Handoff Management in Macro-Femto Cellular Networks

2019 ◽  
pp. 227-249
Author(s):  
Muhammad Faheem Mustafa ◽  
Ayaz Ahmad ◽  
Raheel Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Networks ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Data Traffic ◽  
Core Network ◽  
Handoff Management ◽  
High Data ◽  
Cell Network ◽  
Network Operation ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
Time Required

With the rapid increase in data traffic and high data rate demands from cellular users, conventional cellular networks are becoming insufficient to fulfill these requirements. Femto cells are integrated in macro cellular network to increase the capacity, coverage, and to fulfill the increasing demands of the users. Time required for handoff process between the cells became more sensitive and complex with the introduction of femto cells in the network. Public internet which connect the femto base station with the mobile core network induces higher latency if conventional handoff procedures are also employed in macro-femto cell network. So, handoff process will become slower and network operation will become insufficient. Some standards, procedures, and protocols should be defined for macro-femto cell network rather than using existing protocols. This chapter presents a comprehensive survey of handoff process, types of handoff in macro-femto cell network, and proposed methods and schemes for frequent and unnecessary handoff reduction for efficient network operation.

scholarly journals Analysis And Performance Comparison of Microwave And WiFi 802.11ac Based Backhaul For Long Term Evolution Network In Urban Area

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nida Nurvira ◽  
Anggun Fitrian Isnawati ◽  
Achmad Rizal Danisya
Keyword(s):  
Network Design ◽  
Performance Standards ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Throughput Capacity ◽  
Data Traffic ◽  
Core Network ◽  
Lte Networks ◽  
Link Capacity ◽  
Average Value ◽  
High Data

Increasing user requirements for LTE networks, data traffic from eNodeB to core network is also increases, therefore, the recommended solution for meeting this high data traffic is to use a backhaul network design. Backhaul is the path or network used to connect eNodeB with the core network. In this research, backhaul technology used is wi-fi 802.11ac backhaul and microwave backhaul. In this study begins by collecting existing data, then perform capacity calculations to find out the number of eNodeB needed and to find out the capacity of the backhaul links to be designed, then determine the antenna height to achieve LOS conditions, then calculate the desired performance standards and calculate the backhaul network link budget on microwave and wi-fi technologies. Based on the calculation results in terms of capacity, the total user target is 90,167 users and has a throughput capacity per eNodeB of 61 Mbps. In the link-capacity calculation, the total link capacity is 427 Mbps. From the simulation results that using microwave technology, the average RSL value is -30.90 dBm, the value meets the -57 dBm threshold standard and the value of availability does not meet the standard of 99.999% because the average value obtained is 99.998095%. Whereas for wi-fi technology, the average RSL value is -39.24 dBm and meet the -72 dBm threshold standard, for the average availability value meets 99.999% standard, with a value of 100%. From the results of the two technologies, can be conclude that the wi-fi technology is more suitable for the use of backhaul network design in Ciputat Sub-district.

scholarly journals Delay Analysis of Wireless Cellular Networks for Better Qos

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 5517-5524
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Networks ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Radio Channel ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Traffic Load ◽  
Cell Network ◽  
Mobile Cellular ◽  
Mobile Cellular Networks ◽  
The Difference

The message for call requests is created by mobile devices during a call which is then sent to a base station (BS). A BS processes the response of a call request and chooses to accept or deny the call. Signals such as location notifications, paging and switching due to user mobility take a significant share of the total traffic load within mobile cellular networks. Therefore, between signaling packets, the maximum allowable delays may differ. This time will be delayed because if the time is longer than the allowable pause. The quality of service is therefore reduced, which for service providers is not acceptable. In this paper, we propose an empirical model to determine an overall delay in the processing of wireless cell network signaling packets, which involves the delay in the radio channel and the wired component delay in processing. We are demonstrating the effectiveness of priority processing in reducing handoff delays. We also assess the delay between cells according to their positions in the area and their influence on processing delays by the number of nodes. In addition, we evaluate the difference in delay between cells depending on their position within the network area and how many stations influence time delayed processing.

A Review on 3GPP 5G Security Aspects

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajavelsamy R ◽  
Debabrata Das
Keyword(s):  
Network Architecture ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Cellular Systems ◽  
Core Network ◽  
User Privacy ◽  
Wireless Backhaul ◽  
Level Of Use ◽  
Unified Authentication ◽  
3Rd Generation Partnership Project ◽  
5G Security

5G promises to support new level of use cases that will deliver a better user experience. The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) [1] defined 5G system introduced fundamental changes on top of its former cellular systems in several design areas, including security. Unlike in the legacy systems, the 5G architecture design considers Home control enhancements for roaming customer, tight collaboration with the 3rd Party Application servers, Unified Authentication framework to accommodate various category of devices and services, enhanced user privacy, and secured the new service based core network architecture. Further, 3GPP is investigating the enhancements to the 5G security aspects to support longer security key lengths, False Base station detection and wireless backhaul in the Phase-2 of 5G standardization [2]. This paper provides the key enhancements specified by the 3GPP for 5G system, particularly the differences to the 4G system and the rationale behind the decisions.

