Sanctioning Mechanisms in Virtual Communities

2011 ◽  
pp. 409-413
Author(s):  
Elisa Bertino ◽  
Anna Cinzia Squicciarini ◽  
Elena Ferrari
Keyword(s):  
Resource Sharing ◽  
Virtual Communities ◽  
Virtual Community ◽  
Regulatory System ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Computational Resources ◽  
Access Policies

A virtual community is a composition of heterogeneous and independently designed subsystems, sharing services, resources, information, and knowledge to achieve a common goal. The concept of virtual community is very general and open to a number of interpretations (Ao & Misky, 2003; Sadighi & Sergot, 2002). Members belonging to a virtual community, indeed, may be represented by human beings, if the virtual community is a collection of people sharing common interests and ideas, or roles, programs or software/hardware modules, if the community is an automated system for sharing computing resources (Welch & Foster, 2002). The resource shared among a community may be computational resources as well as documents, information, or data. Whichever is the community-specific goal and features, assuming a community composed by interacting entities, several open issues need to be addressed, for instance, how to manage access policies to coordinate resource sharing, how to establish a community, how to oblige member communities to respect community policies, and so on. In the real world, to set up an organization it is necessary to perform some fundamental steps. First, the founder members have to draft a constitution, specifying the object and purpose of the organization, the rules, the kind of services and information provided. The constitution may be directly released to members or officially published in a registry’s Office. Furthermore, constitution must establish rules and responsibilities that each member has to follow. To join the community, a subject commonly has to apply for membership. The application consists of a procedure, where the applicant communicates his/her personal data, subscribes to the regulation of the community, and informs whether he/she has something to share, and which are the conditions under which he/she will release his/her services. Similarly, in order to start up a virtual community, it is necessary to define participant roles and resources to be shared, as well as a regulatory system composed of community laws and/or local laws defined by single members.

Virtual Communities as Contributors for Digital Objects Metadata Generation

2014 ◽  
pp. 1182-1198
Author(s):  
Joana Sócrates Dantas ◽  
Regina Melo Silveira
Keyword(s):  
Current Literature ◽  
Resource Sharing ◽  
Virtual Communities ◽  
Virtual Community ◽  
Digital Content ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Content Description ◽  
Digital Objects ◽  
Metadata Generation

Description of online digital content is currently extremely necessary to facilitate a diverse amount of resource sharing over the internet. Many times, content is shared and reused within a virtual community. Virtual communities tend to have their own specific needs of resources, and tend to use a specific vocabulary to describe content. Members of virtual communities also tend to have specific motivations for participating and sharing information and knowledge with other members. In this chapter, the authors discuss the benefits of community members generating content description by analyzing the current literature on the matter. Then, the authors present two studies they have held where they assess the metadata generated by users of an IPTV system and by members of two different virtual communities.

scholarly journals Towards a Fourth Cosmology of Doctor-Patient Relationship: A Reflection on the Virtual Patient Community PatientsLikeMe

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Bletsos ◽  
George Alexias ◽  
Charalambos Tsekeris
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Online Community ◽  
Virtual Communities ◽  
Medical Profession ◽  
Virtual Community ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Medical Discourse ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this paper is the study of an online patient community (Patientslikeme) and, specifically, of the impact of virtuality in the shaping of the patient-doctor relationship. Drawing from Kozinets’s research paradigm, known as ethnography of the Internet (Netnography), we investigate the patients’ attitudes toward the medical profession. Examining relevant data from the ALS forum, we set up three main axes of analysis: (a) the energetic versus passive stance towards doctors, (b) the evidence-based scientific knowledge versus alternative forms of knowledge, and (c) the positive versus negative attitude towards doctors and medical practices. The underlying theoretical hypothesis, i.e. whether the virtual community empowers patients over against the authority of the medical profession, is verified. Other interesting findings involve the value of evidence-based scientific knowledge, the intermediary role of the online community in building the patient-physician relationship, and the development of an alternative discourse towards the dominant medical discourse. All the above suggest that we have entered an era where the control of the patient is being transferred to another (digital) dimension, in which virtual communities play a crucial role.

Virtual Communities as Contributors for Digital Objects Metadata Generation

2012 ◽  
pp. 55-71
Author(s):  
Joana Sócrates Dantas ◽  
Regina Melo Silveira
Keyword(s):  
Current Literature ◽  
Resource Sharing ◽  
Virtual Communities ◽  
Virtual Community ◽  
Digital Content ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Content Description ◽  
Digital Objects ◽  
Metadata Generation

Description of online digital content is currently extremely necessary to facilitate a diverse amount of resource sharing over the internet. Many times, content is shared and reused within a virtual community. Virtual communities tend to have their own specific needs of resources, and tend to use a specific vocabulary to describe content. Members of virtual communities also tend to have specific motivations for participating and sharing information and knowledge with other members. In this chapter, the authors discuss the benefits of community members generating content description by analyzing the current literature on the matter. Then, the authors present two studies they have held where they assess the metadata generated by users of an IPTV system and by members of two different virtual communities.

