5G: rethink mobile communications for 2020+

2016 ◽  
Vol 374 (2062) ◽  
pp. 20140432 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Chih-Lin ◽  
Shuangfeng Han ◽  
Zhikun Xu ◽  
Qi Sun ◽  
Zhengang Pan
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Communications ◽  
Access Network ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Network Function Virtualization ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Network Function ◽  
High Data ◽  
5G Network ◽  
User Centric

The 5G network is anticipated to meet the challenging requirements of mobile traffic in the 2020s, which are characterized by super high data rate, low latency, high mobility, high energy efficiency and high traffic density. This paper provides an overview of China Mobile’s 5G vision and potential solutions. Three key characteristics of 5G are analysed, i.e. super fast, soft and green. The main 5G R&D themes are further elaborated, which include five fundamental rethinkings of the traditional design methodologies. The 5G network design considerations are also discussed, with cloud radio access network, ultra-dense network, software defined network and network function virtualization examined as key potential solutions towards a green and soft 5G network. The paradigm shift to user-centric network operation from the traditional cell-centric operation is also investigated, where the decoupled downlink and uplink, control and data, and adaptive multiple connections provide sufficient means to achieve a user-centric 5G network with ‘no more cells’. The software defined air interface is investigated under a uniform framework and can adaptively adapt the parameters to well satisfy various requirements in different 5G scenarios.

Quality Evaluation of Cloud and Fog Computing Services in 5G Networks

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stojan Kitanov ◽  
Borislav Popovski ◽  
Toni Janevski
Keyword(s):  
Network Performance ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Network Control ◽  
5G Networks ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Network Function ◽  
Computing Services ◽  
5G Network ◽  
Intelligent Networking

Because of the increased computing and intelligent networking demands in 5G network, cloud computing alone encounters too many limitations, such as requirements for reduced latency, high mobility, high scalability, and real-time execution. A new paradigm called fog computing has emerged to resolve these issues. Fog computing distributes computing, data processing, and networking services to the edge of the network, closer to end users. Fog applied in 5G significantly improves network performance in terms of spectral and energy efficiency, enable direct device-to-device wireless communications, and support the growing trend of network function virtualization and separation of network control intelligence from radio network hardware. This chapter evaluates the quality of cloud and fog computing services in 5G network, and proposes five algorithms for an optimal selection of 5G RAN according to the service requirements. The results demonstrate that fog computing is a suitable technology solution for 5G networks.

ONAP

2021 ◽  
pp. 212-249
Author(s):  
Eric Debeau ◽  
Veronica Quintuna-Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Network Function Virtualization ◽  
Network Function ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Public Networks ◽  
5G Network ◽  
Network Flexibility ◽  
Optimal Resource ◽  
Network Functions ◽  
Lifecycle Management ◽  
Automation Techniques

The ever-increasing complexity of networks and services advocates for the introduction of automation techniques to facilitate the design, the delivery, and the operation of such networks and services. The emergence of both network function virtualization (NFV) and software-defined networks (SDN) enable network flexibility and adaptability which open the door to on-demand services requiring automation. In aim of holding the increasing number of customized services and the evolved capabilities of public networks, the open network automation platform (ONAP), which is in open source, particularly addresses automation techniques while enabling dynamic orchestration, optimal resource allocation capabilities, and end-to-end service lifecycle management. This chapter addresses the key ONAP features that can be used by industrials and operators to automatically manage and orchestrate a wide set of services ranging from elementary network functions (e.g., firewalls) to more complex services (e.g., 5G network slices).

scholarly journals Intent-Based End-to-End Network Service Orchestration System for Multi-Platforms

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adeel Rafiq ◽  
Asif Mehmood ◽  
Talha Ahmed Khan ◽  
Khizar Abbas ◽  
Muhammad Afaq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Error ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Network Function Virtualization ◽  
Network Service ◽  
Service Orchestration ◽  
Network Function ◽  
5G Network ◽  
Level Information ◽  
End To End ◽  
High Level

