Questioning Gender through Transformative Critical Rooms

Author(s):  
Cecile K.M. Crutzen ◽  
Erna Kotkamp

Using the discourse of Gender Studies (Harding, 1986), proves to be a fruitful strategy to question methods, theories and practices of the Informatics discipline (Suchman, 1994a, 1994b). It shows the problematic notion of the binary opposition of use-design and it uncovers the objectification of both users and designers in ICT-representations in the designing process (Crutzen, 1997, 2000a, 2000b). To further this analysis of the informatics discipline the concept of the transformative critical room is a very important one. A transformative critical room creates space where the interpretation of ICT-representations can be negotiated and where doubt can occur as a constructive strategy. Creating these rooms require actors who already have a habit of causing doubt and who accept that truths are always situated. Within gender studies these concepts of situated knowledge’s and the critical assessment of subject-object relations are at the core of many feminist theories (Crutzen, 2003; Crutzen & Kotkamp, 2006). A transformative critical room where a feminist analysis is of great importance is the room where interactions take place between human actors and ICT-representations. In this interaction, the meaning of “use” needs to be reconstructed. Using ICT representations imply the (re)design of a flexible environment where the connection between human and non-human actors can always be disconnected. When introducing this possible disruption in these ICT-representations it shows that the activities of use and design occur simultaneously with a process of learning. This means that designing is always an ongoing process where change takes place and where actability becomes an important condition.

Author(s):  
Robert Parent ◽  
Denis St-Jacques ◽  
Julie Bélievau

This chapter reviews recent literature on knowledge and knowledge transfer (KT) and proposes the emergence of a classification system of the core KT concepts, models, and contexts that helps address issues of a strategic nature. The two paradigms that inform most of the KT literature, the positivist and social construction paradigms, and their implications on strategy formulation, are discussed. The positivist paradigm views knowledge as an object that can be passed on mechanistically from the creator to a translator who then adapts and transmits it to the user. The social construction paradigm views knowledge as the dynamic by-product of interactions between human actors who are trying to understand, name, and act on reality. In keeping with this dual paradigm logic, the literature on KT can be categorized as originating either from an information technology paradigm or an organic paradigm. The chapter discusses how most of the past strategy-related KT issues focused on the transfer of explicit knowledge and indicates that the future direction implies a shift in attention towards more tacit knowledge transfer considerations.


Semiotica ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (228) ◽  
pp. 193-222
Author(s):  
Irene Mittelberg

AbstractThis paper presents an account of how Peirce’s Universal Categories (UCs) of perception and experience may, as heuristic principles, inform gesture theory and multimodal analysis. Peirce’s UCs – Firstness (possibility), Secondness (actuality), and Thirdness (law, habit) – constitute the core of his phenomenology and thus also the foundation of his triadic semiotics. I argue that compared to the basic sign-object relations icon, index, symbol mainly used in previous gesture research, the more fundamental UCs allow one to discern additional facets of how coverbal gestures act as signs. This notably pertains to the phenomenology, multidimensionality, and multifunctionality of gesture. The guiding assumption is that compared to Thirdness-laden linguistic symbols constituting written, spoken or signed discourses, gestures may exhibit the UCs to more strongly varying degrees and in different, modality-specific ways. The multimodal analyses discussed in the paper show how Firstness tends to draw attention to the articulatory qualities of gestural signs, including aesthetic and affective strata, Secondness to their experiential grounding and contextualized meaning, and Thirdness to embodied habits of perceiving, feeling, (inter-)acting, thinking, and communicating with others. I further suggest that particularly through interacting with embodied image schemata and force dynamics, such habits may give rise to flexible regularities and schematicity in gesture.


2012 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 625-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather McLaughlin ◽  
Christopher Uggen ◽  
Amy Blackstone

Power is at the core of feminist theories of sexual harassment, although it has rarely been measured directly in terms of workplace authority. Popular characterizations portray male supervisors harassing female subordinates, but power-threat theories suggest that women in authority may be more frequent targets. This article analyzes longitudinal survey data and qualitative interviews from the Youth Development Study to test this idea and to delineate why and how supervisory authority, gender nonconformity, and workplace sex ratios affect harassment. Relative to nonsupervisors, female supervisors are more likely to report harassing behaviors and to define their experiences as sexual harassment. Sexual harassment can serve as an equalizer against women in power, motivated more by control and domination than by sexual desire. Interviews point to social isolation as a mechanism linking harassment to gender nonconformity and women’s authority, particularly in male-dominated work settings.


