Neuroeconomics

2017 ◽  
pp. 127-137
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Brand Loyalty ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Medical Professionals ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Independent Field ◽  
The Brain

Neuromarketing is a relatively new discipline that studies of how the brain processes economically relevant decision-making, directed not at medical professionals, but rather at marketers. Following this, Neuroeconomy emerged as an independent field as a result to the increased interest in investigating how the decision-making process actually takes place. The goal of this chapter is to study the influence of Neuroeconomy in Neuroscience, allowing researchers to study the processes on a large scale, discovering the brain reactions that determine complex cognitive processes. Using the Neuroeconomic framework combined with the knowledge of the neuroscientists, some models have been drawn, which correlate neuroscience concepts (decision making, memory or emotion) with marketing ones (positioning, reaction to brand advertisements or brand loyalty).

Exposure to Video Games and Decision Making

2019 ◽  
pp. 117-131
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Curcio ◽  
Sara Peracchia
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Video Games ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Computer Games ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Popular Press ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The Brain

In the last years, it is ever more frequent to read popular press stories about the effects of video and/or computer games on the brain and on the behavior. In some cases, we can read something claiming that video games “damage the brain,” while in others these activities can “boost brain power,” and such conflicting proclamation create confusion about the real or potential effects of this activity on human beings. Thus, it is very interesting to deeply understand the effect that exposure to video games (VGs) can have on cognitive processes, with particular attention to decision making. Only a few studies have been carried out on this issue: the main aim of this contribution is to clarify these aspects, critically reviewing the existing scientific literature. Particular attention has been dedicated to normal and pathological players, different types of VGs, and moral aspects of decision making vulnerable to VGs. It has been concluded that research in this area is still in its early days, and this short review aims at discussing several issues and challenges that should be addressed to forward this research field.

Central Language Hypothesis in the Decision-Making Process

2016 ◽  
pp. 66-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duygu Buğa
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Limbic Cortex ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Discussion Section ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
The Brain

The purpose of this chapter is to explore the potential connection between neuroeconomics and the Central Language Hypothesis (CLH) which refers to the language placed within the subconscious mind of an individual. The CLH forwards that in the brains of bilingual and multilingual people, one language is more suppressive as it dominates reflexes, emotions, and senses. This central language (CL) is located at the centre of the limbic cortex of the brain. Therefore, when there is a stimulus on the limbic cortex (e.g., fear, anxiety, sadness), the brain produces the central language. The chapter begins with an Introduction followed by a Theoretical Framework. The next section discusses the neurolinguistic projection of the central language and includes the survey and the results used in this study. The Discussion section provides additional information regarding the questionnaire and the CLH, followed by Future Research Directions, Implications, and finally the Conclusion.

A case-based reasoning system for fault detection and isolation: a case study on complex gearboxes

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soumava Boral ◽  
Sanjay Kumar Chaturvedi ◽  
V.N.A. Naikan
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Fault Detection ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fault Detection And Isolation ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Case Based Reasoning ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Complex Decision Making ◽  
Complex Decision ◽  
Case Based

Purpose Usually, the machinery in process plants is exposed to harsh and uncontrolled environmental conditions. Even after taking different types of preventive measures to detect and isolate the faults at the earliest possible opportunity becomes a complex decision-making process that often requires experts’ opinions and judicious decisions. The purpose of this paper is to propose a framework to detect, isolate and to suggest appropriate maintenance tasks for large-scale complex machinery (i.e. gearboxes of steel processing plant) in a simplified and structured manner by utilizing the prior fault histories available with the organization in conjunction with case-based reasoning (CBR) approach. It is also demonstrated that the proposed framework can easily be implemented by using today’s graphical user interface enabled tools such as Microsoft Visual Basic and similar. Design/methodology/approach CBR, an amalgamated domain of artificial intelligence and human cognitive process, has been applied to carry out the task of fault detection and isolation (FDI). Findings The equipment failure history and actions taken along with the pertinent health indicators are sufficient to detect and isolate the existing fault(s) and to suggest proper maintenance actions to minimize associated losses. The complex decision-making process of maintaining such equipment can exploit the principle of CBR and overcome the limitations of the techniques such as artificial neural networks and expert systems. The proposed CBR-based framework is able to provide inference with minimum or even with some missing information to take appropriate actions. This proposed framework would alleviate from the frequent requirement of expert’s interventions and in-depth knowledge of various analysis techniques expected to be known to process engineers. Originality/value The CBR approach has demonstrated its usefulness in many areas of practical applications. The authors perceive its application potentiality to FDI with suggested maintenance actions to alleviate an end-user from the frequent requirement of an expert for diagnosis or inference. The proposed framework can serve as a useful tool/aid to the process engineers to detect and isolate the fault of large-scale complex machinery with suggested actions in a simplified way.

