Blood Pressure Estimation with Considering of Stroke Volume Effect

2008 ◽  
pp. 173-180
Author(s):  
Moha’med O. Al-Jaafreh ◽  
Adel A. Al-Jumaily
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Applied Pressure ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Volume Effect ◽  
Signal Features ◽  
Measure Blood Pressure ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Blood Pressure Estimation

The mean arterial pressure (MAP) is a very important cardiovascular parameter for physicians to diagnose various cardiovascular diseases. Many algorithms were used to estimate MAP with different accuracy. These algorithms used different factors, such as blood level, pulses, and external applied pressure, photo-plethysmography (PPG) signal features, heart rate (HR), and other factors. In addition, some natural-based techniques were employed to minimize the difference between estimated and measured blood pressure, as well as to measure blood pressure continuously. This article presents an algorithm to estimate MAP, utilizing the HR, Stroke Volume (SV), and Total Peripheral Resistance (TPR), with considering SV changing influence; this consideration is investigated mathematically, and by the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) technique.

scholarly journals Combined deep CNN–LSTM network-based multitasking learning architecture for noninvasive continuous blood pressure estimation using difference in ECG-PPG features

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Da Un Jeong ◽  
Ki Moo Lim
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Pressure Measurement ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Peak Time ◽  
Simultaneous Prediction ◽  
Deep Cnn ◽  
Pressure Estimation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Blood Pressure Estimation ◽  
Continuous Blood Pressure

AbstractThe pulse arrival time (PAT), the difference between the R-peak time of electrocardiogram (ECG) signal and the systolic peak of photoplethysmography (PPG) signal, is an indicator that enables noninvasive and continuous blood pressure estimation. However, it is difficult to accurately measure PAT from ECG and PPG signals because they have inconsistent shapes owing to patient-specific physical characteristics, pathological conditions, and movements. Accordingly, complex preprocessing is required to estimate blood pressure based on PAT. In this paper, as an alternative solution, we propose a noninvasive continuous algorithm using the difference between ECG and PPG as a new feature that can include PAT information. The proposed algorithm is a deep CNN–LSTM-based multitasking machine learning model that outputs simultaneous prediction results of systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressures (DBP). We used a total of 48 patients on the PhysioNet website by splitting them into 38 patients for training and 10 patients for testing. The prediction accuracies of SBP and DBP were 0.0 ± 1.6 mmHg and 0.2 ± 1.3 mmHg, respectively. Even though the proposed model was assessed with only 10 patients, this result was satisfied with three guidelines, which are the BHS, AAMI, and IEEE standards for blood pressure measurement devices.

Exercise stroke volume relative to plasma-volume expansion

1988 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 404-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. Hopper ◽  
A. R. Coggan ◽  
E. F. Coyle
Keyword(s):  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Volume Expansion ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Submaximal Exercise ◽  
Upright Position ◽  
Plasma Volume Expansion ◽  
Trained Subjects ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Dextran Solution

The effects of plasma-volume (PV) expansion on stroke volume (SV) (CO2 rebreathing) during submaximal exercise were determined. Intravenous infusion of 403 +/- 21 ml of a 6% dextran solution before exercise in the upright position increased SV 11% (i.e., 130 +/- 6 to 144 +/- 5 ml; P less than 0.05) in untrained males (n = 7). Further PV expansion (i.e., 706 +/- 43 ml) did not result in a further increase in SV (i.e., 145 +/- 4 ml). SV was somewhat higher during supine compared with upright exercise when blood volume (BV) was normal (i.e., 138 +/- 8 vs. 130 +/- 6 ml; P = 0.08). PV expansion also increased SV during exercise in the supine position (i.e., 138 +/- 8 to 150 +/- 8 ml; P less than 0.05). In contrast to these observations in untrained men, PV expansion of endurance-trained men (n = 10), who were naturally PV expanded, did not increase SV during exercise in the upright or supine positions. When BV in the untrained men was increased to match that of the endurance-trained subjects, SV was observed to be 15% higher (165 +/- 7 vs. 144 +/- 5 ml; P less than 0.05), whereas mean blood pressure and total peripheral resistance were significantly lower (P less than 0.05) in the trained compared with untrained subjects during upright exercise at a similar heart rate. The present findings indicate that exercise SV in untrained men is preload dependent and that increases in exercise SV occur in response to the first 400 ml of PV expansion. It appears that approximately one-half of the difference in SV normally observed between untrained and highly endurance-trained men during upright exercise is due to a suboptimal BV in the untrained men.

