lhuissier ◽  
Christophe L. Martin ◽  
Armelle Philip
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Processes ◽  
X Ray ◽  
And Diffusion

Confronting Cyber Risk

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory J. Falco ◽  
Eric Rosenbach
Keyword(s):  
Professional Experience ◽  
Litigation Risk ◽  
Incident Response ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Digital Asset ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Cyber Risk ◽  
Digital Assets

Confronting Cyber Risk: An Embedded Endurance Strategy for Cybersecurity is a practical leadership handbook defining a new strategy for improving cybersecurity and mitigating cyber risk. Written by two leading experts with extensive professional experience in cybersecurity, the book provides CEOs and cyber newcomers alike with novel, concrete guidance on how to implement a cutting-edge strategy to mitigate an organization’s overall risk to malicious cyberattacks. Using short, real-world case studies, the book highlights the need to address attack prevention and the resilience of each digital asset while also accounting for an incident’s potential impact on overall operations. In a world of hackers, artificial intelligence, and persistent ransomware attacks, the Embedded Endurance strategy embraces the reality of interdependent digital assets and provides an approach that addresses cyber risk at both the micro level (people, networks, systems and data) and the macro level (the organization). Most books about cybersecurity focus entirely on technology; the Embedded Endurance strategy recognizes the need for sophisticated thinking about hardware and software while also extending beyond to address operational, reputational and litigation risk. This book both provides the reader with a solid grounding in important prevention-focused technologies—such as cloud-based security and intrusion detection—and emphasizes the important role of incident response. By implementing an Embedded Endurance strategy, you can guide your team to blunt major cyber incidents with preventative and resilience measures engaged systematically across your organization.

Diffusion Barrier Reliability with Respect to the Role of Tin Stoichiometry Between Al Metallization and Si Substrate

1996 ◽  
Vol 441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han-Yu Tseng ◽  
Aris Christou ◽  
Dan Young ◽  
Ted Tessner ◽  
Jon Orloff
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Barrier ◽  
Diffusion Processes ◽  
Depth Profiling ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Tin Films ◽  
Al Metallization ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Tin Diffusion Barrier ◽  
And Diffusion

AbstractIn this study, the relation between interdiffusion in Al/ TiN thin film couples and diffusion barrier stability has been investigated. The TiN diffusion barrier was deposited by reactive sputtering in an Ar-N2 gas mixture. The stoichiometry of TiN was achieved by varying the nitrogen-to-argon ratio in the sputtering gas. Interdiffiusion occurred after annealing for 30 minutes at 475°C and 575°C. Diffusion processes and interfacial reactions with respect to TiN stoichiometry were investigated via Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES) depth profiling and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The barrier reliability with respect to the stoichiometry changes was established; nitrogen-deficient TiN films result in a high degree of interdiffiusion and decomposition at annealing temperatures of 475°C and 575°C. AI3Ti and AlN intermetallic compounds were formed at the interfaces. The sheet resistance of Al films was measured by four-point probe method. Resistance increases for all the annealed films were due to interdiffusion between Al and TiN. The degree of interdiffusion was analyzed by using AES and XRD.

Electrical and Diffusion Processes in the Adhesion of Two Polymers

1960 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 240-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. P. Morozova ◽  
B. A. Krotova
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Processes ◽  
Adhesive Bond ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Cellulose Esters ◽  
Adhesive Bonds ◽  
Vinyl Polymers ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Glass Metal

Abstract In previous publications one of us developed the concept of the electrical theory of adhesion. On the other hand, many authors have repeatedly expressed opinions concerning the role of diffusion processes during the formation of adhesive and auto-adhesive bonds. Owing to the discussion of this problem an experimental investigation of the formation of adhesive bonds acquired special significance, in particular during the addition of two high molecular materials for the purpose of clarifying the correlation of electrical and diffusion processes in the phenomena of adhesion. The shape of the adhesiogram is very significant in solving the question of the type of adhesive bond. The effect of the velocity of rupture is comparatively small if the adhesive bond depended on the phenomenon of diffusion. If the adhesive bond is of electrical nature the adhesiogram has generally three clearly expressed sections. With the aid of a roller adhesiometer we have taken the adhesiograms of a series of polymers (gum type BF, polyurethans, polyamides, a series of vinyl polymers, rubbers, guttapercha, cellulose esters, and on.). The adhesiograms of different combinations of these polymers with glass, metal and with rubbers of a Na butadiene and acrylo nitrile rubber base usually gave three clearly expressed regions. However, in some cases there were only two sections and the third was absent. Three probably exist in all but some may be located in an area of significant velocity and experimental determination becomes difficult. Under our experimental conditions of a time interval <0.01 sec some could not be measured.

How Materiality Enables and Constrains Framing Practices: Affordances of a Rheumatology E-Service

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 458-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Essén ◽  
Sara Winterstorm Värlander
Keyword(s):  
Collective Action ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
System Integration ◽  
Collective Action Frames ◽  
Data Content ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Material Artifacts ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Over Time

Framing has been presented as a way for micro-level actors to change and diffuse innovations. However, most framing studies have given primacy to language, whereas the role of material artifacts has been largely ignored. The aim of this study is to conceptualize and illustrate how the materiality of technology enables and constrains framing practices. We use empirical data about the development and diffusion of an e-service in the Swedish rheumatology setting from 2000 to 2014. Our results show how three different material features of the technology (data content, user rights, and system integration) initially afforded two different framings of the technology: normalizing and radicalizing framings. The material features, however, lost their ability to afford radicalizing framings over time, along with changes in the collective-action frames governing the field studied.

scholarly journals “Cursed is the ground because of you”:

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Jordan ◽  
Marco Guerzoni
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Of Innovation ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Cultural Environment ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
Multivariate Survival ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Cultural Traits ◽  
Multivariate Survival Model ◽  
Probability Of Adoption

AbstractThis paper analyses culture as a determinant of technology adoption in a developing country. While the literature discusses the influence of culture upon economic growth, little attention has been paid to the mechanisms at the micro level. Therefore, we postulate that culture plays a crucial role in hindering or fostering the diffusion of innovation, a key trigger of the engine of growth. This empirical study uses the Ethiopia Rural Household Survey to disentangle between individual cultural traits, namely, ethnicity and religion, and the cultural homogeneity of the environment as co-determinants of fertiliser adoption. To examine our hypotheses, we apply a multivariate survival model for clustered and correlated observations to account for time and location effects. The results reveal significant differences in the probability of adopting fertiliser among cultural groups. Moreover, habits and social norms, proxied by ethnicity, provide a better explanation for the role of culture, than religious beliefs, as usually posited in the literature. Also, the cultural environment turns out tobe a decisive trigger. The probability of adoption is higher in rural societies with a homogeneous ethnic environment but distinct religious variety.

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