Economic Growth and Social Justice in South Asia: An Interpretation of Empirical Evidence

1981 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-404
Author(s):  
Indra Nath Mukherji
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Social Justice ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Relative Income ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Agricultural Labourers

This paper initially examines the level of development and the rate of economic growth in South Asian countries. Subsequently attention is shifted to examine how far economic growth has contributed to social justice. The level of development is examined conventionally in terms of relative per capita incomes, while the rate of economic growth is examined in terms of annual compound growth rate in real gross domestic product (GDP). For evaluating social justice several indices are used—relative income inequality, distribution of assets, proportion of population below the poverty line, and real earnings of agricultural labourers. Having consolidated the available literature on the subject, a search for their consistency is attempted and interpretations offered. The final section thus examines the evidence with respect to causation of inequality and offers policy guidelines. While the focus of the paper is the South Asian countries, illustrations from the experience of South East Asian countries is also drawn for comparison.

Trend and Impact of Military Expenditure on Economic Growth in South Asia

2018 ◽  
pp. 253-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudhakar Patra
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Military Expenditure ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Economic Productivity ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicators ◽  
Per Capita

The objective of the chapter is to analyze trend, pattern, and impact of military expenditure in South Asian countries, namely Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. The study is based on secondary data from World Bank database, South Asian report, and RBI macroeconomic indicators. The trend of military expenditure has been analyzed using line graphs for all five South Asian countries. Military spending is higher as percentage of GDP in Pakistan among all South Asian countries. Military expenditure has positive impact on economic growth in South Asian countries. The study suggested effective military expenditure strategies and expenditure which is important for improving economic productivity and growth of countries. There is positive correlation between total military personnel and per capita GDP in all South Asian countries except Pakistan.

Trend and Impact of Military Expenditure on Economic Growth in South Asia

2019 ◽  
pp. 793-809
Author(s):  
Sudhakar Patra
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Military Expenditure ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Economic Productivity ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicators ◽  
Per Capita

The objective of the chapter is to analyze trend, pattern, and impact of military expenditure in South Asian countries, namely Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. The study is based on secondary data from World Bank database, South Asian report, and RBI macroeconomic indicators. The trend of military expenditure has been analyzed using line graphs for all five South Asian countries. Military spending is higher as percentage of GDP in Pakistan among all South Asian countries. Military expenditure has positive impact on economic growth in South Asian countries. The study suggested effective military expenditure strategies and expenditure which is important for improving economic productivity and growth of countries. There is positive correlation between total military personnel and per capita GDP in all South Asian countries except Pakistan.

Exploring the Channels and Impact of Debt on Economic Growth

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-191
Author(s):  
Kashif Munir ◽  
Nisma Riffat Mehmood
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Conditional Convergence ◽  
Macroeconomic Policies ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Private And Public

The objective of this study is to analyse the effect of debt on economic growth as well as the channels, that is, investment, total factor productivity (TFP), interest rate and saving channel through which debt affects economic growth in South Asian countries. The study uses growth model based on conditional convergence and augments to include debt. Panel data of four South Asian countries from 1990 to 2013 at annual frequency are utilized and fixed effect model is used for estimation. The results of the study showed that inverted U-shaped relationship exists between debt and economic growth in South Asian countries. However, the most important and significant channel through which debt affects economic growth is private and public investment as well as TFP. Reducing debt accumulation alone will not rectify the problem unless the supplementary macroeconomic policies are made sound; therefore, there is a dire need to improve macroeconomic policies, good governance and elimination of structural distortions. JEL: C23, H6, O47

Investigating the Role of Regional Economic Integration on Growth: Fresh Insights from South Asia

2020 ◽  
pp. 097491012097480
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ibrahim Shah
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
South Asia ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Economic Integration ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Regional Economic Integration ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Regional Economic

Regional economic integration is the key to achieving prosperity and stability. However, intra-regional trade in South Asia accounts for not more than 5%–6% of their total trade. This study aims to examine the role played by regional economic integration in determining the economic growth of South Asian countries over the period 1980–2015. Since shocks in one country may affect another country in the region, this is taken into account in the article by employing methodologies that are robust to cross sectional dependence. Specifically, continuously-updated and bias-corrected (CupBC) of Bai et al. (2009) and Dumitrescu–Hurlin panel causality test (2012) have been employed to estimate long-run coefficients and determine the direction of relationship among the variables, respectively. The findings suggest that economic integration increases economic growth significantly in this region. However, contrary to popular belief, both democracy and human capital are negatively related to economic growth. Bidirectional causality is found between economic integration and democracy, regional integration and human capital, democracy and human capital and, democracy and labor. This study also presents several policy implications for South Asian countries.

Death Penalty in South Asia: A Comparative Study between India and Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
pp. 002190962092653
Author(s):  
Sadiya S. Silvee ◽  
Ximei Wu
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Death Penalty ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Amnesty International ◽  
The Social ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Subject

The death penalty has been the subject of controversy for a long time. South Asian countries have found themselves with this controversy by acquiring an ambivalent approach towards the death penalty. Out of eight South Asian countries, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India and Pakistan retain the death penalty law, and firmly believe that the death penalty can deter people from committing future crimes, whereas Sri Lanka and Maldives have chosen to retain the death penalty law but have abolished it in practice. Conversely, Nepal and Bhutan are the only two countries that have abolished death penalty both in law and practice. In this context, this comparative study of death penalty trials explores the approach taken by the judiciary of two South Asian jurisdictions, Bangladesh and India, towards the death penalty. This paper utilizes the findings of two original empirical research projects that explored judges’ opinions on the retention and administration of the death penalty in both jurisdictions. Amnesty International death penalty reports along with the case judgements are used, which helped to portray the true approach and flaws in the death penalty trials in both the jurisdictions. The paper will assess the death penalty trials and approach of the different stakeholders in the trial to highlight the distinct approaches taken by the two jurisdictions towards the death penalty. The paper argues that in both countries there is inconsistency in sentencing, the social cry for justice is prioritized over convicts’ rights and, from judges to legal representatives, all the stakeholders involved in a criminal trial hold a convictive approach, making a criminal justice system which presumes justice is served by awarding the death penalty.

scholarly journals External Resources and Economic Growth: An Empirical Analysis of South Asian Countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Imtiaz Arif ◽  
Lubna Khan ◽  
Syed Ali Raza
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Panel Cointegration ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
External Resources ◽  
The Individual

Abstract This study aims to investigate the role of three important external resources on the economic growth of leading South Asian countries. A sample of four countries is studied from 1983 to 2014. Empirical analyses are carried out in two phases. First, we have checked the combined effect using CD test, CIPS, Pedroni, and Westerlund panel cointegration, pooled mean group (PMG) framework and Heterogeneous non-causality test. In the second phase, we compared the regional and country-wise estimations using ARDL bound testing, stability test, and Granger causality. Results suggest that remittances play a vital role in the economic growth of selected South Asian countries, whereas, imports and foreign direct investment found to be insignificant. Also, while evaluating the same model for the individual countries using the ARDL estimations also reveal that remittances significantly contribute to the economies of Pakistan and Sri Lanka and imports found to be negatively related with economic growth in the same economies. However, imports showed a strong relationship with the economic growth of Bangladesh. Thus, this paper has drawn some insights for the policymakers.

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