Long-term hemodynamic actions of atrial natriuretic factor (99-126) in conscious sheep

1988 ◽  
Vol 254 (4) ◽  
pp. H811-H815 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Parkes ◽  
J. P. Coghlan ◽  
J. G. McDougall ◽  
B. A. Scoggins
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Total Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Atrial Natriuretic Factor ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Natriuretic Factor ◽  
Atrial Natriuretic

The hemodynamic and metabolic effects of long-term (5 day) infusion of human atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) were examined in conscious chronically instrumented sheep. Infusion of ANF at 20 micrograms/h, a rate below the threshold for an acute natriuretic effect, decreased blood pressure by 9 +/- 1 mmHg on day 5, associated with a fall in calculated total peripheral resistance. On day 1, ANF reduced cardiac output, stroke volume, and blood volume, effects that were associated with an increase in heart rate and calculated total peripheral resistance and a small decrease in blood pressure. On days 4 and 5 there was a small increase in urine volume and sodium excretion. On day 5 an increase in water intake and body weight was observed. No change was seen in plasma concentrations of renin, arginine vasopressin, glucose, adrenocorticotropic hormone, or protein. This study suggests that the short-term hypotensive effect of ANF results from a reduction in cardiac output associated with a fall in both stroke volume and effective blood volume. However, after 5 days of infusion, ANF lowers blood pressure via a reduction in total peripheral resistance.

scholarly journals Combined Deep CNN–LSTM Network-based Multitasking Learning Architecture for Noninvasive Continuous Blood Pressure Estimation using Difference in ECG-PPG Features

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Da Un Jeong ◽  
Ki Moo Lim
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Pulse Transit Time ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Peak Time ◽  
Simultaneous Prediction ◽  
Deep Cnn ◽  
Pressure Estimation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Blood Pressure Estimation ◽  
Continuous Blood Pressure

Abstract The pulse transit time (PTT), which is the difference between the R-peak time of the electrocardiogram (ECG) signal and the systolic peak of the photoplethysmography (PPG) signal, is an indicator that enables noninvasive and continuous blood pressure estimation. However, it is difficult to accurately measure the PTT from the ECG and PPG signals because they have inconsistent shapes owing to patient-specific physical characteristics, pathological conditions, and movements. Accordingly, complex preprocessing is required to estimate blood pressure based on PTT. In this paper, as an alternative solution, we propose a noninvasive continuous algorithm using the difference between the ECG and PPG as a new feature that can include PTT information. The proposed algorithm is a deep CNN–LSTM-based multitasking machine learning model that outputs simultaneous prediction results of systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressures (DBP). The prediction accuracies of SBP and DBP using the proposed model were 0.017±1.624 mmHg and 0.164±1.297 mmHg, respectively. This result corresponded to Grade A according to the BHS and AAMI standards, which are the validation standards for blood pressure measuring devices.

scholarly journals A Novel Neural Network Model for Blood Pressure Estimation Using Photoplethesmography without Electrocardiogram

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludi Wang ◽  
Wei Zhou ◽  
Ying Xing ◽  
Xiaoguang Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Mean Absolute Error ◽  
Wearable Sensors ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Noninvasive Estimation ◽  
Treatment Of Hypertension ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Artificial Neural Network Ann ◽  
Blood Pressure Estimation

The prevention, evaluation, and treatment of hypertension have attracted increasing attention in recent years. As photoplethysmography (PPG) technology has been widely applied to wearable sensors, the noninvasive estimation of blood pressure (BP) using the PPG method has received considerable interest. In this paper, a method for estimating systolic and diastolic BP based only on a PPG signal is developed. The multitaper method (MTM) is used for feature extraction, and an artificial neural network (ANN) is used for estimation. Compared with previous approaches, the proposed method obtains better accuracy; the mean absolute error is 4.02 ± 2.79 mmHg for systolic BP and 2.27 ± 1.82 mmHg for diastolic BP.