Capacity Enhancement for Hotspot Area in 5G Cellular Networks Using mmWave Aerial Base Station

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 677-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fanqin Zhou ◽  
Wenjing Li ◽  
Luoming Meng ◽  
Michel Kadoch
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Networks ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Capacity Enhancement

scholarly journals Interference Cancellation Based Spectrum Sharing for Massive MIMO Communication Systems

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 3584
Author(s):  
Milembolo Miantezila Junior ◽  
Bin Guo ◽  
Chenjie Zhang ◽  
Xuemei Bai
Keyword(s):  
Interference Cancellation ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Spectrum Sharing ◽  
Null Space ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Small Cells ◽  
Data Traffic ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Lte Advanced

Cellular network operators are predicting an increase in space of more than 200 percent to carry the move and tremendous increase of total users in data traffic. The growing of investments in infrastructure such as a large number of small cells, particularly the technologies such as LTE-Advanced and 6G Technology, can assist in mitigating this challenge moderately. In this paper, we suggest a projection study in spectrum sharing of radar multi-input and multi-output, and mobile LTE multi-input multi-output communication systems near m base stations (BS). The radar multi-input multi-output and mobile LTE communication systems split different interference channels. The new approach based on radar projection signal detection has been proposed for free interference disturbance channel with radar multi-input multi-output and mobile LTE multi-input multi-output by using a new proposed interference cancellation algorithm. We chose the channel of interference with the best free channel, and the detected signal of radar was projected to null space. The goal is to remove all interferences from the radar multi-input multi-output and to cancel any disturbance sources from a chosen mobile Communication Base Station. The experimental results showed that the new approach performs very well and can optimize Spectrum Access.

Study on P2P Service Bearer Method for Passive Optical Network for Long Distance and Wide Access

2019 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Wang ◽  
Shangya Han ◽  
Panke Qin ◽  
Yaping Li ◽  
Yanmei Shen
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Optical Network ◽  
Passive Optical Network ◽  
Data Traffic ◽  
Core Network ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Optical Line Terminal ◽  
Optical Line ◽  
Wide Access ◽  
P2p Service

AbstractFor the effective bearer of P2P-type services, a P2P service bearer reorientation method for passive optical network for long-distance wide access based on P2P protocol message and wire-speed message identification is proposed. However, the reorientation method still has the possibility of relocation failure, so it is modified – that is, an improved P2P service bearer reorientation method based on optical line terminal (OLT) and optical network unit (ONU) cooperation. And the tool NS2 is used for network simulation analysis. Through simulation analysis, it is verified that the modified reorientation method improves the data traffic burden at the core network and at the OLT.

An Efficient IR-HARQ Power Allocation for Relay-Aided Cellular Networks

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (12) ◽  
pp. 1850195
Author(s):  
P. Mangayarkarasi ◽  
J. Raja
Keyword(s):  
Power Allocation ◽  
Cellular Networks ◽  
Channel Capacity ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Relay Station ◽  
Decode And Forward ◽  
Relay Placement ◽  
Cell Coverage ◽  
The Impact

Energy-efficient and reliable data transmission is a challenging task in wireless relay networks (WRNs). Energy efficiency in cellular networks has received significant attention because of the present need for reduced energy consumption, thereby maintaining the profitability of networks, which in turn makes these networks “greener”. The urban cell topography needs more energy to cover the total area of the cell. The base station does not cover the entire area in a given topography and adding more number of base stations is a cost prohibitive one. Energy-efficient relay placement model which calculates the maximum cell coverage is proposed in this work that covers all sectors and also an energy-efficient incremental redundancy-hybrid automatic repeat request (IR-HARQ) power allocation scheme to improve the reliability of the network by improving the overall network throughput is proposed. An IR-HARQ power allocation method maximizes the average incremental mutual information at each round, and its throughput quickly converges to the ergodic channel capacity as the number of retransmissions increases. Simulation results show that the proposed IR-HARQ power allocation achieves full channel capacity with average transmission delay and maintains good throughput under less power consumption. Also the impact of relaying performance on node distances between relay station and base station as well as between user and relay station and relay height for line of sight conditions are analyzed using full decode and forward (FDF) and partial decode and forward (PDF) relaying schemes. Compared to FDF scheme, PDF scheme provides better performance and allows more freedom in the relay placement for an increase in cell coverage.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document