On-demand service is the main feature of the 5G network, and Network Function Virtualization (NFV) provides it by virtualizing the existing 5G network infrastructure. NFV crafts various virtual networks on a shared physical network, but one of the core challenges in future 5G networks is to automate the modeling of Virtualized Network Functions (VNFs) and end-to-end Network Service (NS) orchestration with less human interaction. Traditionally, the descriptor of VNF and NS is created manually, which requires expert-level skills. This manual approach has a big threat of human error, which can be avoided by using the Intent-Based Networking (IBN) approach. The IBN approach eliminates the requirement of expertise for designing VNFs and NS by taking users’ intentions as an input. In this paper, the proposed system presents the Intent Management System for VNF modeling and end-to-end NS orchestration for multi-platforms. This system takes the high-level information related to a specific service, configures it accordingly, and converts it into the selected platform. The proposed system is tested using Mobile Central Office Re-architected as Data Center (M-CORD) and Open-Source Management and Orchestration (OSM) orchestrators. The results section shows that the proposed system reduces the effort of the end-user in creating network slices and provides seamless end-to-end service orchestration.

scholarly journals Multilevel Service-Provisioning-Based Autonomous Vehicle Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 2497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mashael Khayyat ◽  
Abdullah Alshahrani ◽  
Soltan Alharbi ◽  
Ibrahim Elgendy ◽  
Alexander Paramonov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Communication Networks ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Autonomous Vehicle ◽  
Access Network ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
Radio Access ◽  
Vehicle Networks

With the recent advances and development of autonomous control systems of cars, the design and development of reliable infrastructure and communication networks become a necessity. The recent release of the fifth-generation cellular system (5G) promises to provide a step towards reliability or a panacea. However, designing autonomous vehicle networks has more requirements due to the high mobility and traffic density of such networks and the latency and reliability requirements of applications run over such networks. To this end, we proposed a multilevel cloud system for autonomous vehicles which was built over the Tactile Internet. In addition, base stations at the edge of the radio-access network (RAN) with different technologies of antennas are used in our system. Finally, simulation results show that the proposed system with multilevel clouding can significantly reduce the round-trip latency and the network congestion. In addition, our system can be adapted in the mobility scenario.

scholarly journals A Robust Security Architecture for SDN-Based 5G Networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaying Yao ◽  
Zhigeng Han ◽  
Muhammad Sohail ◽  
Liangmin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Communications ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Security Architecture ◽  
5G Networks ◽  
High Data ◽  
5G Network ◽  
Security Problem ◽  
Network Communications ◽  
Cellular Mobile ◽  
Better Than

5G is the latest generation of cellular mobile communications. Due to its significant advantage in high data rate, reduced latency and massive device connectivity, the 5G network plays a vital role in today’s commercial telecommunications networks. However, the 5G network also faces some challenges when used in practice. This is because it consists of various diverse ingredients, termed heterogeneity. The heterogeneity of the 5G network has two consequences: first, it prevents us to use this technology in a uniform way, preventing the wide use of 5G technology; second, it complicates the structure of the 5G network, making it hard to monitor what is going on in a 5G network. To break through this limitation, researchers have worked in this field and design their own protocol, in which software-defined networking (SDN) is one key design concept. By separating control and data plane, SDN can make the 5G network functional and programmable, such that we can handle the heterogeneity in traditional 5G networks. In light of this, we say that SDN-5G network is attractive, but its advantages are not free. The intelligence centralization used in SDN has its own drawbacks when it comes to security. To break through this limitation, we propose a robust security architecture for SDN-based 5G Networks. To find the illegal request from malicious attackers, we add extra cryptographic authentication, termed synchronize secret. The basic idea of our scheme is leveraging preload secrets to differ attacks from regular network communications. The simulation results indicate that our work can completely handle the security problem from SDN with a low disconnect rate of 0.01%, which is much better than that from state of the art.

scholarly journals Securing Virtual Network Function (VNF) in Telco Cloud

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bharathkumar Ravichandran
Keyword(s):  
General Purpose ◽  
Virtual Network ◽  
Network Function Virtualization ◽  
Communication Architecture ◽  
Network Function ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
Security Challenges ◽  
5G Network ◽  
Network Functions ◽  
Computing Platforms

In the fifth generation mobile communication architecture (5G), network functions which traditionally existed as discrete hardware entities based on custom architectures, are replaced with dynamic, scalable Virtual Network Functions (VNF) that run on general purpose (x86) cloud computing platforms, under the paradigm Network Function Virtualization (NFV). The shift towards a virtualized infrastructure poses its own set of security challenges that need to be addressed. One such challenge that we seek to address in this paper is providing integrity, authenticity and confidentiality protection for VNFs.