Abstract WP46: Blood Pressure, Clinical Improvement And Recanalization Following Acute MCA Occlusion

Stroke ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nandakumar Nagaraja ◽  
Steven Warach ◽  
Amie W Hsia ◽  
Sungyoung Auh ◽  
Lawrence L Latour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Clinical Improvement ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Collateral Flow ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Mca Occlusion ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
B Test

Background: Blood pressure (BP) drop in the first 24 hours after stroke onset may occur in response to vessel recanalization. Clinical improvement could be due to recanalization or better collateral flow with persistent occlusion. We hypothesize that patients with combination of significant improvement on the NIHSS and a drop in BP at 24hr post tPA is associated with recanalization. Methods: We included intravenous t-PA patients from the Lesion Evolution of Stroke Ischemia On Neuroimaging (LESION) registry who had pre-treatment and 24 hour MRA scan, NIHSS scores at those times and an M1 MCA occlusion at baseline, but excluded those on pressors, pre tPA SBP<120 and tandem ICA occlusion. We classified recanalization status on the 24 hour MRA as none, partial or complete. We abstracted all BP measurements for the first 24 hours from the chart and calculated BP drop as the difference of the triage pre-tPA BP and the average of the last 3 hour readings preceding the 24 hour MRI. NIHSS improvement was defined as ≥4points improvement on NIHSS or NIHSS of 0 at 24hour. Patients with combination of drop in BP and NIHSS improvement were compared with others for recanalization status on 24hr MRA by Kendall Tau-b test. Results: Seventeen patients met the study criteria. There were 13 women, the mean age was 76 years and the median baseline NIHSS was 15. On the 24 hour MRA, 3, 8 and 6 patients had none, partial and complete recanalization, respectively. Patients with NIHSS improvement and a SBP drop ≥20 mmHg were more like to have recanalization at 24 hrs (57% Vs 0%, p=0.03). Similar patterns were seen for patients with NIHSS improvement and DBP drop ≥5mmHg (50% Vs 0%, p=0.04) or MAP drop ≥20mmHg (50% Vs 0%, p=0.04). Complete recanalization was only associated with the combination of NIHSS improvement with SBP drop ≥ 20mmHg (66% Vs 0%, p=0.04). A significant association was not found for recanalization with NIHSS improvement alone or drop in BP alone. Conclusion: There is an association of clinical improvement and BP drop in patients who recanalize. Bedside clinical information may be useful in the management of stroke patients.

Abstract P199: Keep Moving, Your Health Depends On It: Impact Of Improved Physical Activity And Weight Loss In A Wellness Program

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebenezer T Oni ◽  
Ehimen Aneni ◽  
Maribeth Rouseff ◽  
Thinh Tran ◽  
Henry Guzman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
South Florida ◽  
Metabolic Equivalents ◽  
Baseline Weight ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Negative impact of CVD as the leading cause of death in the US is worsened by the significant burden of obesity and associated morbidity and concerns about the growing population inactivity. The American Heart Association has emphasized worksite-based interventions to improve CV health. We evaluated the benefits of improved physical activity(PA) and weight loss(WL) among employees of the Baptist Health South Florida enrolled in a wellness intervention program. Methods: Employees with two or more Cardio-metabolic risk factors , such as total cholesterol ≥ 200 mg/dl, systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg, hemoglobin A1C ≥ 6.5%, and body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 were enrolled in an intervention program themed “My unlimited potential”. Interventions were focused on diet and PA modifications. We defined improved physical activity as the difference in the metabolic equivalents (METs) at 12 weeks follow-up and at baseline. WL (lbs) was the difference in weight at follow-up. The relationship between WL and changes in METs was explored in an ordered logistic regression. Results: Overall 203 (48±10 years, 78% females) employees were enrolled with a retention rate of 89% (n=181) at 12 weeks follow-up. At baseline the median weights was 211 lbs., and mean METs- 8.6, while at follow-up the median weight was 200 lbs, and the mean METs 11. At 12 weeks follow up 38% had significant WL (lost >5% of baseline weight). The median WL was 8.4 (IQR 4.8-13.0) lbs and the mean change in METs was 2.4±1.8. Median WL increased with increasing tertiles of METs change; tertile1- 6.5(4-11) lbs., tertile2- 9(6-13)lbs. tertile3- 11(7-15)lbs. Increased PA was related to increased WL across BMI categories adjusting for age, gender and baseline weight. Conclusion: This study points strongly toward the benefit of increasing PA among other lifestyle modification interventions in controlling weight. Although further follow-up of this population to evaluate sustainability of change is needed, our results clearly relate improved PA and health.