Author(s):  
Elena Mikhailovna Semenova

The article represents the description of ideal cognitive model of LIGHT/DARK archetypical binary opposition, metaphorically represented in the modern American political media discourse. Classific cognitive features and frames, constituting the mental spaces of the dichotomy under consideration are identified and described. The modelling of LIGHT/DARK binary pposition cognitive structure is represented by 3 stages. They are as follows: 1. the cognitive features identifed in the process of archetypical concepts' macrostructures description are referred to archetypical senses forming their mental spaces;2. the categorical structures of arcgetypical concepts are identified as frames or specific cognitive features, makong concepts' cognitive structure more detaoled;3.the character of archetypicak concepts' field organisation is determined by means of identyfying the core, the nearest and the farthest periphery of archetypical binary opposition cognitive structure.The methodology of the research is based on the cognitive-discursive paradigm, cognitive analysis of image making ways of archetypical senses ontologization in the political discourse.The novelty of research consists in representation of the ideal cognitive model of archetypical binary opposition LOGHT/DARK in the political discourse, the main characterisitic of which is conceptual assymetry, predetermining the charachter of interconnections between the components of binary opposition on the cognitive, verbal and discourse levels.


ATAVISME ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Alberta Natasia Adji ◽  
Kukuh Yudha Karnanta ◽  
Gesang Manggala Nugraha Putra

This article strives to deconstruct the main characters’ cultural identity in Rishi Reddi’s short stories collection, entitled Karma and Other Stories, as the characters deal with their lives as Indian diaspora in the United States. The applied method is the close-reading technique. This article employs Jacques Derrida’s deconstruction by tracing the binary opposition found within the seven short stories; later they are to be disseminated so that the true meanign can be revealed. The article finds that (1) the emerging conflicts in the stories are caused by the strong ties of the protagonists toward Hinduism and Indian family tradition, with (2) their cultural identity has managed to align with modernity in the US, but (3) their ties to the core Hinduism and Indian principles will remain strong.


2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 342-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosi Braidotti

Deleuze's ethics constitutes the core of his philosophy, which proposes a post-humanistic but robust nomadic vision of the subject that respects the complexity of our times while avoiding the pitfalls of postmodern and other forms of relativism. Deleuze's neo-Spinozist ethics rests on an active relational ontology that looks for the ways in which otherness prompts, mobilises and allows for flows of affirmation of values and forces which are not yet sustained by the current conditions. Insofar as the conditions need to be brought about or actualised by collective efforts to induce qualitative transformations in our interactions, it requires the praxis of affirmative ethics. The process of becoming-minor, which necessarily involves becoming-woman, is central to this pragmatic ethical project that includes human as well as non-human actors. This paper addresses this ethics in terms of ontological relationality, affectivity and endurance.


2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amita Sehgal

This paper describes how the emotional states of shame and humiliation are interconnected. Recent neurophysiological findings are drawn on together with an appreciation of the developmental significance of shame in mother–infant interactions in the first two years of life to explain the importance of the application of these concepts to couple therapy. Object relations theory is also cited to explore some of the unconscious dynamics that might be operating in couples where shame and humiliation form the core of their relational dynamic. This is followed by the description of how partners can be helped to manage the other's shame effectively and, in so doing, give rise to a novel and much longed-for experience within the relationship. Finally, the clinical challenges of working with shame and humiliation in couple psychotherapy are considered.


2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
May Raad Al-Abed ◽  
Nadia Hamendi

The core of the research lies in the analysis of the Western usage of the labeling theory, its impact on Arab/Muslim countries and how Islamic feminism came to overcome those imposed labels on Arab/Muslim women. Since the question of woman’s role in Islam has come to be seen as one of its most controversial issues and the source of much criticism towards it, the present research investigates the efforts and reasons that led a large group of elite Arab women to secession from the global feminist institution and attempt to overcome western labeling through their own feminist school based on the Islamic religion.The research deals with The Translator as an implicational example of Islamic feminist theories and its most important ideas. The analysis of Sammar’s character, her life, and her relation with other characters helped in discussing and combining all these perverse issues of labeling, Islamic feminism and western control, through providing relative examples from the novel to support the discussion. Also, supporting the analysis of the text is three of the most important theories in the field of literature and research: power relations, deconstruction and the other theory. 


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