Quality Evaluation of Cloud and Fog Computing Services in 5G Networks

2021 ◽  
pp. 1770-1805
Author(s):  
Stojan Kitanov ◽  
Borislav Popovski ◽  
Toni Janevski
Keyword(s):  
Network Performance ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Network Control ◽  
5G Networks ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Network Function ◽  
Computing Services ◽  
5G Network ◽  
Intelligent Networking

Because of the increased computing and intelligent networking demands in 5G network, cloud computing alone encounters too many limitations, such as requirements for reduced latency, high mobility, high scalability, and real-time execution. A new paradigm called fog computing has emerged to resolve these issues. Fog computing distributes computing, data processing, and networking services to the edge of the network, closer to end users. Fog applied in 5G significantly improves network performance in terms of spectral and energy efficiency, enable direct device-to-device wireless communications, and support the growing trend of network function virtualization and separation of network control intelligence from radio network hardware. This chapter evaluates the quality of cloud and fog computing services in 5G network, and proposes five algorithms for an optimal selection of 5G RAN according to the service requirements. The results demonstrate that fog computing is a suitable technology solution for 5G networks.

scholarly journals Optimized Energy Aware 5G Network Function Virtualization

IEEE Access ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 44939-44958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed N. Al-Quzweeni ◽  
Ahmed Q. Lawey ◽  
Taisir E. H. Elgorashi ◽  
Jaafar M. H. Elmirghani
Keyword(s):  
Network Function Virtualization ◽  
Energy Aware ◽  
Network Function ◽  
5G Network

scholarly journals Optical Technology for NFV Converged Networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1522
Author(s):  
Paola Iovanna ◽  
Alessandra Bigongiari ◽  
Alberto Bianchi ◽  
Sylvie Menezo ◽  
Marco Romagnoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Access Network ◽  
Network Function Virtualization ◽  
Network Architectures ◽  
Optical Technology ◽  
Physical Point ◽  
Network Function ◽  
High Bandwidth ◽  
Network Functions ◽  
Integrated Silicon Photonics ◽  
Point To Point

5G and its evolution towards 6G is unlocking new use cases that will require the reconsideration of the existing network architectures and its operation. As the network will be required to support new service types and radio protocol splits, the traditional physical point to point connections will need to be replaced with a transport network up to the antenna site to guarantee low latency services and high bandwidth. Optical based transport is a key enabler to realize such a convergent network, where the traditional fixed infrastructure in use for mobile services and mobile infrastructure should also support enterprises services. The Software Defined Network (SDN) and Network Function Virtualization (NFV) technology plays a key role to evolve towards digitalization. It allows to simplify the creation of new services and to implement a real decoupling between the infrastructure and the network functions that run virtually, on generic processing units located everywhere in the network. Supporting automation is a key requirement that traditional optical technology is not able to meet. In this paper the reference scenarios for the access network are presented with the analysis of their requirements and the enabling optical solutions based on integrated silicon photonics.

scholarly journals Resource Allocation in 4G and 5G Networks: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lavanya-Nehan Degambur ◽  
Avinash Mungur ◽  
Sheeba Armoogum ◽  
Sameerchand Pudaruth
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Network Function Virtualization ◽  
Network Architectures ◽  
5G Networks ◽  
Memory Space ◽  
Network Function ◽  
5G Network ◽  
End To End

The advent of 4G and 5G broadband wireless networks brings several challenges with respect to resource allocation in the networks. In an interconnected network of wireless devices, users, and devices, all compete for scarce resources which further emphasizes the fair and efficient allocation of those resources for the proper functioning of the networks. The purpose of this study is to discover the different factors that are involved in resource allocation in 4G and 5G networks. The methodology used was an empirical study using qualitative techniques by performing literature reviews on the state of art in 4G and 5G networks, analyze their respective architectures and resource allocation mechanisms, discover parameters, criteria and provide recommendations. It was observed that resource allocation is primarily done with radio resource in 4G and 5G networks, owing to their wireless nature, and resource allocation is measured in terms of delay, fairness, packet loss ratio, spectral efficiency, and throughput. Minimal consideration is given to other resources along the end-to-end 4G and 5G network architectures. This paper defines more types of resources, such as electrical energy, processor cycles and memory space, along end-to-end architectures, whose allocation processes need to be emphasized owing to the inclusion of software defined networking and network function virtualization in 5G network architectures. Thus, more criteria, such as electrical energy usage, processor cycle, and memory to evaluate resource allocation have been proposed.  Finally, ten recommendations have been made to enhance resource allocation along the whole 5G network architecture.

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