Long Term Tracking of Pedestrians with Groups and Occlusions

2007 ◽  
pp. 151-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro M. Jorge ◽  
Arnaldo J. Abrantes ◽  
João M. Lemos ◽  
Jorge S. Marques
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Model ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Video Sequences ◽  
New Information ◽  
Probable Interpretation ◽  
Recognition Errors ◽  
Consistent Labeling ◽  
Spatiotemporal Trajectories ◽  
Layer Solution

This chapter describes an algorithm for tracking groups of pedestrians in video sequences. The main difficulties addressed in this work concern total occlusions of the objects to be tracked, as well as group merging and splitting. Because there is ambiguity, the algorithm should be able to provide the most probable interpretation of the data. A two layer solution is proposed. The first layer produces a set of spatiotemporal trajectories based on low level operations which manage to track the pedestrians most of the time. The second layer performs a consistent labeling of the detected segments using a statistical model based on Bayesian networks. The Bayesian network is recursively computed during the tracking operation and allows the update of the tracker results every time new information is available. Interpretation/recognition errors can thus be detected after receiving enough information about the group of interacting objects. Experimental tests are included to show the performance of the algorithm in complex situations. This work was supported by FEDER and FCT under project LT (POSI 37844/01).

scholarly journals Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) dynamics in the Welsh Marches during the mid to late-Holocene

The Holocene ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 095968362199465
Author(s):  
Dael Sassoon ◽  
William J Fletcher ◽  
Alastair Hotchkiss ◽  
Fern Owen ◽  
Liting Feng
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Late Holocene ◽  
British Isles ◽  
Loss On Ignition ◽  
Peat Core ◽  
New Information ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Pollen Records

Around 4000 cal yr BP, Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris) suffered a widespread demise across the British Isles. This paper presents new information about P. sylvestris populations found in the Welsh Marches (western central Britain), for which the long-term history and origins are poorly known. Two new pollen records were produced from the Lin Can Moss ombrotrophic bog (LM18) and the Breidden Hill pond (BH18). The LM18 peat core is supported by loss-on-ignition, humification analysis and radiocarbon dating. Lead concentrations were used to provide an estimated timeframe for the recent BH18 record. In contrast to many other Holocene pollen records from the British Isles, analysis of LM18 reveals that Scots pine grains were deposited continuously between c. 6900–300 cal yr BP, at frequencies of 0.3–5.4%. It is possible that individual Scots pine trees persisted through the wider demise on thin soils of steep drought-prone crags of hills or the fringes of lowland bogs in the Welsh Marches. At BH18, the record indicates a transition from broadleaved to mixed woodland, including conifer species introduced around AD 1850 including Picea and Pinus. The insights from BH18 suggest that the current populations may largely be the result of planting. Comparison of the LM18 findings with other regional pollen records highlights consistent patterns, including a Mid-Holocene maximum (ca. 7000 cal yr BP), long-term persistence at low pollen percentages and a Late-Holocene minimum (ca. 3000 cal yr BP). These distinctive trends encourage further studies on refugial areas for Scots pine in this region and elsewhere.

scholarly journals Statistical Model-Based Classification to Detect Patient-Specific Spike-and-Wave in EEG Signals

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Quintero Rincón ◽  
Hadj Batatia ◽  
Jorge Prende ◽  
Valeria Muro ◽  
Carlos D'Giano
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Model ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
True Positive Rate ◽  
Wave Pattern ◽  
Absence Epilepsy ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Eeg Signals ◽  
True Negative ◽  
Eeg Recordings

Spike-and-wave discharge (SWD) pattern detection in electroencephalography (EEG) signals is a key signal processing problem. It is particularly important for overcoming time-consuming, difficult, and error-prone manual analysis of long-term EEG recordings. This paper presents a new SWD method with a low computational complexity that can be easily trained with data from standard medical protocols. Precisely, EEG signals are divided into time segments for which the Morlet 1-D decomposition is applied. The generalized Gaussian distribution (GGD) statistical model is fitted to the resulting wavelet coefficients. A k-nearest neighbors (k-NN) self-supervised classifier is trained using the GGD parameters to detect the spike-and-wave pattern. Experiments were conducted using 106 spike-and-wave signals and 106 non-spike-and-wave signals for training and another 96 annotated EEG segments from six human subjects for testing. The proposed SWD classification methodology achieved 95 % sensitivity (True positive rate), 87% specificity (True Negative Rate), and 92% accuracy. These results set the path to new research to study causes underlying the so-called absence epilepsy in long-term EEG recordings.

