Trend and Impact of Military Expenditure on Economic Growth in South Asia

2019 ◽  
pp. 793-809
Author(s):  
Sudhakar Patra
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Military Expenditure ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Economic Productivity ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicators ◽  
Per Capita

The objective of the chapter is to analyze trend, pattern, and impact of military expenditure in South Asian countries, namely Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. The study is based on secondary data from World Bank database, South Asian report, and RBI macroeconomic indicators. The trend of military expenditure has been analyzed using line graphs for all five South Asian countries. Military spending is higher as percentage of GDP in Pakistan among all South Asian countries. Military expenditure has positive impact on economic growth in South Asian countries. The study suggested effective military expenditure strategies and expenditure which is important for improving economic productivity and growth of countries. There is positive correlation between total military personnel and per capita GDP in all South Asian countries except Pakistan.

Trend and Impact of Military Expenditure on Economic Growth in South Asia

2018 ◽  
pp. 253-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudhakar Patra
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Military Expenditure ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Economic Productivity ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicators ◽  
Per Capita

The objective of the chapter is to analyze trend, pattern, and impact of military expenditure in South Asian countries, namely Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. The study is based on secondary data from World Bank database, South Asian report, and RBI macroeconomic indicators. The trend of military expenditure has been analyzed using line graphs for all five South Asian countries. Military spending is higher as percentage of GDP in Pakistan among all South Asian countries. Military expenditure has positive impact on economic growth in South Asian countries. The study suggested effective military expenditure strategies and expenditure which is important for improving economic productivity and growth of countries. There is positive correlation between total military personnel and per capita GDP in all South Asian countries except Pakistan.

scholarly journals The effect of military spending on economic growth in South Asian countries during the years 2004 to 2016

2018 ◽  
pp. 129-144
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Method Of Moments ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Military Expenditure ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
The Past ◽  
Military Expenditures ◽  
The Impact

Governments and states initiate to up grate social welfare and prosperity through military expenditure and security expenses. On the hand, politicians concentrate on economic growth as a measure of social wafer and prosperity. Empirically growth has dramatically improved the livelihood, comfort, and consumption of a large number of people, as compared to the past people now have access to more nutrition, clothing, better educational material and qualified services. In order to examine empirically the impact of military expenditure on economic growth, this paper follow the Effect of Military Expenditures on Economic Growth (in South Asia during 2004 to 2016) as main objective. After Diagnostic Tests Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) has been used. The findings of the research indicate positive impact of Military Expenditure on Economic Growth in South Asian Countries. However, the impact of Import, Export and Investment are Statistically Significant on economic growth of South Asian Countries.

scholarly journals Causal nexus between fiscal deficit and economic growth

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Ravinthirakumaran Navaratnam ◽  
Kasavarajah Mayandy
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Cointegration Analysis ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Fiscal Deficit ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
The Impact

The impact of fiscal deficit on economic growth is one of the most widely debated issues among economists and policy makers in both developed and developing countries in the recent period. This paper seeks to examine the impact of fiscal deficit on economic growth in selected South Asian countries, namely, Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka using time series annual data over the period 1980 to 2014. The paper uses cointegration analysis, error correction modelling and Granger causality test under a Vector Autoregression (VAR) framework. The results from this study confirmed that the fiscal deficit has a negative impact on economic growth in the South Asian countries considered in this study except Nepal, which confirmed the positive impact. The results also highlighted that the direction of causality for the SAARC countries is mixed where fiscal deficit causes economic growth for Bangladesh, Nepal and Pakistan, but the reverse is true for India and Sri Lanka.  

Economic Growth and Social Justice in South Asia: An Interpretation of Empirical Evidence

1981 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-404
Author(s):  
Indra Nath Mukherji
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Social Justice ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Relative Income ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Agricultural Labourers

This paper initially examines the level of development and the rate of economic growth in South Asian countries. Subsequently attention is shifted to examine how far economic growth has contributed to social justice. The level of development is examined conventionally in terms of relative per capita incomes, while the rate of economic growth is examined in terms of annual compound growth rate in real gross domestic product (GDP). For evaluating social justice several indices are used—relative income inequality, distribution of assets, proportion of population below the poverty line, and real earnings of agricultural labourers. Having consolidated the available literature on the subject, a search for their consistency is attempted and interpretations offered. The final section thus examines the evidence with respect to causation of inequality and offers policy guidelines. While the focus of the paper is the South Asian countries, illustrations from the experience of South East Asian countries is also drawn for comparison.

scholarly journals Impact of Tourism Growth and FDI on Economic Growth: Evidence from South Asian Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Azhar Bhatti ◽  
Muhammad Yousuf Khan Marri ◽  
Ali Azam
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Interest Rate ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
The Interest Rate

Nowadays, economic growth has again gained global attention because of the uncertainty in global economic conditions and attracts the focus of regulators and recent research studies. In this scenario, this study examines the role of tourism growth and foreign direct investment (FDI) on the economic growth of South Asian countries. This study has used the interest rate and population growth as the control variables. The secondary data has been extracted from the world development indicators (WDI) from 2001 to 2020. The fixed effect model (FEM) and generalized method of moments (GMM) are run to test the linkage among the variables. The results expose that tourism growth, FDI, interest rate, and population growth have a positive and significant effect on the economic growth in South Asian countries. The results provide guidelines to the regulators and furnish policies regarding economic growth for tourism growth.

