Reflections

Author(s):  
Andrew Basden

The reason we have been content to emerge with five answers rather than trying to find a single over-arching one -- or, contrariwise, to sink into a morass of subjectivism that disallows any answer to an ’is’ question from being substantive -- is because we have employed the radical philosophical approach of Herman Dooyeweerd. As mentioned at the start of chapter 2, Dooyeweerd was an unusual philosopher in that, rather than merely trying to formulate philosophical theory, he tried to ’clear away’ what keeps us from seeing the structure of reality as it presents itself to us in the everyday attitude.

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Schalk W. Vorster

Corruption has reached astounding proportions in South Africa. The purpose of this article is to contribute to philosophical approaches aimed at combating corruption. In considering punishment for acts of corruption the most common approach is based on the philosophical theory of consequentialism, which allows only consideration of the consequences of corrupt acts. Ideally, cognisance should be taken of the norms in question, especially those norms demanding the judicious execution of obligations. It was, however, found that the Kantian categorical imperative presupposes an ideal rational society. The imperative has to be ‘softened’ by also allowing for enquiry about the corruptor’s personal circumstances, in the light of Christ’s love commandment. This article highlights the most prominent attributes of two important philosophical theories applicable to the study of corruption, namely utilitarianism (a variant of consequentialism) and deontology. It is argued that qualified deontological and utilitistic approaches hold the best promise to curb corruption in the long run. The conclusion is that the state will urgently have to attend to the social context by revitalising programmes of ‘social renewal’, based on effective application of the law, the provision of adequate education and the eradication of poverty. There is also an urgent need for the ‘moral renewal’ of the entire population, focused on Christian values, operationalised within the context of the South Africa of today. Herein lies a massive task for the church.Korrupsie het verstommende afmetings in Suid-Afrika aangeneem. Die doel van hierdie artikel is om ’n bydrae te lewer tot filosofiese benaderings wat daarop gemik is om korrupsie te bestry. By die oorweging van strawwe vir korrupte dade word die mees algemene benadering gebaseer op die teorie van konsekwensialisme, wat slegs die gevolge van korrupte dade oorweeg. Ideaal-gesproke behoort ook kennis geneem te word van die norme wat ter sprake is, veral dié norme wat die getroue nakoming van pligte vereis. Daar is egter gevind dat die Kantiaanse kategoriese imperatief ’n ideale rasionele gemeenskap veronderstel. Die imperatief moet dus ‘versag’ word deur, in die lig van Christus se liefdesopdrag, plek te maak vir oorwegings in verband met die korrupte agent se persoonlike omstandighede. Die studie is uitgevoer deur ’n oorsig van die belangrikste standpunte van twee filosofiese teorieë, naamlik utilitarisme (’n variant van konsekwensialisme) en deontologie te gee. Daar is aangevoer dat gekwalifiseerde deontologiese en utilitaristiese benaderings belofte inhou om korrupsie op die langtermyn te beteuel. Die gevolgtrekking was dat die staat dringend aandag moet skenk aan die sosiale konteks deur die inwerkingstelling van ’n proses van ‘sosiale vernuwing’, gebaseer op die effektiewe toepassing van die wet, die voorsiening van voldoende onderwys en die bestryding van armoede. Daar is ook ’n dringende behoefte aan die ‘morele vernuwing’ van die bevolking, met die fokus op Christelike waardes, geoperasionaliseer vir die Suid-Afrika van vandag. Hierin lê ’n groot taak vir die kerk.


2020 ◽  
pp. 129-140
Author(s):  
Alexander N. Dubianskii

The work of the Danish sociologist O. Bjerg is among the few in recent years, which discusses the issues related to what money is in the modern world, what are its essence and origin. The book’s focus is on a philosophical approach to understanding the role of money in modern society and economy. The author of this book believes that mainstream economists have not yet been able to offer a universal theory of money, and that it is necessary to use other methodological approaches to determine what money is. In his book, Bjerg aims to formulate an original philosophical theory of money, with which he proposes to solve numerous problems of monetary theory with the help of philosophical concepts and categories. The book has a huge creative potential, motivating researchers to use the philosophical approach proposed by the author for the knowledge of money as an economic phenomenon.


2019 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
pp. 03011
Author(s):  
Antonio Carluccio

This article is devoted to the topic of work, in the frame of the Soviet labor camp, from the point of view of two leading exponents of the lagernaya literatura: Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, with his novel One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich, and Gustaw Herling-Grudzinski with the memoir A World Apart. Both authors write on the same theme, the life of a prisoner, but the focus on the work activities and the interpretation they give is completely different. The description of the working day, the consequences it makes on the everyday life of the prisoners, the struggle for the food needed for surviving the harsh climatic and detention conditions, and finally the philosophical approach used to represent the forced labor, present relevant differences. This article is meant to analyze those differences through the authors' very own words and literary studies. We start from the very raw information detectable by a thorough reading of the two works, going through a moral analysis of the events narrated. While the core narration happens within the same tragic frame, the conclusions they draw are ultimately different.


GeroPsych ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 205-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn L. Ossenfort ◽  
Derek M. Isaacowitz

Abstract. Research on age differences in media usage has shown that older adults are more likely than younger adults to select positive emotional content. Research on emotional aging has examined whether older adults also seek out positivity in the everyday situations they choose, resulting so far in mixed results. We investigated the emotional choices of different age groups using video games as a more interactive type of affect-laden stimuli. Participants made multiple selections from a group of positive and negative games. Results showed that older adults selected the more positive games, but also reported feeling worse after playing them. Results supplement the literature on positivity in situation selection as well as on older adults’ interactive media preferences.


Author(s):  
Mark Y. Czarnolewski ◽  
Carol Lawton ◽  
John Eliot
Keyword(s):  

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