Design of Costs-Based Metrics for Enhancing the Economics of the Mining Truck Fleet

2014 ◽  
Vol 805 ◽  
pp. 415-421
Author(s):  
Max Martins ◽  
Carlos Teixeira ◽  
Beck Nader ◽  
Giorgio de Tomi
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Mining Activities ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Management Objectives ◽  
Operational Costs ◽  
Operational Variables ◽  
Huge Impact

Modern mining activities are very intense in capital use, highly mechanized and as a consequence, present high operational costs. In this sense the appeal for managing operational variables adequately is very attractive since these have a huge impact in the overall costs. Reportedly, one of the most expensive mining activities is the transportation of in situ material to its destination. In this regard, the correct management of the important operational variables coupled with the experience gathered in mining operations, allowed the development of a computer system aimed at helping to achieve these management objectives. This paper describes the relation between measurable variables and economic parameters obtained in one important large scale Brazilian mine and how they interact and relate to each other in order to facilitate the decision making process.

Quantifying Access Management on Arterial Roadways

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (17) ◽  
pp. 129-139
Author(s):  
Lacy S. Brown ◽  
Karen K. Dixon ◽  
H. Gene Hawkins
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Transportation Industry ◽  
Access Management ◽  
Subjective Assessments ◽  
Delay Increase ◽  
Management Project ◽  
Land Use Development ◽  
And Performance

Research suggests that successfully implemented access management programs can reduce delay, increase capacity, and improve safety performance on single roadway segments and across larger roadway networks. However, quantifying how access management, as a single entity, might affect a transportation system is difficult because countless combinations of strategies can be implemented. Consequently, large-scale access management decisions are often based on subjective assessments and the engineering judgment of practitioners and decision makers. There is a need for a standard, objective, and quantifiable approach to evaluating the impacts and performance of large-scale access management applications. This paper presents a quantitative method for evaluating an access management project on factors including operations; safety; impacts to adjacent land uses; and bicycle, pedestrian, and transit facilities. The result is an access management rating (AMR), a numerical value that allows for straightforward comparisons between corridors or between design alternatives on the same corridor. The proposed methodology eliminates the subjective component of the decision-making process while maintaining enough flexibility to be tailored to a specific agency’s needs and priorities. By improving the consistency of access management evaluations, the decision-making process will be streamlined, funding will be allocated to projects with the greatest needs and opportunities for improvement, and the entire transportation industry will benefit from improved safety, operations, and land use development.

scholarly journals Forcing techniques & Neuroscience

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Bestue
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Free Will ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
General Concept ◽  
Extreme Value ◽  
Final Outcome ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Transfer Of Knowledge ◽  
Complex Mechanisms

Although we might think our decisions determine the final outcome of certain situations, magicians show us this is not always the case. Over the centuries, magicians have developed numerous forcing techniques to determine the final outcome of certain decisions that are perceived as “free choices'' by the spectators. It has been hypothesized that forcing techniques could be of extreme value to explore both decision making process and free will. Unfortunately, the knowledge of forcing techniques is restricted to magicians, who usually study them from a practical perspective instead of a psychological one. As this hinders the transfer of knowledge between the fields, in this work, I present an accurate explanation of the general concept of “forcing technique” together with a discussion of their possible applications to neuroscience. Moreover, I present a framework of cognitive processes exploited by forcing techniques to illustrate they are complex mechanisms that different branches of neuroscience can study. This work provides a background for the application of this ecological tool in the neuroscience of decision making and the sense of free will.

How the Brain Makes Decisions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Boraud
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
General Framework ◽  
Fundamental Question ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
It Impacts ◽  
Combining Data ◽  
Neural Substrate ◽  
Human Decision ◽  
The Brain

The human decision-making process is tainted with irrationality. To address this issue, this book proposes a ‘bottom-up’ approach of the neural substrate of decision-making, starting from the fundamental question: What are the basic properties that a neural network of decision-making needs to possess? Combining data drawn from phylogeny and physiology, this book provides a general framework of the neurobiology of decision-making in vertebrates and explains how it evolved from the lamprey to the apes. It also addresses the consequences, examining how it impacts our capacity of reasoning and some aspects of the pathophysiology of high brain functions. To conclude, the text opens discussion to more philosophical concepts such as the question of free will.

scholarly journals Functional parcellation of the default mode network: a large-scale meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaoming Wang ◽  
Lindsey J. Tepfer ◽  
Adrienne A. Taren ◽  
David V. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Posterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
Default Mode

Abstract The default mode network (DMN) consists of several regions that selectively interact to support distinct domains of cognition. Of the various sites that partake in DMN function, the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), temporal parietal junction (TPJ), and medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) are frequently identified as key contributors. Yet, it remains unclear whether these subcomponents of the DMN make unique contributions to specific cognitive processes and health conditions. To address this issue, we applied a meta-analytic parcellation approach used in prior work. This approach used the Neurosynth database and classification methods to quantify the association between PCC, TPJ, and MPFC activation and specific topics related to cognition and health (e.g., decision making and smoking). Our analyses replicated prior observations that the PCC, TPJ, and MPFC collectively support multiple cognitive functions such as decision making, memory, and awareness. To gain insight into the functional organization of each region, we parceled each region based on its coactivation pattern with the rest of the brain. This analysis indicated that each region could be further subdivided into functionally distinct subcomponents. Taken together, we further delineate DMN function by demonstrating the relative strengths of association among subcomponents across a range of cognitive processes and health conditions. A continued attentiveness to the specialization within the DMN allows future work to consider the nuances in sub-regional contributions necessary for healthy cognition, as well as create the potential for more targeted treatment protocols in various health conditions.

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