Trust in B2B E-Commerce Virtual Communities

2011 ◽  
pp. 445-448
Author(s):  
Eric Turner
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Communities ◽  
Virtual Community ◽  
Physical Interaction ◽  
Mutual Trust ◽  
Business Partners ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Information Assets ◽  
Community Issues ◽  
Business To Business ◽  
Source Of Information

In any virtual community, issues of trust can dictate the level of interaction among participants within that community. In business-to-business (B2B) electronic commerce (e-commerce), trust is an important factor in an organization’s willingness to expose itself to certain business risks without perfect knowledge of another organization’s capabilities, commitment or intentions. Within a virtual B2B community, the negotiation for the purchase and selling of goods, services and information involves little or no physical interaction such as eye contact or handshakes. Additionally, there is limited accessibility to physical locations that may display goods or be a source of information that could be used for assessing the trustworthiness of organizations. Although the Internet provides a medium for interconnecting a broad range of potential business partners at relatively low start-up and ongoing costs, the inherent information asymmetries create additional risks not present in traditional commerce. Individual organizations are required to dynamically assess and mediate these risks through the implementation of strategies for limiting the exposure of valued information assets and protecting resources. Since it is not feasible, nor practical, to eliminate all risks associated with online B2B collaborations, a means for establishing and maintaining levels of mutual trust is essential among multiple organizations that participate in electronically based transactions.

Trust in B2B E-Commerce Virtual Communities

2011 ◽  
pp. 1249-1253
Author(s):  
Eric Turner
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Communities ◽  
Virtual Community ◽  
Physical Interaction ◽  
Mutual Trust ◽  
Business Partners ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Information Assets ◽  
Community Issues ◽  
Business To Business ◽  
Source Of Information

In any virtual community, issues of trust can dictate the level of interaction among participants within that community. In business-to-business (B2B) electronic commerce (e-commerce), trust is an important factor in an organization’s willingness to expose itself to certain business risks without perfect knowledge of another organization’s capabilities, commitment or intentions. Within a virtual B2B community, the negotiation for the purchase and selling of goods, services and information involves little or no physical interaction such as eye contact or handshakes. Additionally, there is limited accessibility to physical locations that may display goods or be a source of information that could be used for assessing the trustworthiness of organizations. Although the Internet provides a medium for interconnecting a broad range of potential business partners at relatively low start-up and ongoing costs, the inherent information asymmetries create additional risks not present in traditional commerce. Individual organizations are required to dynamically assess and mediate these risks through the implementation of strategies for limiting the exposure of valued information assets and protecting resources. Since it is not feasible, nor practical, to eliminate all risks associated with online B2B collaborations, a means for establishing and maintaining levels of mutual trust is essential among multiple organizations that participate in electronically based transactions.

A Distinct Type of Online Group for Customer Knowledge Innovation: The Virtual Product User Community

Libri ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuguang Li ◽  
Andrew Cox
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Communities ◽  
Virtual Community ◽  
Distinct Type ◽  
Technical Problems ◽  
User Community ◽  
Customer Group ◽  
Knowledge Innovation ◽  
Classification Framework ◽  
User Communities ◽  
Virtual Product

Abstract Among online communities of customers there are a number of different types of group that need to be distinguished. One interesting type are virtual product user communities, i.e. company sponsored online forums where product users share usage experience and collaboratively construct new knowledge to solve technical problems. The purpose of this paper is to show that these “virtual product user communities” are a distinct type of customer group with knowledge innovation capability. The research adopts a method combining observation and content analysis of discussion threads where technical problems are solved, complemented by thematic analysis of interviews with forum members to explore its character, especially its knowledge related attributes. The paper confirms empirically that the virtual product user community is a distinct type of virtual community and can be differentiated from other virtual communities of consumers. In addition, an enhanced classification framework, extending Porter’s (2004) classic 5Ps model, is proposed to highlight knowledge-related activities in virtual communities. Of particular interest is that the findings suggest that knowledge-related activities should be considered as an important attribute in defining and classifying virtual communities. In terms of practical implications, it is recommended that the virtual product user community should be given appropriate support from top management in order to fully exploit its knowledge innovation value. Moreover, tailored facilitation strategies to promote knowledge construction activities and community development can be developed in accordance with its unique attributes. The paper precisely distinguishes one specific type of innovative virtual community consisting of product users from other online customer communities. Moreover, it outlines a revised virtual community classification framework, which can be widely applied in analysing features of online groups. Its key attribute of knowledge-related activity redirects attention to virtual communities’ knowledge innovation capabilities.