scholarly journals Monitoring Long-Term Cardiovascular Risk from Estrogen Use in Transgender Women - Evidence Update for Clinicians

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Hormone Therapy ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
The United States ◽  
Transgender Women ◽  
Cardiovascular Risks ◽  
Psychological Benefits ◽  
Transgender People ◽  
New Information ◽  
Primary Care Clinicians

A PCORI-funded study provides new information for primary care clinicians about the need to monitor long-term cardiovascular risks in transgender women receiving hormone therapy. Approximately 1.4 million transgender people live in the United States. Many transgender women pursue medical transition with hormone therapy including estrogen to align their bodies with their female gender identity. Evidence suggests that medical transition confers significant psychological benefits including reduced depression, anxiety, and suicidality and improved quality of life. However, the risks of using estrogen, including cardiovascular risks, are not well understood. Recent evidence on these risks can help inform decisions and improve care for transgender women who are currently using or formerly used estrogen.

scholarly journals Dynamics of the cyanobacterial water bloom with focus to Microcystis and its relationship with environmental factors in Brno reservoir

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 1383-1390
Author(s):  
Lucie Straková ◽  
Radovan Kopp ◽  
Eliška Maršálková ◽  
Blahoslav Maršálek
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Water Bloom ◽  
Data Set ◽  
New Information ◽  
Phytoplankton Communities ◽  
Management Effort ◽  
Phosphate Loading ◽  
Treatment Facilities

Our paper brings new information about long-term changes of the phytoplankton communities in the Brno reservoir with the focus on the Microcystis abundance using the semi-monthly monitoring data covering the period 2006–2012. The main aim is to extract from this long-term data set differences in number of Microcystis cells depending on environmental factors. The development of cyanobacteria in Brno reservoir is caused by excessive phosphate loading from wastewater treatment facilities upstream and from non–point sources along the Svratka river. It focuses management effort on upstream controls of reservoir condition. High abundance in millions of cyanobacteria cells in 1ml observed in Brno reservoir before was reduced to values in the order of thousands cells in 1ml in last two years through a combination of measures (liming, precipitation of phosphorus on inflow, aeration and destratification). Phytoplankton composition was also changed and at the expense of cyanobacteria promoted the development of green algae and diatoms.

scholarly journals BASIC DIFFICULTIES AND DIRECTIONS OF DEVELOPMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION FOR THE MIDDLE AND LONG-TERM PROSPECTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (3) ◽  
pp. 25-29
Author(s):  
Андрей Аверченков ◽  
Andrey Averchenkov ◽  
Елена Аверченкова ◽  
Elena Averchenkova ◽  
Федор Лозбинев ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
New Information ◽  
Legal Frameworks

New benchmarks of the digital economy require the introduction of new information technologies into the daily practice of public administration. The main legal frameworks of the state development of the digital society in the medium and long term are considered on the example of the National Project “Digital Economy”. It is shown that the provision of a sufficient level of regional government in the conditions of information transformations is possible within the framework of the Federal Project "Digital Public Administration". Training and retraining of personnel in the field of information technologies is the most important condition for the successful implementation of the idea of informatization of Russian society, it is implemented by the measures of the Federal project "Personnel for the digital economy"

scholarly journals Monitor - an information system for improved municipal environmental management

2019 ◽  
pp. 105-111
Author(s):  
Björn Frostell
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Joint Research ◽  
New Information ◽  
Environmental Information System ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
State Of The Environment ◽  
The City ◽  
Monitor Data

MONITOR is a joint research effort between a number of research institutions and the city of Stockholm. It aims at developing an environmental information system based on (i) accounlings of flows and stocks of materials and energy (environmental pressure) as well as describing the (ii) state of the environment and the (iii ) environmental impact in an integrated way. In MONITOR, data from existing environmental monitoring in Stockholm is integrated with new information on material flows and stocks. A first prototype, illustrating the potential benefits of MONITOR has been developed. A long-term goal is to develop a tool for an improved economising of materials and energy in the Stockholm region. In the paper, the MONITOR programme is presented as well as initial practical approaches to the work.

