The Growing Separation Between Markets and Government

2018 ◽  
pp. 159-168
Author(s):  
Paul Greaves
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public Works ◽  
Interstate Highway ◽  
Funding Mechanism ◽  
Interstate Highway System ◽  
Transportation Projects ◽  
Surface Transportation ◽  
Fuel Taxes ◽  
Funding Gap

The nation's surface transportation infrastructure represents a key component to economic growth in the United States for the 21st century. The establishment of the Interstate Highway System in 1956 represents one of the country's greatest public works achievements. The funding mechanism has been the Highway Trust Fund that collects fuel taxes to finance transportation projects. The rationale for this structure was to create a self-financed program. Over the last couple of decades, fuel taxes have not kept pace with highway needs. This chapter will examine the widening funding gap and options for making the program a true pay-as-you-go system once again.

scholarly journals Trade and the Topography of the Spatial Economy *

2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (3) ◽  
pp. 1085-1140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Treb Allen ◽  
Costas Arkolakis
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
The United States ◽  
Interstate Highway ◽  
Interstate Highway System ◽  
Simple Set ◽  
Spatial Economy ◽  
Structure Of Trade ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Highway System

Abstract We develop a general equilibrium framework to determine the spatial distribution of economic activity on any surface with (nearly) any geography. Combining the gravity structure of trade with labor mobility, we provide conditions for the existence, uniqueness, and stability of a spatial economic equilibrium and derive a simple set of equations that govern the relationship between economic activity and the geography of the surface. We then use the framework to estimate the topography of trade costs, productivities and amenities in the United States. We find that geographic location accounts for at least twenty percent of the spatial variation in U.S. income. Finally, we calculate that the construction of the interstate highway system increased welfare by 1.1 to 1.4 percent, which is substantially larger than its cost.

Aesthetics and Other Community Values in the Design of Roads

1996 ◽  
Vol 1549 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-74
Author(s):  
Joseph Passonneau
Keyword(s):  
Citizen Participation ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Necessary Conditions ◽  
Public Works ◽  
Interstate Highway ◽  
Community Values ◽  
Interstate Highway System ◽  
History Of ◽  
Social Landscapes ◽  
Highway System

The Interstate highway system was designed to handle large volumes of high-speed traffic. It has been one of the most successful public works projects of the century. But in the design of roads, aesthetics and other community values have been increasingly, and unnecessarily, neglected. This study provides a brief history of the Interstate highway acts and of agency responses to conflict. Discussion of the aesthetics of streets and roads follows, which examines the “fit” between roads and the physical and social landscapes through which they pass. It shows that parkways have been successful in fitting roads to their surroundings and in minimizing the area of concrete. Also parkway safety appears adequate. Several examples are cited of typical cases in which highway guidelines are modified to save money. The processes that have led to successful conflict resolution are described, and necessary conditions for constructive citizen participation are examined. This study's aim is to provide support for professionals and citizens attempting to resolve such conflicts.

Markets, Technological Change and Economic Growth (The Quaid-i-Azam Lecture)

1994 ◽  
Vol 33 (4I) ◽  
pp. 327-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard G. Lipsey
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
The United States ◽  
Industrial Countries ◽  
Canadian Institute ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
Short Time

I am honoured to be invited to give this lecture before so distinguished an audience of development economists. For the last 21/2 years I have been director of a project financed by the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research and composed of a group of scholars from Canada, the United States, and Israel.I Our brief is to study the determinants of long term economic growth. Although our primary focus is on advanced industrial countries such as my own, some of us have come to the conclusion that there is more common ground between developed and developing countries than we might have first thought. I am, however, no expert on development economics so I must let you decide how much of what I say is applicable to economies such as your own. Today, I will discuss some of the grand themes that have arisen in my studies with our group. In the short time available, I can only allude to how these themes are rooted in our more detailed studies. In doing this, I must hasten to add that I speak for myself alone; our group has no corporate view other than the sum of our individual, and very individualistic, views.

Transportation Economic and Land Use System

1998 ◽  
Vol 1617 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis J. Pignataro ◽  
Joseph Wen ◽  
Robert Burchell ◽  
Michael L. Lahr ◽  
Ann Strauss-Wieder
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Information System ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Transportation Projects ◽  
Accessible Information ◽  
Surface Transportation ◽  
Land Use System ◽  
Land Use Effects ◽  
Computer Based

The purpose of the Transportation Economic and Land Use System (TELUS) is to convert the transportation improvement program (TIP) into a management tool. Accordingly, the system provides detailed and easily accessible information on transportation projects in the region, as well as their interrelationships and impacts. By doing so, TELUS enables public-sector agencies to meet organizational, Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act, state, and other mandates more effectively. The objectives are accomplished by providing the computer-based capability to analyze, sort, combine, and track transportation projects in or under consideration for a TIP; assessing the interrelationships among significant transportation projects; estimating the regional economic and land use effects of transportation projects; and presenting project information in an easily understood format, including geographic information system formats.

Comparing the Four Main Cases

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
William R. Thompson ◽  
Leila Zakhirova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
The United States ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Regional Specialization ◽  
Domestic Markets ◽  
Technological Leadership ◽  
System Leaders ◽  
Industrial Economic

No two system leaders were identical in their claims to being the most innovative states in their respective zones, eras, and periods of leadership. Nonetheless, three general categories emerge: maritime commercial leadership, a pushing of agrarian boundaries, and sustained industrial economic growth. Those that made breakthroughs in the latter category, of course, redefined the modern world. Frontiers were critically important in all four cases of system leadership (China, the Netherlands, Britain, and the United States), but not exactly in the same way. Major improvements in transportation/communication facilitated economic growth by making interactions more feasible and less expensive, although the importance of trade varied considerably. Expanding populations were a hallmark of all four cases, even if the scale of increase varied. Population growth and urbanization forced agriculture to become more efficient and provided labor for nonagricultural pursuits. Urban demands stimulated regional specialization, technological innovation, and energy intensification, expanding the size of domestic markets and contributing to scalar increases in production. Just how large those scalar increases were depended on the interactions among technological innovation, power-driven machinery, and energy transition. Yet no single change led automatically to technological leadership. While lead status was never gained by default, it helped to have few rivals. As more serious rivals emerged, technological leaderships became harder to maintain.

Japan's Role in Asia-Pacific Cooperation

1991 ◽  
Vol 513 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
SABURO OKITA
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
International Economic ◽  
The United States ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
The Other ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation ◽  
Rapid Economic Growth ◽  
International Trading

The Asia-Pacific countries achieved rapid economic growth with the flying-goose model in the 1980s, growth buttressed by export-oriented development strategies and the policy culture in these countries. While Japan and the other Asia-Pacific countries still have strong growth potential, many problems remain, including trade imbalances with the United States and the rise of protectionism there, the Asia-Pacific economies' vulnerability, and the need to consolidate the infrastructure for growth. It is imperative that Japan contribute to the development of the region by responding effectively to these issues and that it strengthen the international trading arrangements by promoting Asia-Pacific cooperation premised on openness. Given the region's great internal diversity, Asia-Pacific economic cooperation can well serve as a model for international economic coordination.

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