scholarly journals Impact of unemployment and income on entrepreneurship in post-apartheid South Africa: 1994–2015

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Darma Mahadea ◽  
Irrshad Kaseeram
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Employment Growth ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
National Development ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Per Capita Gdp ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact

Background: South Africa has made significant progress since the dawn of democracy in 1994. It registered positive economic growth rates and its real gross domestic product (GDP) per capita increased from R42 849 in 1994 to over R56 000 in 2015. However, employment growth lagged behind GDP growth, resulting in rising unemployment. Aim and setting: Entrepreneurship brings together labour and capital in generating income, output and employment. According to South Africa’s National Development Plan, employment growth would come mainly from small-firm entrepreneurship and economic growth. Accordingly, this article investigates the impact unemployment and per capita income have on early stage total entrepreneurship activity (TEA) in South Africa, using data covering the 1994–2015 period. Methods: The methodology used is the dynamic least squares regression. The article tests the assertion that economic growth, proxied by real per capita GDP income, promotes entrepreneurship and that high unemployment forces necessity entrepreneurship. Results: The regression results indicate that per capita real GDP, which increases with economic growth, has a highly significant, positive impact on entrepreneurial activity, while unemployment has a weaker effect. A 1% rise in real per capita GDP results in a 0.16% rise in TEA entrepreneurship, and a 1% rise in unemployment is associated with a 0.25% rise in TEA. Conclusion: There seems to be a strong pull factor, from income growth to entrepreneurship and a reasonable push from unemployment to entrepreneurship, as individuals without employment are forced to self-employment as a necessity, survival mechanism. Overall, a long-run co-integrating relationship seems plausible between unemployment, income and entrepreneurship in South Africa.

scholarly journals Learning Losses Caused by the Covid-19 Pandemic - A Significant Threat to Economic Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
Tea Kasradze ◽  
Nino Zarnadze
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Local Policy ◽  
Education Systems ◽  
Increase Productivity ◽  
The Impact

Numerous studies show that there is a positive correlation between education and the economic development of the country. Strong education systems have a positive impact not only on the success of individuals but also on the economy of the entire country. Graduates equipped with the skills required by the labor market can easily find a place in this market. Knowledge and skills relevant to market demand increase productivity have a positive impact on economic growth and development. Unfortunately, Covid Pandemic has severely damaged the education systems. Governments, scientists, and experts provide us with statistical information daily around the world about both the slowdown in economic growth as a whole and the problems of individual sectors of the economy. These are the problems and numbers that are already visible and it can be said that the losses are easily measurable. However, the damage caused to the economy by education systems affected by the pandemic will be felt by countries and humanity years later, nor will it be easy to calculate. The problem is even more difficult in poor and developing countries. This paper aims to study the impact of the Covid Pandemic on the education system and economy in Georgia. The research examines the reports and studies of various international organizations, analyzing the secondary data obtained from them. Local policy documents, government reports and regulations, and papers of different researchers have also been studied, conclusions have been made and relevant recommendations have been developed.

scholarly journals The impact of health care financing on the economic growth: EU countries analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-32
Author(s):  
Anastasiia Samoilikova ◽  
Rosen Kunev
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Software Package ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Health Care Financing ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

This article generalized modern tendencies and actual peculiarities of health care financing. The key aim of the research is to investigate the dynamics of health care financing as a factor of economic growth based on EU countries analysis. Systematization information sources connected with health care financing and its structure indicate that the EU countries analysis of dynamics of health care financing and its impact on economic growth was conducted fragmentary. This issue is still actual both for scholars and policymakers, especially for Ukraine, based on European trends. Investigation in the article is made according to the following stages: 1) introduction and relevance grounding; 2) literary review and identifying the necessity of research in this scientific area; 3) describing methodology, research methods, and current hypothesis; 4) characteristic of research results and confirming the hypothesis of the positive impact of the health care financing on economic growth; 5) making conclusions. Methodological tools of the research methods were structural and comparative analysis, logical generalization, and scientific abstraction. The methods of cross-country statistical and analytical analysis using the Excel 2010 software package for the sample from 14 EU countries for 2009-2018 (limited number of countries and limited data in 2018 relate to the data availability on open website of the EU statistical office) were applied to analyse the structure of health care financing, in particular financing schemes, main providers, and health care functions. The top countries in health care financing were identified. The methods of empirical analysis using the STATA software package for this data sample were used to confirm the hypothesis about the positive impact of the health care financing on economic growth – the GDP per capita. The nature of the analysed indices distribution was estimated based on results of Shapiro-Wilk test. So, Pearson or Spearman correlation coefficient was chosen. The statistical significance and strength of the relationship between the indicators of total expenditure for health care, and in particular government financing and compulsory contributory health care financing, voluntary health care financing, and household out-of-pocket payment for health care and the change of GDP per capita were assessed through a correlation analysis. The time lags of achievement the most statistical significance by this relationship was also identified. The results of the research show that the impact of health care financing on the change of economic growth is very high in 12 from 14 investigated EU countries (with lags of 1–3 years) and high in 2 from 14 countries (with a lag of 1 year). The character of this relationship for the most countries (9 from 14 countries) is direct (positive), and for 5 countries it is inverse (negative). The results of the research will be useful during future fundamental and practical research connected with health care financing and its modelling, for scholars and government officials to reform the health care system and its financial mechanism.

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