Pulmonary impedance in dogs measured by forced random noise with a retrograde catheter

1982 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 725-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Fullton ◽  
D. A. Hayes ◽  
R. L. Pimmel
Keyword(s):  
Endotracheal Tube ◽  
Airway Resistance ◽  
Random Noise ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Base Line ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Central Airway

Retrograde catheter and forced random noise techniques were combined to study the distribution of resistance and compliance in dogs following the inhalation of aerosols containing 2.5 and 5.0 mg/ml of histamine. Mean base-line peripheral resistance was 0.367 cmH2O . l'1 . s, agreeing with previous estimates. After correction for the endotracheal tube, the mean central airway resistance was 0.040 cmH2O . l'1 . s, considerably lower than previous estimates. This discrepancy was attributed to an overcorrection for the endotracheal tube resistance. The lower histamine dose caused a substantial increase in peripheral resistance, a relatively small increase in central resistance, and substantial decreases in total and peripheral compliance. After the higher histamine dose, changes in peripheral resistance and both compliances were similar to those obtained with the lower dose; however, the increase in central resistance was much larger than at the lower dose. The difference between total and peripheral compliance yielded estimates of airway compliance of 0.00306 l/cmH2O before and 0.00104 l/cmH2O after 2.5 mg/ml of histamine.

Effect of sympathetic blockade on diurnal variation of hemodynamic patterns

1989 ◽  
Vol 256 (3) ◽  
pp. R778-R785 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. I. Talan ◽  
B. T. Engel
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Total Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Sympathetic Blockade ◽  
Selective Blockade ◽  
Arterial Blood

Heart rate, stroke volume, and intra-arterial blood pressure were monitored continuously in each of four monkeys, 18 consecutive h/day for several weeks. The mean heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac output, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and total peripheral resistance were calculated for each minute and reduced to hourly means. After base-line data were collected for approximately 20 days, observation was continued for equal periods of time under conditions of alpha-sympathetic blockade, beta-sympathetic blockade, and double sympathetic blockade. This was achieved by intra-arterial infusion of prazosin, atenolol, or a combination of both in concentration sufficient for at least 75% reduction of response to injection of agonists. The results confirmed previous findings of a diurnal pattern characterized by a fall in cardiac output and a rise in total peripheral resistance throughout the night. This pattern was not eliminated by selective blockade, of alpha- or beta-sympathetic receptors or by double sympathetic blockade; in fact, it was exacerbated by sympathetic blockade, indicating that the sympathetic nervous system attenuates these events. Because these findings indicate that blood volume redistribution is probably not the mechanism mediating the observed effects, we have hypothesized that a diurnal loss in plasma volume may mediate the fall in cardiac output and that the rise in total peripheral resistance reflects a homeostatic regulation of arterial pressure.

Catecholamine Infusion versus Intraaortic Counterpulsation at the Initial Phase of Left Intraventricular Balloon Pumping in the Fibrillating Animal Heart

1993 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Stamatelopoulos ◽  
N. Zakopoulos ◽  
N. Saridakis ◽  
S. Stefanou ◽  
A. Adractas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Left Atrial ◽  
Initial Phase ◽  
Aortic Pressure ◽  
Aortic Flow ◽  
Aortic Blood ◽  
Aortic Blood Pressure ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

This experimental study compares the effect of catecholamine infusion to the effect of intraaortic counterpulsation (IABP) while initiating intraventricular balloon pumping (IVBP) in the fibrillating heart. In 12 dogs IVBP started immediately after the induction of ventricular fibrillation. Intravenous adrenaline or noradrenaline (at a progressively increasing infusion rate until the systolic aortic blood pressure was 120 mm Hg) was interchanged with IABP. The systolic aortic pressure, the aotic flow and the mean left atrial pressure were, respectively, 120.4 ± 0.5 mm Hg, 42 ± 4 mlkg-1min-1 and 18.7 ± 1.2 mm Hg (x ± SEM) ten min after initiating catecholamine infusion and 97 ± 5 mm Hg (with a 131 ± 4 mm Hg diastolic wave), 69.6 ± 4 mlkg-1min-1 and 16 ± 1.5 mm Hg ten min after initiating IABP. The difference in aortic flow was significant (p<0.001). The results indicate that a better aortic flow may be obtained by combining IVBP and IABP than IVBP and vasoconstrictive agents in the fibrillating heart. If IVBP, IABP and catecholamines are combined, both AF and AP may increase.

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