Gas dispersion in the oxygen delignification process

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 311-318
Author(s):  
JARI KAYHKO ◽  
HEIKKI MUTIKAINEN ◽  
KARI PELTONEN ◽  
RIKU KOPRA ◽  
MARKUS HONKANEN
Keyword(s):  
Bubble Size ◽  
Oxygen Delignification ◽  
Noticeable Effect ◽  
Gas Dispersion ◽  
New Information ◽  
Oxygen Bubble ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mixer Rotation ◽  
Reactor Pressure

There has been very little knowledge about the state of gas dispersion in the oxygen delignification process, even though this has a major impact on the performance of the reactor. This paper presents a new continu-ous inline method for measuring oxygen bubble size distribution in the reactor, as well as results from studies con-ducted in softwood and hardwood lines. This new measurement worked well, and new information about oxygen bubble size, as well as how different reactor conditions affected the distribution, was obtained. For example: • In the softwood line, the mean volume-weighted bubble size was about 0.1 mm, whereas in the hardwood line, this size was almost 10 times higher. For both lines, there was considerable variation in the measured bubble size over the long term. • For both lines, an increase in mixer rotation speed caused a discernible decrease in the bubble size, and an increase in oxygen charge caused a discernible increase in the bubble size. • In the softwood line, no coalescence of the bubbles in the reactor was observed, but in the hardwood line, some coalescence of the larger bubbles occurred. • In the test conducted in the hardwood line, the use of brownstock washer defoamer caused a discernible increase in oxygen bubble size. • In the hardwood line, reactor pressure had a noticeable effect on the amount of delignification, which indicated that improving mass transfer of oxygen (e.g., by decreasing the oxygen bubble size, in this case) should also have an increasing effect on the delignification.

Current COVID-19 vaccine epidemiology and dentistry

Dental Update ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (10) ◽  
pp. 881-886
Author(s):  
Lakshman Samaranayake
Keyword(s):  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Vaccine Recipient ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Endogenous Factors ◽  
Societal Factors ◽  
The Public ◽  
New Information ◽  
Current Vaccine ◽  
Strain Type

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine story is continuously unfolding. Since our previous COVID-19 commentaries, much new information has transpired on the subject, and here we revisit this topic, which has practical implications for all stakeholders in dentistry, as well as the public. This article, on current vaccine epidemiology, provides an account of why vaccines fail in general, and the particular concerns in relation to the new Delta variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and related ‘variants of concern’. Issues related to vaccine failure are fundamentally dichotomous in nature, appertaining either to the vaccine strain (type) per se, and/or the numerous endogenous factors of the vaccine recipient/vaccinee. Societal factors such as vaccine hesitancy and its impact on herd immunity appear to overarch the long-term goal of total or partial global suppression of SARS-CoV-2, and its eventual endemicity. CPD/Clinical Relevance: To describe the reasons for the failure of currently administered COVID-19 vaccines, particularly in relation to the advent of the SARS-CoV-2 ‘variants of concern’, and discuss implications for clinical dental practice.

The Role of the Researcher in New Information Infrastructure Research

2012 ◽  
pp. 196-217
Keyword(s):  
Critical Reflection ◽  
Information Infrastructure ◽  
Methodological Choices ◽  
Is Research ◽  
New Information ◽  
Reflective Development ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
Research Choices

In this chapter, the role of the researcher in new information infrastructure research is explored. The key ideas informing this chapter are drawn from a critical reflection on trends in information systems (IS) research and the need for a more pragmatic approach (Constantinides et al., 2012). The focus is on developing a better understanding of the consequences of research choices by drawing on the notion of phronesis – the reflective development of prudent knowledge that is continuously shaped by and imbued with situated values and interests (Flyvberg, 2001). Specifically, it is argued that, IS researchers must recognize that research involves not just choices about how to conduct a study (i.e. theoretical and methodological choices), but also about why we study what we study and who is affected by our work (i.e. the desirable outcomes and long-term impact of research).

An Hybrid CPU-GPU Parallel Multi-tracking Framework for Long-Term Video Sequences

2021 ◽  
pp. 263-274
Author(s):  
Juan P. D’amato ◽  
Leonardo Dominguez ◽  
Franco Stramana ◽  
Aldo Rubiales ◽  
Alejandro Perez
Keyword(s):  
Video Sequences
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