Automated Extraction and Presentation of Data Practices in Privacy Policies

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-110
Author(s):  
Duc Bui ◽  
Kang G. Shin ◽  
Jong-Min Choi ◽  
Junbum Shin
Keyword(s):  
User Study ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Neural Model ◽  
Automated Analysis ◽  
Entity Recognition ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Privacy Policies ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Data Practices

Abstract Privacy policies are documents required by law and regulations that notify users of the collection, use, and sharing of their personal information on services or applications. While the extraction of personal data objects and their usage thereon is one of the fundamental steps in their automated analysis, it remains challenging due to the complex policy statements written in legal (vague) language. Prior work is limited by small/generated datasets and manually created rules. We formulate the extraction of fine-grained personal data phrases and the corresponding data collection or sharing practices as a sequence-labeling problem that can be solved by an entity-recognition model. We create a large dataset with 4.1k sentences (97k tokens) and 2.6k annotated fine-grained data practices from 30 real-world privacy policies to train and evaluate neural networks. We present a fully automated system, called PI-Extract, which accurately extracts privacy practices by a neural model and outperforms, by a large margin, strong rule-based baselines. We conduct a user study on the effects of data practice annotation which highlights and describes the data practices extracted by PI-Extract to help users better understand privacy-policy documents. Our experimental evaluation results show that the annotation significantly improves the users’ reading comprehension of policy texts, as indicated by a 26.6% increase in the average total reading score.

Development of Reliable NARX Models of Gas Turbine Cold, Warm and Hot Start-Up

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilal Bahlawan ◽  
Mirko Morini ◽  
Michele Pinelli ◽  
Pier Ruggero Spina ◽  
Mauro Venturini
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Control Logic ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Hot Start ◽  
Narx Models ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Rapid Transients

This paper documents the set-up and validation of nonlinear autoregressive exogenous (NARX) models of a heavy-duty single-shaft gas turbine. The considered gas turbine is a General Electric PG 9351FA located in Italy. The data used for model training are time series data sets of several different maneuvers taken experimentally during the start-up procedure and refer to cold, warm and hot start-up. The trained NARX models are used to predict other experimental data sets and comparisons are made among the outputs of the models and the corresponding measured data. Therefore, this paper addresses the challenge of setting up robust and reliable NARX models, by means of a sound selection of training data sets and a sensitivity analysis on the number of neurons. Moreover, a new performance function for the training process is defined to weigh more the most rapid transients. The final aim of this paper is the set-up of a powerful, easy-to-build and very accurate simulation tool which can be used for both control logic tuning and gas turbine diagnostics, characterized by good generalization capability.

The canopy coverage is correlated with the number of shoots produced by Eucalyptus clones in a clonal mini-garden

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (11) ◽  
pp. 1411-1416
Author(s):  
Natália Saudade de Aguiar ◽  
Marcio Carlos Navroski ◽  
Letícia Miranda ◽  
Clenilso Sehnen Mota ◽  
Regiane Abjaud Estopa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clonal Propagation ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Canopy Coverage ◽  
Regular Time ◽  
Eucalyptus Dunnii ◽  
Forest Nurseries ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Computational Resources ◽  
High Pearson Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Number Of Shoots

In this work, we analyzed the correlation between the canopy coverage of two commercial clones of Eucalyptus benthamii Maiden & Cambage and one of Eucalyptus dunnii Maiden and their shoot yields in a clonal mini-garden system. By canopy coverage, we referred to the area of a picture occupied by leaves (green area) when analyzed using computational resources. The mini-garden was set up to yield shoots on a regular time schedule (between 20 and 30 days) to obtain mini-cuttings for clonal propagation. Pictures were taken at approximately 30 cm above the upper leaves from the plots containing mini-stumps of each clone on the day before the collection of mini-cuttings for six consecutive harvests (approximately 6 months). The leaf coverage was obtained using the computational package Easy Leaf Area. Our results indicated a significantly high Pearson correlation coefficient (r = 0744, P < 0.001) between the canopy coverage and the number of shoots produced by each clone. A logistic regression model was adjusted to this dataset, enabling a prediction of the number of shoots based on the canopy coverage. This approach has the potential for assisting forest nurseries in predicting the yield of mini-cuttings while conducting clonal propagation of their genetic materials.

Rapid start-up of one-stage deammonification MBBR without addition of external inoculum

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (11) ◽  
pp. 2541-2550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Kanders ◽  
Daniel Ling ◽  
Emma Nehrenheim
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Operational Mode ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Reject Water ◽  
One Stage ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Laboratory Reactor ◽  
Set Up

In recent years, the anammox process has emerged as a useful method for robust and efficient nitrogen removal in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). This paper evaluates a one-stage deammonification (nitritation and anammox) start-up using carrier material without using anammox inoculum. A continuous laboratory-scale process was followed by full-scale operation with reject water from the digesters at Bekkelaget WWTP in Oslo, Norway. A third laboratory reactor was run in operational mode to verify the suitability of reject water from thermophilic digestion for the deammonification process. The two start-ups presented were run with indigenous bacterial populations, intermittent aeration and dilution, to favour growth of the anammox bacterial branches. Evaluation was done by chemical and fluorescence in situ hybridization analyses. The results demonstrate that anammox culture can be set up in a one-stage process only using indigenous anammox bacteria and that a full-scale start-up process can be completed in less than 120 days.

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